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Experimental datasets and CT-images for dilatant hardening study - Williams and French 2024
<p>Experimental datasets include collected and calculated parameters for the suite of experiments conducted. CT image datasets are the raw core scans.</p>
Raw images and processed datasets related to the journal article Robust Assessment of Post-Localisation Hardening Behaviour in Eurofer97 using Inverse Finite Element Methods
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Dataset for acceleration measurements at the research bridge openLAB in Bautzen, Germany - Change of dynamic behavior in the concrete hardening process
<p>This data set was collected during the construction phase of the openLAB in Bautzen, Germany during the period from 22.01.2024 - 30.04.2024. It includes acceleration measurements and temperature measurements that record the dynamic behavior of the bridge over a period of 49 days (from 22.01.2024 to 11.03.2024; the remaining data cannot be uploaded due to the Zenodo upload restriction, but can be released on request). The detailed documentation of the data set can be found in the file "Bartels, Dunkel, Marx_2024_Documentation.pdf". The documentation describes the structure, the applied monitoring system and the collected data in detail.</p>
Fig. 5 in Sequence of post-moult exoskeleton hardening preserved in a trilobite mass moult assemblage from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco
Fig. 5. Mid-moult specimen of Limulus polyphemus Linnaeus, 1758 (YPMIZ 55597), Recent, USA, in dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), and anterior (A3) views. The moult is fully hardened and shows a robust convex exoskeleton, whereas the carcass partially emerged but trapped within the old exoskeleton shows extensive lateral wrinkling of its new exoskeleton (arrowed). Photo Russell Bicknell.
Fig. 1 in Sequence of post-moult exoskeleton hardening preserved in a trilobite mass moult assemblage from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco
Fig. 1. Trilobite referred to Symphysurus ebbestadi Gutiérrez-Marco, Rábano, and García-Bellido, 2018, from the early Ordovician of Morocco (Tigzigzaouine area), in dorsal views, under standard lighting. A. MGL 102127. B. MGL 102128. C. MGL 102129. D. MGL 102130; D2 close up of thorax axial rings in D1, showing the clear terrace ridges. E. MGL 102131. F. MGL 102132. G. MGL 102133. H. MGL 102134. I. MGL 102135. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 4 in Sequence of post-moult exoskeleton hardening preserved in a trilobite mass moult assemblage from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco
Fig. 4. Graphs showing means (points) and ranges of exoskeleton thickness for cephala (A) and thoraces (B) of the thin sectioned trilobites Symphysurus ebbestadi.
Fig. 3 in Sequence of post-moult exoskeleton hardening preserved in a trilobite mass moult assemblage from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco
Fig. 3. Thin sections showing the cuticular structure of trilobites Symphysurus ebbestadi Gutiérrez-Marco, Rábano and García-Bellido 2018, from the early Ordovician of Tigzigzaouine area, Morocco. A. MGL 102127, the putative moult. B. MGL 102130, a fully-hardened individual. C. MGL 102133, individual with medium levels of wrinkling. D. MGL 102134, the most wrinkled individual. A1–D1, anterodorsal sections through the cephalon (except C1, transverse section); A2–D2, anterodorsal sections through the thorax. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Sequence of post-moult exoskeleton hardening preserved in a trilobite mass moult assemblage from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco
Fig. 2. Wrinkled specimens of trilobite Symphysurus ebbestadi Gutiérrez-Marco, Rábano, and García-Bellido 2018, from the early Ordovician of Tigzigzaouine area, Morocco, photographed under low-angle incident lighting, in order to emphasise the three-dimensional surface texture of their exoskeletons. Specimens are organised in relative order of exoskeleton hardening, from that with the most wrinkled and soft exoskeleton (A) to the least wrinkled (D) before being fully hardened. A. MGL 102132. B. MGL 102134. C. MGL 102128. D. MGL 102133. Scale bars 5 mm.
Data repository for Pore Pressure Drop during Dynamic Rupture and Conditions for Dilatancy Hardening
<p>Simulation data to accompany publication Pore pressure drop during dynamic rupture and conditions for dilatancy hardening, submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. See Readme.txt for content of data files. The data were generated by 'GrandFrix' software and postprocessed by scripts written MATLAB – see Related identifiers.</p>
Synchronization of seasonal acclimatization and short-term heat hardening improves physiological resilience in a changing climate
<p><b>Summary</b></p> <p>1. Animal survival and species distribution in the face of global warming and increasing occurrences of heatwave largely depend on how heat tolerance shifts with plastic responses at different spatiotemporal scales, including long-term acclimation/acclimatization and short-term heat hardening. However, knowledge about the interaction of these plastic responses is still unclear.</p> <p>2. To understand how plastic responses at different timescales work together to adjust heat tolerance of organisms, we examined the effect of heat hardening on the upper thermal limits of an intertidal mudflat bivalve, the razor clam <i>Sinonovacula constricta</i>, for different seasons by using heart rate as a proxy.</p> <p>3. We observed a stronger heat hardening response of<i> S. constricta</i> in warm seasons, implying that heat hardening worked synchronously with seasonal acclimatization to increase resistance of the clams to high temperatures in warm seasons. In warm seasons, heat hardening increased heat tolerance by 2-4<sup>°</sup>C and showed a 24-h temporal dependence, suggesting an adaptation to the diel fluctuation of thermal regimes in summer.</p> <p>4. Furthermore, thermal stress resembling seasonal maximum environmental temperature induced stronger heat hardening effects, indicating that heat hardening is an essential plastic response to extreme hot weather, complementing seasonal acclimatization.</p> <p>5. Our results suggest that high temperature risk can be alleviated jointly by seasonal acclimatization and heat hardening, and emphasize the importance of considering physiological plasticity on both long-term and short-term temporal scales in evaluating and forecasting vulnerability of organisms to climate change.</p>
Data from: Rapid cold hardening protects against sublethal freezing injury in an Antarctic insect
Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is a type of beneficial phenotypic plasticity that occurs on extremely short time scales (minutes to hours) to enhance insects' ability to cope with cold snaps and diurnal temperature fluctuations. RCH has a well-established role in extending lower lethal limits, but its ability to prevent sublethal cold injury has received less attention. The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica is Antarctica's only endemic insect and has a well-studied RCH response that extends freeze tolerance in laboratory conditions. However, the discriminating temperatures used in previous studies of RCH are far below those ever experienced in the field. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RCH protects against nonlethal freezing injury. Larvae of B. antarctica were exposed to either control (2&[deg]C), direct freezing (-9&[deg]C for 24 h), or RCH (-5&[deg]C for 2 h followed by -9&[deg]C for 24 h). All larvae survived both freezing treatments, but RCH larvae recovered more quickly from freezing stress and had significantly higher metabolic rates during recovery. RCH larvae also sustained less damage to fat body and midgut tissue and had lower expression of two heat shock protein transcripts (hsp60 and hsp90), which is consistent with RCH protecting against protein denaturation. The protection afforded by RCH resulted in energy savings; directly frozen larvae experienced a significant depletion in glycogen energy stores that was not observed in RCH larvae. Together, these results provide strong evidence that RCH protects against a variety of sublethal freezing injuries and allows insects to rapidly fine-tune their performance in thermally variable environments.
Evidence for phonon hardening in laser excited gold using x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser
<p>Studies of laser-heated materials on femtosecond timescales have shown that the interatomic potential can be perturbed at sufficiently high laser intensities. For gold, it has been postulated to undergo a strong stiffening leading to an increase of the phonon energies, known as phonon hardening. Despite efforts to investigate this behavior, only measurements at low absorbed energy density have been performed, for which the interpretation of the experimental data remains ambiguous. By using in situ single-shot x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser, the evolution of diffraction line intensities of laser-excited Au to a higher energy density provides evidence for phonon-hardening.</p>
Data from: Natural thermal stress-hardening of corals through cold temperature pulses in the Thai Andaman Sea
<p>Stress-hardening by environmental priming could increase the odds for corals to resist ocean warming. Natural environmental fluctuations, such as those observed on offshore reefs in the Andaman Sea, provide an ideal natural environment to study these effects. Here, internal waves (IW) generate short cold-water pulses that peak from January to June and are absent from August to November. Additionally, only western shores of islands are exposed to this stress-hardening stimulus of IWs, while eastern shores remain sheltered. Therefore, this study examined (1) whether exposed corals were more heat stress resistant than their sheltered conspecifics and (2) whether this trait would persist during the season of stimulus absence. We exemplify that thermal regimes featuring cold-temperature pulses successfully induced thermal stress-hardening in corals. Corals from the IW-sheltered shore responded strongly to heat stress irrespective of the season, while stress responses of IW-exposed corals were either undetectable (during stimulus presence) or very weak (during stimulus absence). However, this demonstrates the relevance of stimulus re-occurrence in maintaining heat resistance. Furthermore, priming stimuli do not need to exceed certain upper thermal thresholds to be effective and we argue that cooling pulses represent a safer stress-hardening regimen potentially implemented in conservation strategies since it avoids warming-stress accumulation.</p>
Explosive hardening of 7075-T651 FSW joints (selected results)
<p>This work was financially supported by the National Science Centre (NCN) in Poland, Miniatura 5 no. 2021/05/X/ST8/01480.</p>
Influenza A virus liquid condensates can undergo pharmacological hardening
<p>Data generated and codes used for the publication titled "Influenza A virus liquid condensates can undergo pharmacological hardening"</p>
Process data for development of a digital material shadow for the press hardening route of medium manganese steel
<p>Press-hardened ultra-high strength steel parts are widely used in the automotive sector for their lightweight and safety advantages. Medium-Manganese Steels (MMnS) are being explored as an alternative to boron-manganese steels due to their high strength and ductility after quenching, achieved at lower annealing temperatures thus reducing energy usage and carbon emissions. However, industrial adoption of MMnS is hindered by challenging processing requirements, e.g. in cold-rolling and press hardening. To expedite and improve the process development, data-driven decisions based on process parameters hold promise. Establishing a link between process data and the final produced part necessitates the development of a framework for a Digital Material Shadow (DMS). This paper investigates the development of a DMS framework for the cold rolling and press hardening process chain. In conjunction with conventional data acquisition methods employed for cold rolling, novel data acquisition techniques are introduced specifically tailored for press hardening, ensuring the comprehensive availability of relevant data. Moreover, a data pipeline is implemented to enable automatic processing, visualization, and analysis of process data. To facilitate seamless data linkage across processes in the DMS, an ID-system is introduced. Finally, the developed framework’s validity is demonstrated by creating a DMS for press-hardened MMnS parts, showcasing its potential for practical applications.</p>
static stress-strain behaviour of hardened and tempered steel 52100 (100Cr6)
<p>this file contains the recorded data (time, nominal stress, strain, actuator position) of a tensile test as long as the used strain gauge worked</p>
Evaluation of Fresh and Hardened Properties of 3D-Printed Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Designed for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure Systems
<p>3D concrete printing is a cutting-edge construction technique that has the potential to revolutionize the construction industry due to cost-saving in terms of labor and formwork costs, efficiency in construction, lower safety-related risks, and a higher degree of automation. However, several issues still make its adoption relatively slower on a large scale. Engineered cementitious composites (ECC), a class of ultra-high-strength concrete, can be a potential solution to some problems, such as reinforcement and durability. The preliminary phase of a Tran SET project focused on the design of 3D printable ECC, considering the concrete mix design proportions and their potential effects on fresh and hardened properties to achieve an optimized printable ECC mix. The type and content of various concrete ingredients such as cement, admixtures, aggregates, and fibers have considerable influence on the several properties in the fresh and hardened state. The replacement levels for cement were 0%, 50%, and 75% for mineral admixture, 10% for silica fume, and 0.4% for nano-clay by cement mass. Locally available fine aggregates were also used at 25% and 40% by mass of binder. In addition, the influence of fiber types and contents was also investigated. Two types of fibers, polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, were used at different levels, such as 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of the total volume of the mix. Moreover, four mixes, including FA50-MC, FA40SF10-MC, S50-MC, and FA40MK10-MC, were evaluated in terms of mechanical performance (flexural strength and direct tensile strength). The flowability of the ECC mixes was reduced with the incorporation of slag, metakaolin, higher aggregate content, and PE fibers. The 2% of both PVA and PE fibers had a reduction in compressive strength as compared to the low fiber content. Moreover, the PE-ECC exhibited superior tensile ductility as compared to the PVA-ECC due to the more fiber bridging by the PE fibers at the crack interface.</p>
Data from: Rapid heat hardening in embryos of the lizard Anolis sagrei
<p><span>Adaptive thermal tolerance plasticity can dampen the negative effects of warming. However, our knowledge of tolerance plasticity is lacking for embryonic stages that are relatively immobile and may benefit the most from an adaptive plastic response. We tested for heat hardening capacity (a rapid increase in thermal tolerance that manifests in minutes to hours) in embryos of the lizard <em>Anolis sagrei</em>. We compared survival of a lethal temperature exposure between embryos that either did ('hardened') or did not ('not hardened') receive a high but non-lethal temperature pre-treatment. We also measured heart rates at common garden temperatures before and after heat exposures to assess metabolic consequences. 'Hardened' embryos had significantly greater survival after lethal heat exposure relative to 'not hardened' embryos. That said, heat pre-treatment led to a subsequent increase in embryo heart rate that did not occur in embryos that did not receive pre-treatment, indicative of an energetic cost of mounting the heat hardening response. Our results are consistent with adaptive thermal tolerance plasticity in these embryos (greater heat survival after heat exposure), but also highlight associated costs. Thermal tolerance plasticity may be an important mechanism by which embryos respond to warming that warrants greater consideration. </span></p>
The physiological changes and the impact of rapid cold hardening on the survival ability of Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) under cold stress
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