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82 results for “habitat connectivity”
Fig. 2 in Influence of habitat connectivity and seasonality on the ichthyofauna structure of a riverine knickzone
Fig. 2. Non-metric multidimensional plots of the abundance of fish assemblage sampled in isolated (I) and connected (C) pools during the rainy and dry season in the Sapucaí-Mirim River knickzone, Southeast Brazil.
A habitat connectivity reality check for fish physical habitat model results and decision making for river restoration
<ol> <li>Fish physical habitat models are a tool for guiding restoration efforts in lotic ecosystems but often they overestimate restoration outcomes because currently they do not incorporate habitat connectivity. This persistent issue can, in extreme cases, result in little or no improvement to fish populations after the restoration, wasting valuable conservation resources.</li> <li>We present a case study where practitioners applied a fish habitat model for multiple life history stages of gravel spawning fishes to a 52 kilometer stretch of the Iller River but did so at a microscale implementation (every 200 meters). This approach provided an opportunity to assess the connectivity of gravel spawning fishes to find suitable habitats for all life history stages and seasonal movements.</li> <li>We used the assessed habitat estimates (availability of distinct habitat types within the 200 m reaches) to calculate the minimum distance a fish would need to go as it hypothetically “grew up” from egg to full spawning adult. We call this technique a reality check as it results in a decisive understanding of which areas were ultimately necessary to fulfill the life cycle of gravel spawning fishes, which standard assessments do not show.</li> <li>Our results show that complete connectivity still require long movement distances for vulnerable life stages to find suitable habitat. This contradicts standard practice, as restoration schemes and decision making often assume that connectivity inherently leads to more fish production without added habitat restoration.</li> <li>We recommend practitioners should perform this habitat connectivity approach when assessments implement fish habitat suitability models at similar scales. As a result, decision makers can evaluate proposed restoration sites and measures more realistically.</li> </ol>
Data from: Large carnivores persisting in a human-dominated landscape: Suitable habitat and connectivity for Asiatic black bears in China
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Landscape connectivity, habitat isolation, and tick-borne pathogen ecology
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Habitat association predicts population connectivity and persistence in flightless beetles: a population genomics approach within a dynamic archipelago
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Data from: Immediate genetic augmentation and enhanced habitat connectivity are required to secure the future of an iconic endangered freshwater fish population
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Data from: A landscape genetics approach reveals species-specific connectivity patterns for stream insects in fragmented habitats
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Habitat fragmentation affects plant-arthropod interactions through connectivity loss and edge effects
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Data from: Increased habitat connectivity homogenizes freshwater communities: historical and landscape perspectives
1. Increases in habitat connectivity can have consequences for taxonomic, functional, and genetic diversity of communities. Previously isolated aquatic habitats were connected with canals and pipelines in the largest water development project in US history, the Columbia Basin Project (eastern Washington, USA), which also altered environmental conditions; however, the ecological consequences are largely unknown. 2. Using a historical dataset, we examined long-term patterns in zooplankton communities, water chemistry and clarity, testing the hypothesis that increased connectivity will result in taxonomic homogenization. Further, we tested contemporary drivers of communities using a comprehensive set of environmental and landscape variables. 3. Waterbodies were sampled for zooplankton community composition as well as physical and chemical variables inside and outside the Columbia Basin Project using methods consistent with historical studies. 4. We found significant declines in salinity inside the Columbia Basin Project, whereas changes in water clarity were prevalent across all waterbodies. Increased connectivity via canals homogenized zooplankton communities over time, as well as increasing regional richness. Other long-term changes in zooplankton communities may be related to climate change, invasive species, and land-use changes. 5. Synthesis and applications. Though canals may offer species spatial refugia, homogenization may decrease resilience to environmental stressors. These new hybrid aquatic landscapes, or hydroscapes, should be considered carefully in future water development, including specific plans for monitoring of species and environmental conditions, as well as mitigation of undesirable conditions and/or non-native species.
Data from: Seed dispersal mode and habitat connectivity underpin variation in carbon stocking between Brazilian biomes
<p>In tropical forests, about 60 to 80% of woody plant species depend on animal-plant interactions for dispersal. The dependence on animal species for dispersal makes this interaction very fragile in the face of anthropogenic changes in land use. Disrupting seed dispersal processes, principally zoochoric dispersal, could significantly alter the long-term carbon storage potential of tropical forests. An important question is how landscape structure changes tree carbon stocks in different types of tropical vegetation and how variation is mediated by the dispersal mode of animal (zoochoric) or abiotic (non-zoochoric) seeds. We focused on tree plots at 126 sites in Brazil spanning four types of forest and savanna vegetation, and calculated carbon stored in zoochoric, non-zoochoric, and large frugivore-dispersed species. Our results showed that carbon stocks in zoochoric species and non-zoochoric species differ significantly among vegetation types, with rainforests having higher stocks in zoochoric species and semideciduous seasonally dry tropical forests having higher values in non-zoochoric species. A greater area of native vegetation promotes higher proportions of carbon stocks dispersed by large frugivore species, whereas a higher mean shape index reduces this proportion. Synthesis: This study highlights that seed-dispersal type underpins the variation in carbon stocks between vegetation types and that the maintenance of habitat of large dispersers and connectivity are key for retaining carbon stocks in zoochoric species, particularly in rainforest and cerrado sensu stricto.</p>
Searching to improve connectivity in fragmented landscapes: Road verges as complementary habitats
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><strong>Aims: </strong>Functional connectivity is crucial for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services in fragmented landscapes. Linear landscape elements play an important role in providing refuge for plants and pollinators, as well as serving as biological corridors.<strong> </strong>The aim of this study was to assess the importance of road verges in maintaining the ecological connectivity of plant species assemblages in the Tandilia mountain system.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>South America. Southern Pampa region of Argentina. Tandilia mountain system.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using graph theory, landscape connectivity was quantified both at landscape scale and at the patch scale using the probability connectivity index (PC<sub>num</sub>), taking into account the dispersal ability of observed species. The contribution of each landscape element to habitat availability and connectivity was evaluated using different fractions of the PC<sub>num</sub> metric. Likewise, the influence of connectivity variables in explaining species assemblages grouped by functional categories was investigated using canonical ordination techniques.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The inclusion of road verges led to an 81% increase in overall connectivity at a threshold distance of 500 m. Connectivity significantly explained the assemblages of entomophilous plant species for all dispersal distances. Annual species assemblage variation was associated with intra-patch connectivity. Variation in perennial and shrub species assemblages was explained by intra-patch and inter-patch connectivity.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preservation and restoration of these linear landscape elements play a pivotal role in transitioning towards more sustainable agroecosystems. This ecological and practical information may help prioritize plant species and the sites used to restore an essential but neglected ecosystem.</p> <p>This dataset includes: </p> <ol> <li>GPS coordinates for sampling sites.</li> <li>Data matrix includes sites x presence-absence of entomophilous plant species for the 54 sampling sites, 20 sierras and 34 rural road verges. The sierras are listed by name, while the road verges are identified by numbers.</li> </ol>
Data from: Predicting habitat suitability and connectivity for management and conservation of urban wildlife: A real-time web application for grassland water voles
<ol> <li>Natural habitats in urban areas provide benefits for both humans and biodiversity. However, to achieve biodiversity gains we require new techniques to determine habitat suitability and ecological connectivity that will inform urban planning and development.</li> <li>Using an example of an urban population of water voles (<i>Arvicola amphibius</i>) we developed a habitat suitability model and a resistance-surface-based model of landscape connectivity to identify potential connectivity between areas of suitable habitat. We then updated the environmental variables according to new urban development plans and used our models to generate spatially explicit predictions of both habitat suitability and connectivity.</li> <li>To make models accessible to urban and conservation planners we developed an interactive mapping tool that provided users with a graphical user interface (GUI) to inform conservation planning for this species.</li> <li>The model found that habitat suitability for water voles was related to distance from key environmental variables, such as built-up areas and urban green spaces, while the connectivity model identified important corridors connecting areas of potential distribution for this species.</li> <li>Future development plans altered the potential spatial distribution of the water vole population, reducing the extent of suitable habitat in some core areas. The interactive mapping tool made available suitable habitat and connectivity maps for conservation managers to assess new planning applications and for the development of a conservation action plan for water voles.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: We believe this approach provides a framework for future development of nature conservation tools that can be used by planners to inform ecological decision making, increase biodiversity and reduce human-wildlife conflict in urban environments.</li> </ol>
Connectivity among thermal habitats buffers the effects of warm climate on life-history traits and population dynamics
<p>1. Contemporary climate change affects population dynamics, but its influence varies with landscape structure. It is still unclear whether landscape fragmentation buffers or enhances the effects of climate on population size and on the age and body size of individuals composing these populations.</p> <p>2. This study aims to investigate the impacts of warm climates on lizard life-history traits and population dynamics in habitats varying in their connectivity.</p> <p>3. We monitored common lizard (<em>Zootoca vivipara</em>) populations for three years in an experimental system in which both climatic conditions and connectivity among habitats were simultaneously manipulated. We considered two climatic treatments (i.e., present-day climate and warm climate (+1.4°C than present-day climate)) and two connectivity treatments (i.e., a connected treatment in which individuals could move from one climate to the other and an isolated treatment in which movement between climates was not possible). We monitored survival, reproduction, growth, dispersal, age and body size of each individual in the system as well as population density through time.</p> <p>4. We found that the influence of warm climates on the life-history traits and population dynamics depended on the connectivity among thermal habitats. Populations in warm climates were i) composed of younger individuals only when isolated; ii) larger in population size only in connected habitats; and iii) composed of larger age-specific individuals independently of the landscape configuration. The connectivity among habitats altered population responses to climate warming likely through asymmetries in the flow and phenotype of dispersers between thermal habitats.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate that landscape fragmentation can drastically change the dynamics and persistence of populations facing climate change.</p>
Immigration credit of temperate forest herbs in fragmented landscapes – implications for restoration of habitat connectivity
<p>1. In many agricultural landscapes, it is important to restore networks of forests to provide habitat and stepping stones for forest specialist taxa. More knowledge is, however, needed on how to facilitate the immigration of such taxa in restored forest patches. Here, we present the first chronosequence study to quantify the dynamics of immigration credits of forest specialist plants in post-arable forest patches.</p> <p>2. We studied the distribution of herbaceous forest specialist plant species in 54 post-arable broadleaved forest patches along gradients of age (20-140 years since forest establishment), distance from ancient forest (0-2600 m) and patch area (0.5-9.6 ha). With Linear Mixed Models we estimated the effects of these factors on species richness, patch means of four dispersal-related plant traits and with Generalized Linear Models on the occurrence of 20 individual species.</p> <p>3. Post-arable forest patch age and spatial isolation from ancient forest, but not patch size, were important predictors for species richness of forest specialists, suggesting that also small patches are valuable for habitat connectivity. Compared to species richness in ancient forest stands, the immigration credit was reduced by more than 90% after 80 years in post-arable forest patches contiguous to ancient forest compared to 40% after 80 years and 60% after 140 years in isolated patches (at least 100 m to next forest). Tall-growing species with adaptations to long-distance dispersal were faster colonizers while species with heavy diaspores and clonal growth were slower to colonize.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: We show that post-arable oak plantations have a high potential for restoration of forest herb vegetation. Dispersal-related plant traits play a key role in explaining interspecific differences among forest specialists. To facilitate forest herb immigration across all functional groups in agricultural landscapes, we suggest to create clusters of relatively small new forest patches nearby older forest with source populations.</p>
Size, connectivity and edge effects of stream habitats explain spatiotemporal variation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) density
<p>Ecological theory postulates that size and isolation of habitat patches impact the colonization/extinction dynamics that determine community species richness and population persistence. Given the key role of lotic habitats for life history completion in rheophilic fish, evaluating how the distribution of swift-flowing habitats affects the abundance and dynamics of subpopulations is essential. Using extensive electrofishing data, we show that merging island biogeography with meta-population theory, where lotic habitats are considered as islands in a lentic matrix, can explain spatiotemporal variation in occurrence and density of brown trout (Salmo trutta). Subpopulations in larger and less isolated habitat patches had higher average densities and smaller between-year density fluctuations. Larger habitat patches also had lower predicted risk of excessive zero catches, indicative of lower extinction risk. Trout density further increased with distance from the edge of adjacent lentic habitats with predator (Esox lucius) presence, suggesting that edge- and matrix-related mortality contributes to the observed patterns. These results can help reduce the negative impacts that habitat loss and fragmentation have on biodiversity, by stressing the importance of suitable habitat size and connectivity, and aid in prioritization of habitat restoration, dam removal and reintroduction programs aimed at vitalizing declining and locally extinct riverine fish populations.</p>
Data from: Seed dispersal mode and habitat connectivity underpin variation in carbon stocking between Brazilian biomes
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Supporting reintroduction planning: A framework integrating habitat suitability, connectivity and individual-based modelling. A case study with the Eurasian lynx in the Apennines
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Size, connectivity and edge effects of stream habitats explain spatiotemporal variation in brown trout (Salmo trutta) density
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Data from: Increased habitat connectivity homogenizes freshwater communities: historical and landscape perspectives
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Data from: Consumer responses to experimental pulsed subsidies in isolated vs. connected habitats
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.