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84 results for “group selection”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Modeling the effects of selectively fishing key functional groups of herbivores on coral resilience; data for Cook et al., 2023 Ecosphere
These data and code were generated in support of the manuscript: Cook DT, Schmitt RJ, Holbrook SJ, and HV Moeller, Ecosphere. To investigate the impacts of selectively harvesting functional groups of herbivorous fishes on coral resilience, we used a dynamic model that is grounded by the coral reef system in Moorea, French Polynesia. Our model simulates the fraction of a reef occupied through time by classes of key benthic spaceholders (coral, two stages of macroalgae, and turf). Benthic and fishing dynamics are linked through the harvesting of two functional groups of herbivorous fishes. We utilize data collected on the abundance of fishes on the reef and in the catch in Moorea, French Polynesia to inform our model and to empirically explore patterns of fishing selectivity. These data and code were published in Ecosphere and were a part of the thesis of D. Cook (2023). This manuscript uses data collected by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research (MCR LTER) site under Grant No. OCE 2224354 (and earlier awards). Additional financial support to the MCR LTER site was provided through a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2023).
Calix[6]arenes with halogen bond donor groups as selective and efficient anion transporters
<p>Dataset for the publication: <strong>Calix[6]arenes with halogen bond donor groups as selective and efficient anion transporters</strong> by A. Singh, A. Torres-Huerta, T. Vanderlinden, N. Renier, L. Martínez-Crespo, N. Tumanov, J. Wouters, K. Bartik, I. Jabin, H. Valkenier, <em>Chem. Commun.</em> <strong>2022</strong>, doi:10.1039/D2CC008472E,</p> <p>containing:</p> <ul> <li>A file with the structures of compounds <strong>1</strong>-<strong>5</strong> (PDF)</li> <li>NMR spectra for the characterisation of compounds <strong>1a</strong>, <strong>1b</strong>, <strong>1c</strong>, <strong>2</strong>, and <strong>3</strong> (Mestrenova files)</li> <li>NMR spectra for the titration experiments with compounds <strong>1</strong><strong>-5</strong> in different solvents (Mestrenova files)</li> <li>Concentrations of Host and Guests in the various titration experiments (Excel file)</li> <li>Transport data in the lucigenin assay (Excel file)</li> <li>Transport data in the HPTS assay (Excel file)</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <div> </div>
Accompnaying Dataset for: Chemical Heredity as Group Selection at the Molecular Level
<p>Accompnaying Dataset for: Chemical Heredity as Group Selection at the Molecular Level. File descriptions are provided in the Appendix of [Markovitch, Witkowski and Virgo; Chemical Heredity as Group Selection at the Molecular Level, arXiv (2018)] (https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.08024).</p>
Dataset: Selective Insurance Group, Inc. (SIGIP) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Dataset: Selective Insurance Group, Inc. (SIGI) Stock Performance
This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.
Reference map illustrating the major Philippine faunal regions as defined by the Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complexes (PAICs). Selected island groups, such as the Babuyans, Batanes, the Romblon Island Group (RIG), and the Sulu Archipelago, are also indicated. in Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature
Reference map illustrating the major Philippine faunal regions as defined by the Pleistocene Aggregate Island Complexes (PAICs). Selected island groups, such as the Babuyans, Batanes, the Romblon Island Group (RIG), and the Sulu Archipelago, are also indicated.
Figure 3. 46 points are selected on face elements to describe the emotions.-Impact of Ethnic Group on Human Emotion Recognition Using Backpropagation Neural Network
<p>The number of points and the position of points are not standardized, but it is depending on<br> the features that will be extracted, and used for the classifier. Many researches use various number<br> of points and positions based on their view about the feature to be considered [13] [18] [19]. Figure<br> 3 shows the points we used.</p>
BRAIN Journal-The Presence and Activity on Facebook of the Informative Travel Organizations in Romania-Figure 1. Selected Romanian counties in order to strengthen the target group of tourism organizations with informative role
<p>In this regard, we analysed the current state of presence and communication on Facebook for<br> 109 informative tourism entities located in 25 Romanian counties, selected on the basis of tourist<br> traffic indicators for the period between 2007 and 2013. The structure of the 109 organizations<br> analysed is: 43 tourist information centers (39.45%), 44 entities with the name of the association for<br> tourism promotion, ecotourism promotion, mountaineering promotion etc. (40.36%), 18 tourism<br> clubs (16.51%) and 4 tourist information points/offices (3.67%)</p>
Text-fig. 7. Stratigraphic ranges of selected, biostratigraphically relevant taxa from Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian of Saar-Nahe Basin. Based on data from Kerp and Fichter (1985), Lausberg et al. (2003), Schindler et al. (2004), Kerp et al. (2007a, b), Cleal (2008) and Uhl (2008). Absolute age of 300.0 ± 1.2 Ma in middle of Remigiusberg Formation based on Ar-Ar dating of sanidins published by Burger et al. (1997). in New Data On The Macroflora Of The Basal Rotliegend Group (Remigiusberg Formation; Gzhelian) In The Saar-Nahe Basin (Sw-Germany)
Text-fig. 7. Stratigraphic ranges of selected, biostratigraphically relevant taxa from Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian of Saar-Nahe Basin. Based on data from Kerp and Fichter (1985), Lausberg et al. (2003), Schindler et al. (2004), Kerp et al. (2007a, b), Cleal (2008) and Uhl (2008). Absolute age of 300.0 ± 1.2 Ma in middle of Remigiusberg Formation based on Ar-Ar dating of sanidins published by Burger et al. (1997).
Text-fig. 6. Selected carpological remains from Remigiusberg Formation. A) cf. Samaropsis sp., Inv.-Nr. PB 2016/5038 LS (LS-RLP); B) cf. Samaropsis sp., Inv.-Nr. PB 2016/5029a LS (LS-RLP). in New Data On The Macroflora Of The Basal Rotliegend Group (Remigiusberg Formation; Gzhelian) In The Saar-Nahe Basin (Sw-Germany)
Text-fig. 6. Selected carpological remains from Remigiusberg Formation. A) cf. Samaropsis sp., Inv.-Nr. PB 2016/5038 LS (LS-RLP); B) cf. Samaropsis sp., Inv.-Nr. PB 2016/5029a LS (LS-RLP).
Selective sweeps identification in distinct groups of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) germplasm provides potential candidate genes for crop improvement
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>During domestication and subsequent improvement, plants were subjected to intensive positive selection for desirable traits. Identification of selection targets is important with respect to the future targeted broadening of diversity in breeding programmes. Rye (<em>Secale</em> <em>cereale</em> L.) is a cereal that is closely related to wheat, and it is an important crop in Central, Eastern and Northern Europe. The aim of the study was (i) to identify diverse groups of rye accessions based on high-density, genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity within a set of 478 rye accessions, covering a full spectrum of diversity within the genus, from wild accessions to inbred lines used in hybrid breeding, and (ii) to identify selective sweeps in the established groups of cultivated rye germplasm and putative candidate genes targeted by selection. <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Population structure and genetic diversity analyses based on high-quality SNP (DArTseq) markers revealed the presence of three complexes in the <em>Secale</em> genus: <em>S. sylvestre, S. strictum </em>and<em> S. cereale/vavilovii</em>, a relatively narrow diversity of <em>S. sylvestre</em>, very high diversity of <em>S. strictum</em>, and signatures of strong positive selection in <em>S. vavilovii</em>. Within cultivated ryes, we detected the presence of genetic clusters and the influence of improvement status on the clustering. Rye landraces represent a reservoir of variation for breeding, and especially a distinct group of landraces from Turkey should be of special interest as a source of untapped variation. Selective sweep detection in cultivated accessions identified 133 outlier positions within 13 sweep regions and 170 putative candidate genes related, among others, to response to various environmental stimuli (such as pathogens, drought, cold), plant fertility and reproduction (pollen sperm cell differentiation, pollen maturation, pollen tube growth), and plant growth and biomass production.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Our study provides valuable information for efficient management of rye germplasm collections, which can help to ensure proper safeguarding of their genetic potential and provides numerous novel candidate genes targeted by selection in cultivated rye for further functional characterisation and allelic diversity studies.</p>
Figure 1 in Inter-group conflicts involving adult female and male bearded capuchins, Sapajus libidinosus (Primates: Cebidae), in the context of provisioned resources: resource defense or sexual selection?
Figure 1. The study site is an isolated fragment of forest, surrounded by an urban matrix: Bosque Bougainville in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Source: ArcGIS Data and Maps©.
Selective sweeps identification in distinct groups of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) germplasm provides potential candidate genes for crop improvement
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Data from: Behavioral hypervolumes of predator groups and predator-predator interactions shape prey survival rates and selection on prey behavior
Predator-prey interactions often vary on the basis of the traits of the individual predators and prey involved. Here we examine whether the multidimensional behavioral diversity of predator groups shapes prey mortality rates and selection on prey behavior. We ran individual sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) through three behavioral assays to characterize individuals' behavioral phenotype along three axes. We then created groups that varied in the volume of behavioral space that they occupied. We further manipulated the ability of predators to interact with one another physically via the addition of barriers. Prey snails (Chlorostome funebralis) were also run through an assay to evaluate their predator avoidance behavior before their use in mesocosm experiments. We then subjected pools of prey to predator groups and recorded the number of prey consumed and their behavioral phenotypes. We found that predator-predator interactions changed survival selection on prey traits: when predators were prevented from interacting, more fearful snails had higher survival rates, whereas prey fearfulness had no effect on survival when predators were free to interact. We also found that groups of predators that occupied a larger volume in behavioral trait space consumed 35% more prey snails than homogeneous predator groups. Finally, we found that behavioral hypervolumes were better predictors of prey survival rates than single behavioral traits or other multivariate statistics (i.e., principal component analysis). Taken together, predator-predator interactions and multidimensional behavioral diversity determine prey survival rates and selection on prey traits in this system.
Size-selective mortality induces evolutionary changes in group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a fish
<p>1. Intensive and trait-selective mortality of fish and wildlife can cause evolutionary changes in a range of life-history and behavioral traits. These changes might in turn alter the circadian system due to coevolutionary mechanisms or correlated selection responses both at behavioral and molecular levels, with knock-on effects on daily physiological processes and behavioral outputs.</p> <p>2. We examined the evolutionary impact of size-selective harvesting on group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a model fish species. We exposed zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) to either large or small size-selective harvesting relative to a control over five generations, followed by eight generations during which harvesting halted to remove maternal effects.</p> <p>3. Size-selective mortality affected fine-scale timing of behaviors. In particular, small size-selective mortality, typical of specialized fisheries and gape-limited predators targeting smaller size classes, increased group risk-taking behavior during feeding and after simulated predator attacks. Moreover, small size-selective mortality increased early peaks of daily activity as well as extended self-feeding daily activity to the photophase compared to controls. By contrast large size-selective mortality, typical of most wild capture fisheries, only showed an almost significant effect of decreasing group risk-taking behavior during the habituation phase and no clear changes in fine-scale timing of daily behavioral rhythms compared to controls.</p> <p>4. We also found changes in the molecular circadian core clockwork in response to both size selective mortality treatments. These changes disappeared in the clock output pathway because both size-selected lines showed similar transcription profiles. This switch downstream to the molecular circadian core clockwork also resulted in similar overall behavioral rhythms (diurnal swimming and self-feeding in the last hours of darkness) independent of the underlying molecular clock.</p> <p>5. To conclude, our experimental harvest left an asymmetrical evolutionary legacy in group risk-taking behavior and in fine-scale daily behavioral rhythms. Yet, the overall timing of activity showed evolutionary resistance probably maintained by a molecular switch. Our experimental findings suggest that size-selective mortality can have consequences for behavior and physiological processes.</p>
Figure 17. Selected, sequential frames from a 25 in Maratus playa, a new peacock spider in the fimbriatus group from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 17. Selected, sequential frames from a 25 fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus playa. Arrows indicate the direction of movement (stepping or pivoting at ~2.2 Hz) relative to the previous position.
Figure 16. Selected, sequential frames from a 25 in Maratus playa, a new peacock spider in the fimbriatus group from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 16. Selected, sequential frames from a 25 fps video of courtship display by a male Maratus playa. Arrows indicate the direction of movement (stepping or pivoting at ~3 Hz) relative to the previous position.
Strength of sexual selection and sex roles vary between social groups in a coral reef cardinalfish
<p>The strength and direction of sexual selection can vary among populations. However, spatial variability is rarely explored at the level of the social group. Here we investigate sexual selection and sex roles in the paternally mouthbrooding, socially monogamous, and site-attached pajama cardinalfish, <em>Sphaeramia nematoptera</em>. Females were larger, more aggressive, and had a longer dorsal fin filament, indicating reversed sex roles. At the scale of social groups, we show the Bateman gradient and reproductive variance depending on the sex ratio and size of the groups. In small and medium-sized groups with balanced or male-biased sex ratios, Bateman gradients were steeper for females, whereas gradients were equally steep for both sexes in large groups or when the sex ratio was female-biased. For both sexes, reproductive variance increased with group size and with a higher male-to-female sex ratio. In <em>S. nematoptera</em>, mating opportunities outside the socially monogamous pair appear to impact sexual selection. We conclude that the strength and direction of sexual selection can be masked by social dynamics in group-living species when considering only population and large-scale demographic processes.</p>
Figure 20. Selected sequential frames from a 25 in Maratus candens, a new peacock spider in the linnaei group from southwestern Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 20. Selected sequential frames from a 25fps video of the Fan dance of a male Maratus candens. As in Figure 16, green arrows indicate the lower positions of the opisthosoma, touching the underlying surface at least once per cycle (4 down+up cycles/16.08s or 0.25Hz). Movement of the opisthosoma is not completely smooth, but includes some low-amplitude waving or bobbing (Figure 22). The attentive female (♀ #1) can be seen in the foreground.
Living in mixed-sex groups limits sexual selection in coloration and pelage appendages in bovids
<p>Among mammals, bovids provide some of the most striking examples of sexual dimorphism in colouration and pelage appendages, such as beards and manes. This dimorphism is usually assumed to have evolved through sexual selection on males in the context of intra- or intersexual communication. However, the sexes look similar in several bovid species thought to be characterized by large opportunities for sexual selection, hinting at fitness costs of dimorphic traits due to other selection pressures. This study applies the comparative method with phylogenetic control to identify the factors promoting and constraining the evolution of dimorphism in colouration and pelage appendages across bovids. We found that trait dimorphism correlated positively with large breeding group size, an indicator of the intensity of sexual selection, and negatively with male territoriality, which is also likely to affect the operation of sexual selection. The relative rarity of colour and pelage dimorphism in species with territorial mating systems may be explained by weaker sexual selection due to difficulty in monopolizing females and/or sexual selection targeting other traits, such as territorial quality as an extended phenotype. We also found that colour and pelage dimorphism were reduced in species spending more time in mixed-sex groups outside the breeding season, possibly due to increased predation costs from non-uniformity This suggests that benefits from integration into mixed-sex groups select against the extravagant male morphologies otherwise promoted by sexual selection.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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