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228 results for “guppies”
Historical distribution and current drivers of guppy occurrence in Brazil
<p>This data set was used in the paper "Historical distribution and current drivers of guppy occurrence in Brazil". The file consist of occurrence records of <em>Poecilia reticulata</em> in Brazil over different time periods. In order to evaluate the historical and current distribution of <em>P. reticulata,</em> we searched for occurrence records in two major data sources. We first compiled data from all the studies cited in the recent comprehensive review of studies of Brazilian stream fish assemblages (Dias et al., 2016). We performed this search by using electronic databases and search engines (i.e., Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and Scielo) to look for primary studies and published papers from Brazilian journals that provide occurrence records of <em>P. reticulata</em> in Brazil. We also used combinations of the following search terms, in English and Portuguese: “guppy fish”, “non-native”, “nonindigenous aquatic species”, and “<em>Poecilia reticulata”; </em>this second search provided additional published papers mentioning this species in Brazilian territory. Both the papers and supplementary information were screened in order to find the geographical coordinates of the sampling points where this species has been detected. As a third data source, we used all the available records of <em>P. reticulata</em> from the SpeciesLink website (http://splink.cria.org.br/, accessed 2016), which aggregates species occurrence data from major biological collections worldwide, including those from Brazilian institutions. We extracted from this platform all the associated informations (e.g., the location and the associated geographical coordinates; the sampling dates containing year, month, and day; and the names of researchers who composed the sampling teams). From these three sources, we created a database of the occurrence of <em>P. reticulata</em> in Brazil.</p> <p>Some records were excluded because the geographical coordinates and/or sampling dates were not provided in detail, or could not be determined directly or from information in the publication itself (Dias et al., 2016). Overall, incomplete and discarded records comprised only 0.7% (12 out of 1649 records) of our dataset. We further used the sampling dates and associated collector information to remove duplicate records from the database. By this means, multiple records of <em>P. reticulata</em> with the identical geographical coordinates were compared in terms of the sampling day, month, year, and collector(s). If all the information was identical, only one record was included. On the other hand, multiple records of <em>P. reticulata</em> from the same location but with different dates and collectors were retained in the final database. This final database was composed of 1402 records and was used to investigate the occurrence of <em>P. reticulata</em> over time.</p> <p>References</p> <p>Dias, M. S., J. Zuanon, T. B. A. Couto, M. Carvalho, L. N. Carvalho, H. M. V. Espírito-Santo, R. Frederico, R. P. Leitão, A. F. Mortati, T. H. S. Pires, G. Torrente-Vilara, J. do Vale, M. B. dos Anjos, F. P. Mendonça, & P. A. Tedesco, 2016. Trends in studies of Brazilian stream fish assemblages. Natureza & Conservação 14: 106–111.</p>
On the genetic architecture of rapidly adapting and convergent life history traits in guppies
<p>The genetic basis of traits shapes and constrains how adaptation proceeds in nature; rapid adaptation can be facilitated by polygenic traits, which subsequently provide multiple, redundant, genetic routes to adaptive phenotypes, reducing re-use of the same genes (genetic convergence). Guppy life history traits evolve rapidly and convergently among natural high- (HP) and low-predation (LP) environments in northern Trinidad. This system has been studied extensively at the phenotypic level, but little is known about the underlying genetic architecture. Here, we use an F2 QTL design to examine the genetic basis of seven (five female, two male) guppy life history phenotypes to assess whether the genetic architecture of these traits reflects theoretical predictions. We use RAD-sequencing data (16,539 SNPs) from 370 male and 267 female F2 individuals. We perform linkage mapping, estimates of genome-wide and per-chromosome heritability (multi-locus associations), and QTL ma pping (single-locus associations). Our results are consistent with architectures of many-loci of small effect for male age and size at maturity and female interbrood period. Male trait associations are clustered on specific chromosomes, but female interbrood period exhibits a weak genome-wide signal suggesting a potentially highly polygenic component. Offspring weight and female size at maturity are also associated with a single significant QTL each. These results suggest rapid phenotypic evolution of guppies may be facilitated by polygenic trait architectures, but these could fuel redundancy and limit gene re-use across populations, in agreement with an absence of strong signatures of genetic convergence from recent population genomic analyses of wild HP-LP guppies.</p>
Personality, sperm traits and a test for their combined dependence on male condition in guppies
<p>There is evidence that animal personality traits can have spill-over effects for sexual selection, with studies reporting that male behavioural types are associated with success during pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection. Given these links between personality and sexual traits, and the evidence that their expression can depend on an individual's nutritional status (i.e. condition), a novel prediction is that changes in a male's diet should alter both the average expression of personality and sexual traits, and their covariance. We tested these predictions using the guppy Poecilia reticulata, a species previously shown to exhibit strong condition dependence in ejaculate traits and a positive correlation between sperm production and individual variation in boldness. Contrary to expectation, we found that dietary restriction – when administered in mature adult males – did not affect the expression of either behavioural (boldness and activity) or ejaculate traits, although we did find that males subjected to dietary stress exhibited a positive association between sperm velocity and boldness that was not apparent in the unrestricted diet group. This latter finding points to possible context-dependent patterns of covariance between sexually selected and personality traits, which may have implications for patterns of selection and evolutionary processes under fluctuating environmental conditions.</p>
Size-selective harvesting affects the immunocompetence of guppies exposed to the parasite Gyrodactylus
<p>Harvesting is typically positively size-selective, targeting large individuals. This is expected to lead to reduced average body size and earlier maturation, i.e., faster life histories. Such changes can also affect traits seemingly unrelated to harvesting, including immunocompetence. The pace-of-life syndrome predicts that faster life histories are correlated with decreased immunocompetence, i.e., a negative association between positively size-selective harvesting and immunocompetence. However, the energetic trade-off between early growth and immunocompetence suggests the opposite pattern. Here, we empirically evaluated these predictions using an experimental system consisting of the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus turnbulli and lines of guppies Poecilia reticulata that had been subjected to either positively, randomly, or negatively size-selective harvest. We followed the infection progression of individually infected fish for 15 days. We found significant differences between the harvested lines: fish from the negative size-selection lines had the highest parasite loads. During the early phase of the infection, parasite loads were the lowest in the positive-harvested lines, whereas the terminal loads were the lowest for the randomly harvested lines. These results agree with the predictions from the energetic trade-off hypothesis but contradict with the pace-of-life syndrome ones. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the consequences of size-selective harvesting on immunocompetence.</p>
Black and orange coloration predict success during male-male competition in the guppy
<p>Investigating how both intrasexual competition and intersexual mate choice act within a single system is crucial to understanding the maintenance and diversity of sexually-dimorphic traits. These two processes can act in concert by selecting for the same trait, or in opposition by selecting for different extremes of the same trait; they can also act on different traits, potentially increasing overall trait complexity. We asked whether male-male competition and female mate choice act on the same male traits using Trinidadian guppies, which exhibit complex male-limited color patterns and sexual size dimorphism. We used behavioral assays to assess the relationship between color and male competitive success and then compared our results to the plethora of data on female choice and male color in our study population. We found that males initiated more contests if they were larger than their competitor. Males won contests more often if they had more black coloration than their competitor, and the effect of black was stronger when the male had less orange than his competitor. Additionally, males won more often if they had either more structural color (iridescence) and more orange, or less structural color and less orange than their competitor, suggesting multiple combinations of color traits predict success. Females from our study population exhibit strong preferences for orange coloration. Thus, traits favored in male contests differ from those favored by intersexual selection in this population. Our results suggest that mate choice and male-male competition together promote increased color pattern complexity in this species.</p>
Figure 1 in Effect of the Guppy, Poecilia reticulata, on Oviposition of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Figure 1. (A) Average numbers (±SE) of egg rafts laid by Culex quinquefasciatus in treatment (with one mosquito fish) and control (without mosquito fish), and (B) average per night (±SE) of gravid Culex quinquefasciatus females collected in gravid traps (treatment: 10 mosquito fish; control: without mosquito fish). Both vertical bars represent standard error.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Crispin S. Guppy Collection.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Crispin S. Guppy Collection". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/8463b732-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/8463b732-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/8463b732-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a">https://gbif.org/dataset/8463b732-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Figure 12. Spondylus bostrychites Guppy, 1867 in Phylogeny of families in the Pectinoidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia): importance of the fossil record
Figure 12. Spondylus bostrychites Guppy, 1867, Gurabo Fm, Dominican Republic, Lower Pliocene, USNM(P) 530054. A, hinge of the right valve; B, hinge of the matching left valve. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Data for: Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies, Poecilia reticulata
<p>While the link between the gut microbiome and host behaviour is well established, how the microbiomes of other organs correlate with behaviour remains unclear. Additionally, behaviour–microbiome correlations are likely sex-specific because of sex differences in behaviour and physiology, but this is rarely tested. Here, we tested whether the skin microbiome of the Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata , predicts fish activity level and shoaling tendency in a sex-specific manner. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the bacterial community richness on the skin (Faith's phylogenetic diversity) was correlated with both behaviours differently between males and females. Females with richer skin-associated bacterial communities spent less time actively swimming. Activity level was significantly correlated with community membership (unweighted UniFrac), with the relative abundances of 16 bacterial taxa significantly negatively correlated with activity level. We found no association between skin microbiome and behaviours among male fish. This sex-specific relationship between the skin microbiome and host behaviour may indicate sex-specific physiological interactions with the skin microbiome. More broadly, sex specificity in host–microbiome interactions could give insight into the forces shaping the microbiome and its role in the evolutionary ecology of the host.</p>
Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Changes in environmental conditions can shift the costs and benefits of aggregation or interfere with the sensory perception of near neighbours. This affects group cohesion with potential impacts on the benefits of collective behaviour such as reduced predation risk. Organisms are rarely exposed to one stressor in isolation, yet there are only a few studies exploring the interactions between multiple stressors and their effects on social behaviour. Here we tested the effects of increased water temperature and turbidity on refuge use and three measures of aggregation in guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), increasing temperature and turbidity in isolation or in combination. When stressors were elevated in isolation, the distribution of fish within the arena as measured by the index of dispersion became more aggregated at higher temperatures but less aggregated when turbidity was increased. Another measure of cohesion at the global scale, the mean inter-individual distance, also indicated that fish were less aggregated in turbid water. This is likely due to turbidity acting as a visual constraint, as there was no evidence of a change in risk perception as refuge use was not affected by turbidity. Fish decreased refuge use and were closer to their nearest neighbour at higher temperatures. However, nearest-neighbour distance was not affected by turbidity, suggesting that local-scale interactions can be robust to the moderate increase in turbidity used here (5 NTU) compared to other studies which show a decline in shoal cohesion at higher turbidity (>100 NTU). We did not observe any significant interaction terms between the two stressors, indicating no synergistic or antagonistic effects. Our study suggests that the effects of environmental stressors on social behaviour may be unpredictable and dependent on the metric used to measure cohesion, highlighting the need for mechanistic studies to link behaviour to the physiology and sensory effects of environmental stressors.</p>
Data for: Female foraging strategy co-evolve with sexual harassment intensity in the Trinidadian guppy
<p>Sexual harassment is a widespread evolutionary outcome of sexual conflict over mating rates. Male harassment can impose costs on females, and females often change their behaviors to avoid unwanted attention. In Trinidadian guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>), females experience two potential sources of male harassment: coercive sneak mating behavior (more harmful, and common in high-predation populations) and courtship displays (less harmful, and common in low-predation populations). Here, we tested whether female foraging strategy co-evolves with decreasing levels of male harassment as guppies colonize low-predation environments. We set up outdoor stream mesocosms with ecologically naïve males and females from either a high- or a low-predation population in a 2x2 design and tested whether populations diverge in female response to male harassment. We found that low-predation males used more courtship and fewer sneak tactics than their natural high-predation ancestors. Male sneak behavior reduced female foraging efficiency, and this effect was stronger for high-predation females. We then tested whether a similar pattern evolved in a population where high-predation guppies were artificially introduced to a low-predation habitat 12 years ago. Unexpectedly, the introduced males had evolved decreased courtship and increased sneak tactics. Here, increased male courtship, but not increased sneak behavior, reduced female foraging efficiency, and this effect existed only in the introduced, low-predation population. Altogether, our results suggest that both male mating behaviors harass females to differing degrees; females evolve foraging behavior in response to divergence in male mating strategies, but populations may differ in strategies of enduring or ignoring unwanted attention. </p>
Temperature and turbidity interact synergistically to alter anti-predator behaviour in the Trinidadian guppy
<p>Due to climate change, freshwater habitats are facing increasing temperatures and more extreme weather that disrupts water flow. Together with eutrophication and sedimentation from farming, quarrying and urbanisation, freshwaters are becoming more turbid as well as warmer. Predators and prey need to be able to respond to one another adaptively, yet how changes in temperature and turbidity interact to affect predator-prey behaviour remains unexplored. Using a fully factorial design, we tested the combined effects of increased temperature and turbidity on the behaviour of guppy shoals (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>) in the presence of one of their natural cichlid predators, the blue acara (<em>Andinoacara</em> <em>pulcher</em>). Our results demonstrate that the prey and predator were in closest proximity in warmer, turbid water, with an interaction between these stressors showing a greater than additive effect. There was also an interaction between the stressors in the inter-individual distances between the prey, where shoal cohesion increased with temperature in clear water, but decreased when temperature increased in turbid water. The closer proximity to predators and reduction in shoaling in turbid, warmer water may increase the risk of predation for the guppy, suggesting that the combined effects of elevated temperature and turbidity may favour predators rather than prey.</p>
Immune challenge affects reproductive behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Immunocompetence and reproductive success are among the most important determinants of fitness in animals. However, energetic and metabolic constraints create conflict between these two priorities. The trade-off between immunity and reproductive fitness has been the subject of great scientific interest over many decades. While a number of studies exploring the relationship between immune activity and reproductive fitness/behaviour have been conducted using birds and mammals inoculated with bacterial endotoxin (LPS), relatively few have focussed on fish. This presents a conspicuous gap in our understanding of how immune activity affects reproduction in vertebrates more generally. Fish have been experimentally neglected in this area due, in part, to the claim that fish are largely resistant to the immune effects of endotoxins, and thus presumably suffer negligible behavioural effects. While the immune response to endotoxins may differ somewhat between fish and terrestrial vertebrates, the findings here suggest that they are nonetheless susceptible to significant behavioural effects with respect to reproduction. In this study, we show that although immune challenge does not suppress general activity in male guppies, it significantly reduces reproductive effort. As such, it is important to expand the examination of these processes to a greater diversity of vertebrate species, including fish.</p>
Microhabitat conditions drive uncertainty of risk and shape neophobic responses in Trinidadian guppies, Poecilia reticulata
<p>In response to uncertain risks, prey may rely on neophobic phenotypes to reduce the costs associated with the lack of information regarding local conditions. Neophobia has been shown to be driven by information reliability, ambient risk, and predator diversity, all of which shape uncertainty of risk. We similarly expect environmental conditions to shape uncertainty by interfering with information availability. In order to test how environmental variables might shape neophobic responses in Trinidadian guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), we conducted an in situ field experiment of two high-predation risk guppy populations designed to determine how the "average" and "variance" of several environmental factors might influence the neophobic response to novel predator models and/or novel foraging patches. Our results suggest neophobia is shaped by water velocity, microhabitat complexity, pool width and depth, as well as substrate diversity and heterogeneity. Moreover, we found differential effects of the "average" and "variance" environmental variables on food- and predator-related neophobia. Our study highlights that assessment of neophobic drivers should consider predation risk, various microhabitat conditions, and neophobia being tested. Neophobic phenotypes are expected to increase the probability of prey survival and reproductive success (i.e. fitness), and are therefore likely linked to population health and species survival. Understanding the drivers and consequences of uncertainty of risk is an increasingly pressing issue, as ecological uncertainty increases with the combined effects of climate change, anthropogenic disturbances, and invasive species. </p>
Personality, sperm traits and a test for their combined dependence on male condition in guppies
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Data for: Skin bacterial microbiome diversity predicts lower activity levels in female, but not male, guppies, Poecilia reticulata
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Temperature and turbidity interact synergistically to alter anti-predator behaviour in the Trinidadian guppy
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Data for: Female foraging strategy co-evolve with sexual harassment intensity in the Trinidadian guppy
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Immune challenge affects reproductive behaviour in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
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Black and orange coloration predict success during male-male competition in the guppy
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