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30 results for “harvest management”
Fig. 1. A in The effectiveness of field pest management and culling at harvest for risk mitigation of two fruit flies affecting citrus in China
Fig. 1. A logic chart illustrating work flow and calculating efficacies of pest management and culling at harvest (systems approach efficacy = the efficacy of the 2 measures together).
Data from: Comparing alternative harvest strategies to address robustness to recruitment variability and uncertainty: Implications for Alaska Sablefish tested with management strategy evaluation
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An individual-based model trained on multiple data sources estimates population connectivity and facilitates aggregation of harvest management units
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Data from: Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eiders Somateria mollissima
<p>1. Harvested species population dynamics are shaped by the relative contribution of natural and harvest mortality. Natural mortality is usually not under management control, so managers must continuously adjust harvest rates to prevent overexploitation. Ideally, this requires regular assessment of the contribution of harvest to total mortality and how this affects population dynamics. 2. To assess the impact of hunting mortality on the dynamics of the rapidly declining Baltic/Wadden Sea population of common eiders Somateria mollissima we first estimated vital rates of ten study colonies over the period 1970–2015. By means of a multi-event capture-recovery model we then used the cause of death of recovered individuals to estimate proportions of adult females that died due to hunting or other causes. Finally, we adopted a stochastic matrix population modelling approach based on simulations to investigate the effect of past and present harvest regulations on changes in flyway population size and composition. 3. Results showed that even the complete ban on shooting females implemented in 2014 in Denmark, where most hunting takes place was not enough to stop the population decline given current levels of natural female mortality. Despite continued hunting of males our predictions suggest that the proportion of females will continue to decline unless natural mortality of the females is reduced. 4. Although levels of natural mortality must decrease to halt the decline of this population, we advocate that the current hunting ban on females is maintained while further investigations of factors causing increased levels of natural mortality among females are undertaken. 5. Synthesis and applications. At the flyway scale, continuous and accurate estimates of vital rates and the relative contribution of harvest versus other mortality causes are increasingly important as the population effect of adjusting harvest rates is most effectively evaluated within a model-based adaptive management framework.</p>
Regional demography of Icelandic rock ptarmigan and its implications for harvest management
<p>The rock ptarmigan is a popular game bird in Iceland, but management of hunting has tended to be controversial. We were interested in whether regional differences in ptarmigan demography exist and, if so, their implications for harvest management.</p> <p>We fit integrated population models (IPMs) to monitoring data from six hunting regions of Iceland during 2005 – 2023, and then examined equilibrium and non-equilibrium harvests strategies based on an objective to maximize sustainable harvest.</p> <p>Survival and reproductive rates tended to be similar among regions, except in the demographically important Northeast, where survival was lower and productivity was higher. There was a negative relationship between post-breeding age ratio and spring abundance in all regions, although the strength of density dependence varied. Spring abundance was stable in all regions, although harvest rates tended to decline, and adult survival rates tended to increase. There was a tendency for temporal patterns of demography to be positively correlated among regions. Evidence for cyclical patterns in abundance was weak, but this may be an artifact of the relatively short time series.</p> <p>Sustainable harvest potential varied among regions and was greatest in the East and Northeast. It appears that harvests during 2005 – 2022 were somewhat less than the sustainable maximum. Non-equilibrium harvest strategies, in which the allowable harvests depend on spring population size and anticipated productivity, are so-called "bang-bang" strategies, meaning that no or very little harvest is optimal until the population is at or above its maximum level of net production.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and applications:</em> Regional differences in ptarmigan demography warrant different harvest strategies. Yet the hunting season in Iceland historically has been regulated on a country-wide basis, with population abundance and dynamics in the Northeast playing a key role. To implement regional harvest management, decision makers must first agree on harvest-management objectives that satisfy most stakeholders, who tend to hold very diverse values. Moreover, the historical relationship between season length and harvest rate is tenuous at best, yet season length is the primary mechanism traditionally used to control harvest. The uncertainty in this relationship could be addressed in an adaptive-management framework.</p>
Growth performance and harvest index of sweet potato (Ipoma batatas, Lam) under integrated soil fertility management in Andosol and Nitisol soils
<p>This dataset represent the raw data obtained following the cultivation of two sweet potato varieties (A white skin white-fleshed and a purple skin orange-fleshed) in two agroecological zones of Cameroon dominated by Andosol and Nitisol soils. The soil chemical composition plus that of the organic manures (Rice husk biochar, poultry litter, fast compost and Tithonia diversifolia leaf powder) is part of the data set. The growth parameters; primary branch number, main stem length, petoile length, leaf area index, and harvest index components; adventitious roots, dry biomass, weight of small, medium and big roots, marketable and total yield were collected during the experimentation.</p>
Data from: The role of predation, forestry and productivity in moose harvest at different spatial levels of management units
<p>Management of ungulate populations to the desired density and/or demographic composition are challenged by contrasting aims of different stakeholders. For example, hunters may want to maximize hunting opportunities whereas commercial forest owners may want to minimize moose densities to mitigate browsing damage. In addition, the return of large predators such as wolves (<em>Canis lupus</em>) affects the possible harvest yield of ungulates and influences the population composition through their selection of specific age classes. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of factors related to the variation in moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) harvest. We used moose harvest statistics from the period 2012-2020, wolf annual monitoring data, annual brown bear (<em>Ursus arctos</em>) density, proportion of young forest per management unit, and proportion of agricultural land per management unit (index for productivity and roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>) density) to explain variation in moose harvest across different management units at two spatial levels in two bordering countries, Sweden and Norway. The results showed variable responses in total harvest to changes in wolf territory density both at the regional and local management level. The proportion of young forest was correlated with both increased total harvest and proportion of calves. Increased proportion of agricultural land was linked to both increased total harvest and proportion of calves, likely due to that increased roe deer densities re-directed wolf predation from moose to roe deer, and an inverse relationship with brown bear density. Differences between countries may be due to differences in the management regime of moose, both in an historical and present perspective. Improved monitoring for individual hunting areas over time will be important for both the understanding of how different ungulate populations are affected by various factors and for the desired management of wildlife populations shared across borders.</p>
Data for: How do harvesting methods applied in continuous-cover forestry and rotation forest management impact soil carbon storage and degradability in boreal Scots pine forests?
<p>Forest management affects soil carbon (C) storage through forest composition, microclimate and litter inputs. How two major forest management systems, continuous-cover forestry (CCF) and clear-cut-based rotation forest management (RFM), differ in their impact on soil C in boreal forests is still poorly understood, however. We compared their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and quality in boreal Scots pine <span>(<em>Pinus sylvestris</em></span> L.) dominated forests in eastern Finland. We tested the hypotheses that (1) colder microclimates and continuous litter inputs will lead to higher SOC stocks in CCF plots than in clear-cuts and (2) the more labile litter in clear-cuts with varying ground vegetation will enhance SOC decomposition rates. We sampled uncut mature forests, clear-cuts, retention-cuts and gap-cuts, in which we analysed SOC concentrations and calculated the stocks. We measured stand characteristics such as diameter-at-breast height, basal area, dominant tree height, and understorey species coverage of the various treatments and modelled the above- and belowground litter inputs based on these parameters. We used laboratory incubation and sequential fractionation of SOC to assess its degradability under standardized conditions. To estimate the decomposition rate in the various environments we incubated cellulose bags in situ. We assessed the impact of microclimate on SOC decomposition, using data from soil-temperature and soil-moisture field measurements. We quantified the microbial biomass C pool, using chloroform fumigation extraction to gain insight on the impact of forest management practice on soil microbes. The SOC concentrations and SOC stocks did not differ significantly between the treatments, despite the presence of a warmer microclimate and lower litter inputs in the clear-cut plots. However, we found differences in the quality of the SOC. Soils in clear-cut sites showed lower proportions of labile SOC compounds than did the other treatments. As hypothesized, the decomposition rates were elevated in clear-cuts, but were equally as high within the canopy gaps on gap-cut stands. Our work highlights that forest management affects the quality, degradability, long-term accumulation and storage of SOC. We conclude that the accumulation of labile compounds in uncut forests and retention-cuts, combined with the decreased decomposition rates, indicate a higher potential for future C accumulation in the soil than in clear-cuts.</p>
Data from: The role of predation, forestry and productivity in moose harvest at different spatial levels of management units
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Data from: Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eiders Somateria mollissima
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Management regime influences the recovery of subtidal kelp forests following harvesting
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Regional demography of Icelandic rock ptarmigan and its implications for harvest management
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Data for: How do harvesting methods applied in continuous-cover forestry and rotation forest management impact soil carbon storage and degradability in boreal Scots pine forests?
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Data from: Incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning: timber harvest, wildfire and climate change in the boreal forest
In an effort to ensure the sustainability of their forests, boreal forest managers often use forest planning models to make future projections of timber supply and other key services, such as habitat for wildlife. Projecting the fate of these services has proven to be challenging, however, as major uncertainties exist regarding the principal drivers of boreal ecosystem dynamics, including the future spatial and temporal distribution of wildfire and timber harvesting. Existing forest planning models are not well suited to dealing with this uncertainty because they produce deterministic projections based on central tendencies of these drivers. Here we present a new approach for incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning, which we demonstrate using two landscapes in the Canadian boreal forest. Our approach takes the assumptions contained within the latest forest management plans for each of these landscapes, including parameterizations of their deterministic forest planning models, and converts these assumptions into equivalent parameterizations of a stochastic, spatially-explicit state-and-transition simulation model (STSM). We then use Monte Carlo simulations with the STSM to "stress-test" the forest management plan with respect to a range of possible future uncertainties, including uncertainties in future levels and patterns of wildfire and timber harvest, along with the possible changes in wildfire that might result from future climate change. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of incorporating stochastic variability into projections of future ecosystem condition. The STSM projections that acknowledged variability in wildfire and timber harvest differed from the deterministic forest planning model projections that were based solely on mean values. Our analysis also suggests that there is an increased risk of shortfalls in timber harvest, for both boreal landscapes, associated with future projections for changes in wildfire due to climate change, and that management strategies aimed at reducing the future level of timber harvest offer an opportunity to mitigate these risks. We believe our approach provides a new risk-based framework for incorporating uncertainty into forest management, including the effects of climate change.
Data from: Conservation versus livelihoods: spatial management of non-timber forest product harvests in a two-dimensional model
Areas of high biodiversity often coincide with communities living in extreme poverty. As a livelihood support, these communities often harvest wild products from the environment. But harvest activities can have negative impacts on fragile and globally important ecosystems. This paper examines trade-offs in ecological protection and community welfare from the harvest of wild products. With a novel model and empirical evidence, I show that management of harvest activity does not always resolve these trade-offs. In a model of continuous harvests in a two-dimensional landscape, managed harvest activity improves welfare, but is uniformly bad for other ecosystem services that are sensitive to the presence (as opposed to the intensity) of human activity. Empirical results from a unique dataset of mushroom harvesters in Yunnan, China suggest more experienced, poorer, and more vulnerable individuals tend to rely on more distant harvests. Thus, policies that limit the extent of forest travel, such as protected areas, may protect fragile ecosystems but can have a disproportionately negative effect on those most vulnerable.
Data from: Bee diversity decreases rapidly with time since harvest in intensively managed conifer forests
<p>Despite widespread concern about the anthropogenic drivers of global pollinator declines, little information is available about the impacts of land management practices on wild bees outside of agricultural systems, including forests managed intensively for wood production. We assessed changes in wild bee communities with time since harvest in 60 intensively managed Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga</em> <em>menziesii</em>) stands across a gradient in stand ages spanning a typical harvest rotation. We measured bee abundance, species richness, and alpha and beta diversity, as well as habitat characteristics (i.e., floral resources, nesting substrates, understory vegetation, and early seral forest in the surrounding landscape) during the spring and summer in 2018 and 2019. We found that bee abundance and richness declined rapidly with stand age, decreasing by 61% and 48%, respectively, for every five years since timber harvest. Asymptotic estimates of Shannon and Simpson diversity were highest in stands 6-10 y post-harvest and lowest after the forest canopy had closed, approximately 11 y post-harvest. Bee communities in older stands were nested subsets of bee communities found in younger stands, indicating changes were due to species loss, rather than turnover, as stands aged. Bee abundance – but not richness – was positively associated with floral resource density, and neither metric was associated with floral richness. The amount of early seral forest in the surrounding landscape seemed to enhance bee species richness in older, closed-canopy stands, but otherwise had little effect. Changes in the relative abundance of bee species did not relate to bee functional characteristics such as sociality, diet breadth, or nesting substrate. Our study demonstrates that Douglas-fir plantations develop diverse communities of wild bees shortly after harvest, but those communities erode rapidly over time as forest canopies close. Therefore, stand-scale management activities that prolong the pre-canopy closure period and enhance floral density during the initial stage of stand regeneration will provide the greatest opportunity to enhance bee diversity in landscapes dominated by intensively managed conifer forests.</p>
Data from: Recreational harvest and incident-response management reduce human-carnivore conflicts in an anthropogenic landscape
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Data from: Incorporating uncertainty into forest management planning: timber harvest, wildfire and climate change in the boreal forest
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Data from: Conservation versus livelihoods: spatial management of non-timber forest product harvests in a two-dimensional model
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Data from: Harvesting wildlife affected by climate change: a modelling and management approach for polar bears
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.