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10 results for “habitat configuration”
Plant response to habitat amount and configuration in Swedish forests
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: There is an intense debate about whether habitat fragmentation has a negative or positive effect on biodiversity. We examined whether species richness and<br> incidence of forest plants were negatively or positively associated with fragmented forest configuration. We also analysed whether the results support the fragmentation<br> threshold hypothesis with fragmentation effects only in landscapes with small habitat amount.<br> <strong>Location</strong>: Södermanland province, south-eastern Sweden (8,388 km<sup>2</sup>).<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Data consisted of plant distribution maps and landscape data on forest amount and configuration in 2.5 km × 2.5 km quadrats. We carried out models including<br> forest area together with clumpiness index (CL models) or edge density (ED models) as the measure of habitat configuration. We focused on plant taxa with positive association between incidence and forest area (163 taxa in CL models; 119 taxa in ED models).<br> <strong>Results</strong>: Responses to fragmented configuration were negative more often than by random (33 and 22 taxa in CL and ED models, respectively; includes only models without significant forest area × configuration interaction), whereas positive responses were rare (four taxa in both models). When forest area × configuration interaction was significant, the most common response had a negative effect of fragmented configuration when forest area was low and no effect of configuration when forest<br> area was high, which agrees with the fragmentation threshold hypothesis. Species richness also had this type of response. In another common interactive response, the<br> effect of fragmented configuration was negative at low forest area and positive at high forest area.<br> <strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Responses to fragmented forest configuration, when significant, were usually negative. When responses to fragmented configuration were modulated by forest area, they were negative when forest area was low. The findings of complex interaction between forest area and configuration have implications for selection of appropriate patch sizes in sustainable forest management.</p>
Plant response to habitat amount and configuration in Swedish forests
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Data from: Indirect effects of habitat amount mediated by habitat configuration determine bat diversity at the landscape-scale in Peninsular Malaysia
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Data from: The impact of spatial scale and habitat configuration on patterns of trait variation and local adaptation in a wild plant parasite
Theory indicates that spatial scale and habitat configuration are fundamental for coevolutionary dynamics and how diversity is maintained in host–pathogen interactions. Yet, we lack empirical data to translate the theory to natural host–parasite systems. In this study, we conduct a multiscale cross-inoculation study using the specialist wild plant pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis on its host plant Plantago lanceolata. We apply the same sampling scheme to a region with highly fragmented (Åland) and continuous (Saaremaa) host populations. Although theory predicts higher parasite virulence in continuous regions, we did not detect differences in traits conferring virulence among the regions. Patterns of adaptation were highly scale dependent. We detected parasite maladaptation among regions, and among populations separated by intermediate distances (6.0–40.0 km) within the fragmented region. In contrast, parasite performance did not vary significantly according to host origin in the continuous landscape. For both regions, differentiation among populations was much larger for genetic variation than for phenotypic variation, indicating balancing selection maintaining phenotypic variation within populations. Our findings illustrate the critical role of spatial scale and habitat configuration in driving host–parasite coevolution. The absence of more aggressive strains in the continuous landscape, in contrast to theoretical predictions, has major implications for long-term decision making in conservation, agriculture, and public health.
Data from: The relative influence of habitat amount and configuration on genetic structure across multiple spatial scales
Despite strong interest in understanding how habitat spatial structure shapes the genetics of populations, the relative importance of habitat amount and configuration for patterns of genetic differentiation remains largely unexplored in empirical systems. In this study, we evaluate the relative influence of, and interactions among, the amount of habitat and aspects of its spatial configuration on genetic differentiation in the pitcher plant midge, Metriocnemus knabi. Larvae of this species are found exclusively within the water-filled leaves of pitcher plants (Sarracenia purpurea) in a system that is naturally patchy at multiple spatial scales (i.e., leaf, plant, cluster, peatland). Using generalized linear mixed models and multimodel inference, we estimated effects of the amount of habitat, patch size, interpatch distance, and patch isolation, measured at different spatial scales, on genetic differentiation (FST) among larval samples from leaves within plants, plants within clusters, and clusters within peatlands. Among leaves and plants, genetic differentiation appears to be driven by female oviposition behaviors and is influenced by habitat isolation at a broad (peatland) scale. Among clusters, gene flow is spatially restricted and aspects of both the amount of habitat and configuration at the focal scale are important, as is their interaction. Our results suggest that both habitat amount and configuration can be important determinants of genetic structure and that their relative influence is scale dependent.
Data from: The impact of spatial scale and habitat configuration on patterns of trait variation and local adaptation in a wild plant parasite
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Data from: The relative influence of habitat amount and configuration on genetic structure across multiple spatial scales
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Spatial heterogeneity and habitat configuration overcome habitat composition influences on alpha and beta mammal diversity
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Data from: Effects of climate change on habitat availability and configuration for an endemic coastal alpine bird
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Flowering plant communities mediate the effects of habitat composition and configuration on wild pollinator communities
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