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34 results for “habitat opening”
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2022. Grazing by wild red deer can mitigate nutrient enrichment in protected semi-natural open habitats. Oecologia
<p>This repository contains the data set on nutrient fluxes through wild red deer used by Riesch et al. 2022 in an article puplished in <em>Oecologia</em> (accepted 2022-05-01).</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet. For further details please see the original article (DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05182-z).</p>
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2020. Grazing by wild red deer maintains characteristic vegetation of semi-natural open habitats: Evidence from a 3-year exclusion experiment. Applied Vegetation Science
<p>This repository contains vegetation community data used by Riesch et al. 2020 in an article accepted in Applied Vegetation Science.</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet. For further details please see the original article.</p>
Listening and watching: do camera traps or acoustic sensors more efficiently detect wild chimpanzees in an open habitat?
<p>1. With one million animal species at risk of extinction, there is an urgent need to regularly monitor threatened species. However, in practice this is challenging, especially with wide-ranging, elusive and cryptic species or those that occur at low density.<br> 2. Here we compare two non-invasive methods, passive acoustic monitoring (n=12) and camera trapping (n=53), to detect chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in a savanna-woodland mosaic habitat at the Issa Valley, Tanzania. With occupancy modelling we evaluate the efficacy of each method, using the estimated number of sampling days needed to establish chimpanzee absence with 95% probability, as our measure of efficacy.<br> 3. Passive acoustic monitoring was more efficient than camera trapping in detecting wild chimpanzees. Detectability varied over seasons, likely due to social and ecological factors that influence party size and vocalization rate. The acoustic method can infer chimpanzee absence with less than ten days of recordings in the field during the late dry season, the period of highest detectability, which was five times faster than the visual method.<br> 4. Synthesis and applications: Despite some technical limitations, we demonstrate that passive acoustic monitoring is a powerful tool for species monitoring. Its applicability in evaluating presence/absence, especially but not exclusively for loud call species, such as cetaceans, elephants, gibbons or chimpanzees provides a more efficient way of monitoring populations and inform conservation plans to mediate species-loss.</p>
Ecological traits drive genetic structuring in two open-habitat birds from the morphologically cryptic genus Elaenia (Aves: Tyrannidae)
<p>Understanding the relative contributions of the many factors that shape population genetic structuring is a central theme in evolutionary and conservation biology. Historically, abiotic or extrinsic factors (such as geographic barriers or climatic shifts) have received greater attention than biotic or intrinsic factors (such as dispersal or migration). This focus stems in part from the logistical difficulties in taking a comparative phylogeographic approach that contrasts species that have experienced similar abiotic conditions during their evolution yet differ in the intrinsic attributes that might shape their genetic structure. To explore the effects of intratropical migration on the genetic structuring of Neotropical birds, we chose two congeneric species, the Lesser Elaenia (<em>Elaenia chiriquensis</em>) and the Plain-crested Elaenia (<em>E. cristata</em>), that are largely sympatric, and which have similar plumage, habitat preferences, and breeding phenology. Despite these many commonalities, they differ in migratory behavior: <em>E. chiriquensis</em> is an intratropical migratory species while <em>E. cristata</em> is sedentary. We used a reduced representation genomic approach to test whether migratory behavior is associated with increased gene flow and therefore lower genetic population structure. As predicted, we found notably stronger genetic structuring in the sedentary species than in the migratory ones. <em>E. cristata</em> comprises genetic clusters with geographic correspondence throughout its distribution, while there are no geographic groups within Brazil for <em>E. chiriquensis</em>. This comparison adds to the growing evidence about how intrinsic traits like migration can shape the genetic structuring of birds, and advances our understanding of the diversification patterns of the understudied, open habitat species from South America.</p>
Open habitats in a tropical biodiversity hotspot support pollinator diversity in both protected and unprotected areas
<p class="MsoNormal">Protected areas (PAs) are vital in the global effort to preserve biodiversity, particularly for disturbance-intolerant pollinator species in the tropics. As there is little information on the potential of PAs for pollinator conservation in sensitive tropical ecosystems, we assessed here insect pollinator diversity in protected vs. unprotected areas in two vegetation zones in Nigeria, within the West African Guinea Biodiversity Hotspot. We selected two land-use types based on predominant canopy cover type (open and tree-shaded habitats) and these were sampled in both protected and unprotected areas of tropical rain forest and savanna vegetation zones. Pollinator composition varied significantly between protected vs. unprotected areas in each vegetation zone, signifying both areas support unique assemblages of insect pollinators. However, pollinator diversity varied according to land-use type (open vs. shaded habitats) rather than protected area per se, such that pollinators were more abundant and species-rich in open habitat than shaded habitat. These findings emphasize that beyond the protection of ecosystems, fine scale habitat management promoting the availability of adequate floral resources in natural areas is critical for ensuring conservation of these pollinators in tropical ecosystems. </p>
Dataset accompanying Riesch et al. 2019. Grazing by wild red deer: management options for the conservation of semi-natural open habitats. Journal of Applied Ecology
<p>This repository contains vegetation biomass and forage quality data used by Riesch et al. in an article accepted in Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>Metadata are provided in the first excel worksheet ('explanation_overview'). For further details please see the original article.</p>
The role of glaciations in the evolutionary history of a widely distributed Neotropical open habitat bird
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The Neotropics constitute the most biodiverse region of the world, yet its patterns of diversification and speciation differ among Neotropical areas and are not equally well understood. Particularly, avian evolutionary processes are understudied in the open habitats of temperate South America, where the role of glacial cycles is not clear. We analyzed the evolutionary history of a Neotropical widespread bird species as a case study to evaluate its continental-scale patterns and processes of diversification, with a focus on Patagonia.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Open habitats of the Neotropics.</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Vanellus chilensis</em> (Aves, Charadriiformes).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained reduced representation genomic and mitochondrial data from the four subspecies of <em>V. chilensis</em> to perform a phylogenetic/phylogeographic analysis and study the evolutionary history of the species. We complemented these analyses with the study of vocalizations, a reproductive signal in birds.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The initial diversification event within <em>V. chilensis</em>, approximately 600,000 years ago, split a Patagonian lineage from one containing individuals from the rest of the Neotropics. We found considerable gene flow between these two lineages and a contact zone in northern Patagonia and showed that genomic admixture extends to northwestern Argentina. Shallower divergence was detected between the two non-Patagonian subspecies, which are separated by the Amazon River. Vocalizations were significantly different between the two main lineages and were intermediate in their temporal and frequency characteristics in the contact zone.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Patagonian populations of <em>V. chilensis</em> are clearly differentiated from those of the rest of the Neotropics, possibly as a consequence of Pleistocene glaciations. A secondary contact zone in northern Patagonia with extensive gene flow among lineages appears to be the consequence of post-glacial, northward expansion of the Patagonian populations. Future analyses focused on the dynamics of the contact zone will allow us to establish whether the species continues to diverge or is homogenizing. </p>
Listening and watching: do camera traps or acoustic sensors more efficiently detect wild chimpanzees in an open habitat?
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The role of glaciations in the evolutionary history of a widely distributed Neotropical open habitat bird
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Open habitats in a tropical biodiversity hotspot support pollinator diversity in both protected and unprotected areas
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Ecological traits drive genetic structuring in two open-habitat birds from the morphologically cryptic genus Elaenia (Aves: Tyrannidae)
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Habitat openness and edge avoidance predict saltmarsh sparrow abundance better than habitat area
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Data from: Habitat preference facilitates successful early breeding in an open-cup nesting songbird
Selecting breeding habitats that ameliorate environmental limits on fitness and facilitate successful reproduction should benefit individual animals. This is particularly true in the temperate zone, where breeding early in a season presents a unique series of environmental challenges that can limit an individual's fitness. While many studies document links between habitat quality and reproductive success, few identify the cues used to assess habitat quality or the components of reproduction most influenced by occupying higher quality habitat, particularly during the early breeding season. We used detailed spatial maps and observations of all early season nesting attempts in an insular song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population over 38 years to estimate the influence of nest-site preference on reproductive success and to test whether relative microclimate or food availability may act as cues for early season site selection. Female sparrows in preferred early season nest sites had earlier laying dates, exhibited more energetically efficient incubation behaviour and produced more offspring that recruited to the population than those nesting in less-preferred sites. Preference for potential nesting sites was positively related to leaf damage by Lepidopteran larvae, an indicator of food abundance, negatively related to early season microclimate, likely due to greater vegetation cover, and unrelated to site-specific plant phenology. Our findings show that breeding in preferred, high-quality habitat may offer females a fitness advantage by facilitating early laying and the production of offspring more likely to recruit to the population at a lower potential reproductive cost to the parent. We provide a clear demonstration of potential links between habitat preference and quality and their contributions to the ecology and life history of animals in seasonal environments.
Data from: Evolutionary radiations of Proteaceae are triggered by the interaction between traits and climates in open habitats
Aim: Ecologically driven diversification can create spectacular diversity in both species numbers and form. However, the prediction that the match between intrinsic (e.g. functional trait) and extrinsic (e.g. climatic niche) variables may lead to evolutionary radiation has not been critically tested. Here, we test this hypothesis in the Southern Hemisphere plant family Proteaceae, which shows a spectacular diversity in open mediterranean shrublands in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) and the Cape Floristic Region (CFR). Species in the Proteaceae family occupy habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to deserts and are remarkably variable in leaf morphology. Location: Southern Hemisphere. Methods: We built a phylogenetic tree for 337 Proteaceae species (21% of the total), representing all main clades, climatic tolerances and morphologies, and collected leaf functional traits (leaf area, sclerophylly, leaf shape) for 261 species and climatic niche data for 1645 species. Phylogenetic generalized least squares regression and quantitative-trait evolutionary model testing were used to investigate the evolutionary pathways of traits and climatic niches, and their effect on diversification rates. Results: We found that divergent selection may have caused lineages in open vegetation types to evolve towards trait and climatic niche optima distinct from those in closed forests. Furthermore, we show that the interaction between open habitats, dry, warm and/or mediterranean climates, and small, sclerophyllous, toothed leaves increases net diversification rates in Proteaceae. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that the evolution of specific leaf adaptations may have allowed Proteaceae to adapt to variable climatic niches and diversify extensively in open ecosystems such as those in the CFR and SWAFR. This match between morphology and environment may therefore more generally lead to evolutionary radiation.
Figure 2 in Snakes on an African plain: the radiation of Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus into open habitat (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Figure 2 Chronogramsfor Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus, with supportvalues fromthe BEAST analysis of theunconstrainedphylogeny (Fig. S1). Supported nodes (≥ 0.95 posterior probability) are indicated by black dots. Within Philothamnus, clade 1 denotes a group of species that comprise of predominantly forest species in the northern Afrotropical realm, and clade 2 a group of species that comprise open habitat specialists in southern Africa, as well as widespread habitat generalists in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa. Habitat reconstructions and terminal taxa are colour-coded according habitat classes; green (closed habitat), brown (open habitat) and green + brown (both open and closed habitats), with likelihood values for each state (Table 1) shown as a proportion in the pie charts at each node. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11728/fig-2
Figure 1 in Snakes on an African plain: the radiation of Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus into open habitat (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Figure 1 Habitat classification for genetic samples of Crotaphopeltis and Philothamnus species. Sampled localities were projected onto the biome map of Olson et al. (2001). Closed habitat (forest classes) is indicated by darker grey shades. Open habitat (including savanna) is shaded white to light grey. Full-size DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11728/fig-1
FIGURE 1. Primulina pingleensis. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf blade. D. Bracts. E. Cyme. F. Opened corolla. G. Pistil. H. Flower, front view. I. Stamen, side view. J. Flower, top view. K. Flower, side view. L. Stigma. M. Disc. N in Primulina pingleensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
FIGURE 1. Primulina pingleensis. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C. Leaf blade. D. Bracts. E. Cyme. F. Opened corolla. G. Pistil. H. Flower, front view. I. Stamen, side view. J. Flower, top view. K. Flower, side view. L. Stigma. M. Disc. N. Calyx lobe, adaxial view. Photos by Ying Qin.
FIGURE 1 in Patterns Of Geographic Distribution And Conservation Of The Open-Habitat Avifauna Of Southeastern Brazilian Mountaintops (Campos Rupestres And Campos De Altitude)
FIGURE 1: Map showing mountaintop regions of campos rupestres and campos de altitude considered in this review. Localities codes are presented in Table 1.
FIGURE 58. Orobanche kurdica. A. Plant. B. Flower, side view. C. Flower, front view. D. Calyx. E. Bract. F. Leaf. G. Open corolla and androecium. H. Gynoecium. I. Stigma. J in Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae (Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche, Phelipanche) in Armenia: distribution, habitats, host range and taxonomic problems
FIGURE 58. Orobanche kurdica. A. Plant. B. Flower, side view. C. Flower, front view. D. Calyx. E. Bract. F. Leaf. G. Open corolla and androecium. H. Gynoecium. I. Stigma. J. Anther. Illustration by Jolanta Urbanik.
FIGURE 53. Orobanche laxissima. A. Plant. B. Flower, side view. C. Flower, front view. D. Leaf. E. Bract. F. Calyx. G. Open corolla and androecium. H. Anther. I. Gynoecium. J in Holoparasitic Orobanchaceae (Cistanche, Diphelypaea, Orobanche, Phelipanche) in Armenia: distribution, habitats, host range and taxonomic problems
FIGURE 53. Orobanche laxissima. A. Plant. B. Flower, side view. C. Flower, front view. D. Leaf. E. Bract. F. Calyx. G. Open corolla and androecium. H. Anther. I. Gynoecium. J. Stigma. Illustration by Jolanta Urbanik.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.