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70 results for “habitat isolation”
Figs 1–5 in A Description of Cochliopodium a Freshwater Habitat megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from
Figs 1–5. Light microscopic and fine structure images of Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. 1–3. Morphology of living C. megatetrastylus n. sp. during locomotion. 1 – locomoting amoebae with anterior hyaloplasm fringe; 2 – morphology of the relatively short subpseudopodia that become adhesive laterally and posteriorly, and attach to the substratum; 3 – aggregation and fusion of amoebae (inset shows a large and nearby small cyst). All scale bars: 20 µm; 4 – fine structure of a cell in cross-section showing the nucleus (N) and prominent nucleolus (Nu), vacuole (V), emergent pseudopodia (Ps) from the ventral surface, and showing scales (arrow) covering the dorsal surface. Scale bar: 2 µm; 5 – tubulo-cristate mitochondria (M) near the cell periphery, coated with surface scales (arrows) shown in profile. Double-headed arrows indicate the distance (~ 0.2 µm) between the bases of a pair of opposite styles that support the apical collar. Scale bar: 0.5 µm.
Figs 6, 7 in A Description of Cochliopodium a Freshwater Habitat megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from
Figs 6, 7. Fine structure details of the nucleus of Cochliopodium megatetrastylus n. sp. 6 – examples of nuclei varying from somewhat rounded with undulating margin to those with lobe-like extensions (arrow); 7 – a lenticular shaped nucleus viewed in one plane of section. Scale bars: 1 µm.
Fig. 10 in A Description of Cochliopodium a Freshwater Habitat megatetrastylus n. sp. Isolated from
Fig. 10. Diagram of C. megatetrastylus n. sp. scale showing the grid-like base plate and the apical conical collar supported on four styles. Scale bar: 0.1 µm.
Fig. 12 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 12. Threats to the isolated hill forests and Cnemaspis species in study areas in Sri Lanka. (A) Illegal forest clearing, (B) fire- wood collection for tea factory, (C) granite mining activities, (D) agricultural fields in slopy areas, (E) tea plantation and highly crowded anthropogenic habitat, and (F) a landslide in mountain areas. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna and Madhava Botejue.
Fig. 11 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 11. General habitats of Cnemaspis kawminiae sp. nov. at Mandaramnuwara, Nuwara-Eliya District, Sri Lanka. (A) Complete view of the granite hill at roadside, (B) small granite cave close to the stream, and (C) granite rock wall along the road. Photos: Madhava Botejue.
Fig. 10 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 10. Holotype male of Cnemaspis kawminiae sp. nov. (NMSL 2018.18.01) in life in-situ. (A) Dorsal view of the full body, and (B) dorsolateral view with labial coloration. Photos: Madhava Botejue.
Fig. 8 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 8. General habitat of Cnemaspis dissanayakai sp. nov. at Dimbulagala isolated hill forest, Polonnaruwa District, Sri Lanka. (A) Complete view of the mountain, (B) abandoned ancient cave building in Kosgahaulpatha, and (C) deep and tall granite tunnel. Photos: Madhava Botejue and Ashan Geeganage.
Fig. 5 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 5. General habitat of Cnemaspis kotagamai sp. nov. at Bambaragala isolated forest hill, Ratnapura District, Sri Lanka. (A) Rock outcrop habitat, (B) abandoned cave building, and (C) deep and tall granite tunnel. Photos: Madhava Botejue.
Fig. 7 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 7. Holotype male of Cnemaspis dissanayakai sp. nov. (NMSL 2018.20.01) in life in-situ in Dimbulagala. (A) Dorsal view of the full body, and (B) ventral view with dirty white coloration. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 9 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 9. Holotype male of Cnemaspis kawminiae sp. nov. (NMSL 2018.18.01). (A) Dorsal head, (B) lateral head, (C) ventral head, (D) homogeneous dorsal scales, (E) scales on lateral surface of trunk, (F) smooth ventral scales, (G) cloacal characters with precloacal pores and femoral pores, (H) lamellae on manus, (I) lamellae on pes, (J) smooth dorsal scalation of tail, (K) lateral side of tail, and (L) very small subcaudals. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 4 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 4. Holotype male of Cnemaspis kotagamai sp. nov. (NMSL 2018.07.01) in life in-situ in Bambaragala. (A) Dorsal view of the full body, and (B) ventral view with scattered yellow coloration. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 6 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 6. Holotype male of Cnemaspis dissanayakai sp. nov. (NMSL 2018.20.01). (A) Dorsal head, (B) lateral head, (C) ventral head, (D) homogeneous dorsal scales, (E) scales on lateral surface of trunk, (F) smooth ventral scales, (G) cloacal characters with precloacal pores and femoral pores, (H) lamellae on manus, (I) lamellae on pes, (J) smooth dorsal scalation of tail, (K) lateral side of tail, and (L) very small smooth subcaudals. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 2 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 2. (A-F) PCA Ordination plots for multivariate morphometric analyses (all pairwise ordination plots for PC1 through PC4 are shown), (G) Scatter plot of PCA between Cnemaspis kotagamai sp. nov. (filled circles), Cnemaspis ingerorum (triangles), and Cnemaspis kallima (filled diamonds), (H) Scatter plot of PCA between Cnemaspis dissanayakai sp. nov. (circles), Cnemaspis latha (filled squares), and Cnemaspis kumarasinghei (stars), (I) Scatter plot of PCA between Cnemaspis kawminiae sp. nov. (squares), Cnemaspis gotaimbarai (filled triangles), and Cnemaspis kumarasinghei (stars).
Fig. 1 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of Cnemaspis dissanayakai sp. nov. (square) from Dimbulagala; Cnemaspis kawminiae sp. nov. (circle) from Mandaramnuwara; and Cnemaspis kotagamai sp. nov. (triangle) from Bambaragala, Sri Lanka.
Fig. 3 in Three new species of day geckos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) from isolated granite cave habitats in Sri Lanka
Fig. 3. Holotype male of Cnemaspis kotagamai sp. nov. (NMSL 2018.15.01). (A) Dorsal head, (B) lateral head, (C) ventral head, (D) heterogeneous dorsal scales, (E) scales on lateral surface of trunk, (F) smooth ventral scales, (G) cloacal characters with precloacal pores and femoral pores, (H) lamellae on manus, (I) lamellae on pes, (J) keeled dorsal scalation of tail, (K) lateral side of tail, and (L) very small smooth subcaudals. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Landscape connectivity, habitat isolation, and tick-borne pathogen ecology
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Habitat fragmentation induces rapid phenotypic divergence of migratory and isolated sticklebacks
<p>The adaptive capacity of many organisms is seriously challenged by human-imposed environmental change, which currently happens at unprecedented rates and magnitudes. For migratory fish, habitat fragmentation is a major challenge that can compromise their survival and reproduction. Therefore, it is important to study if fish populations can adapt to such modifications of their habitat. Here, we study whether originally anadromous three-spined stickleback populations (Gasterosteus aculeatus; 'migrants') changed in behavior and morphology in response to human-induced isolation. We made use of a natural field-experiment, where the construction of pumping stations and sluices in the 1970s unintendedly created replicates of land-locked stickleback populations ('resident') in the Netherlands. For two years, we systematically tested populations of residents and migrants for differences in morphology and behavioral traits (activity, aggressiveness, exploration, boldness and shoaling) in lab-based assays. We detected differences between migrant and resident populations in virtually all phenotypic traits studied: compared to the ancestral migrants, residents were smaller in size, had fewer and smaller plates and were significantly more active, aggressive, exploratory and bolder and shoaled less. Despite large ecological differences between 2018 and 2019, results were largely consistent across the two years. Our study shows that human-induced environmental change has led to the rapid and consistent morphological and behavioral divergence of stickleback populations in about 50 generations. Such changes may be adaptive but this remains to be tested.</p>
The importance of fine-scale predictors of wild boar habitat use in an isolated population
<p>Predicting the likelihood of wildlife presence at potential wildlife-livestock interfaces is challenging. These interfaces are usually relatively small geographical areas where landscapes show large variation over small distances. Models of wildlife distribution based on coarse data over wide geographical ranges may not be representative of these interfaces. High-resolution data can help identify fine scale predictors of wildlife habitat use at a local scale and provide more accurate predictions of species habitat use. These data may be used to inform knowledge of interface risks, such as disease transmission between wildlife and livestock, or human-wildlife conflict. This study uses fine-scale habitat use data from wild boar (Sus scrofa) based on activity signs and direct field observations in and around the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, England. Spatial logistic regression models fitted using a variant of penalized quasi‐likelihood were used to identify habitat-based and anthropogenic predictors of wild boar signs. Our models showed that within the Forest of Dean, wild boar signs were more likely to be seen in spring, in forest-type habitats, closer to the centre of the forest and near litter bins. In the area surrounding the Forest of Dean, wild boar signs were more likely to be seen in forest-type habitats and near recreational parks and less likely to be seen near livestock. This approach shows that wild boar habitat use can be predicted using fine-scale data over comparatively small areas and in human-dominated landscapes, whilst taking account of the spatial correlation from other nearby fine-scale data-points. The methods we use could be applied to map habitat use of other wildlife species in similar landscapes, or of movement-restricted, isolated or fragmented wildlife populations.</p>
Airborne microbial transport limitation to isolated Antarctic soil habitats
<p>Supplementary Figures 2-4 and 4-6 for Manuscript "Airborne microbial transport limitation to isolated Antarctic soil habitats".</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Habitat isolation interacts with top-down and bottom-up processes in a seagrass ecosystem
<p>Habitat loss is accelerating at unprecedented rates, leading to the emergence of smaller, more isolated habitat remnants. Habitat isolation adversely affects many ecological processes independently, but little is known about how habitat isolation may interact with ecosystem processes such as top-down (consumer-driven) and bottom-up (resource-driven) effects. To investigate the interactive influence of habitat isolation, resource availability and consumer distribution and impact on community structure, we tested two hypotheses using invertebrate and algal epibionts on temperate seagrasses, an ecosystem of ecological and conservation importance. First, we hypothesized that habitat isolation will change the structure of the seagrass epibiont community, and isolated patches of seagrass will have lower epibiont biomass and different epibiont community composition. Second, we hypothesized that habitat isolation would mediate top-down (i.e., herbivory) and bottom-up (i.e., nutrient enrichment) control for algal epibionts. We used observational studies in natural seagrass patches, and experimental artificial seagrass to examine three levels of habitat isolation. We further manipulated top-down and bottom-up processes in artificial seagrass through consumer reductions and nutrient additions, respectively. We indeed found that habitat isolation of seagrass patches decreased epibiont biomass and modified epibiont community composition. This pattern was largely due to dispersal limitation of invertebrate epibionts that resulted in a decline in their abundance and richness in isolated patches. Further, habitat isolation reduced consumer abundances, weakening top-down control of algal epibionts in isolated seagrass patches. Nutrient additions, however, reversed this pattern, and allowed a top-down effect on algal richness to emerge in isolated habitats, demonstrating a complex interaction between patch isolation and top-down and bottom-up processes. Habitat isolation may therefore shape the relative importance of central processes in ecosystems, leading to changes in community composition and food web structure in marine habitats.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.