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opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Laying sequence interacts with incubation temperature to influence rate of embryonic development and hatching synchrony in a precocial bird

Incubation starts during egg laying for many bird species and causes developmental asynchrony within clutches. Faster development of late-laid eggs can help reduce developmental differences and synchronize hatching, which is important for precocial species whose young must leave the nest soon after hatching. In this study, we examined the effect of egg laying sequence on length of the incubation period in Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa). Because incubation temperature strongly influences embryonic development rates, we tested the interactive effects of laying sequence and incubation temperature on the ability of late-laid eggs to accelerate development and synchronize hatching. We also examined the potential cost of faster development on duckling body condition. Fresh eggs were collected and incubated at three biologically relevant temperatures (Low: 34.9°C, Medium: 35.8°C, and High: 37.6°C), and egg laying sequences from 1 to 12 were used. Length of the incubation period declined linearly as laying sequence advanced, but the relationship was strongest at medium temperatures followed by low temperatures and high temperatures. There was little support for including fresh egg mass in models of incubation period. Estimated differences in length of the incubation period between eggs 1 and 12 were 2.7 d, 1.2 d, and 0.7 d at medium, low and high temperatures, respectively. Only at intermediate incubation temperatures did development rates of late-laid eggs increase sufficiently to completely compensate for natural levels of developmental asynchrony that have been reported in Wood Duck clutches at the start of full incubation. Body condition of ducklings was strongly affected by fresh egg mass and incubation temperature but declined only slightly as laying sequence progressed. Our findings show that laying sequence and incubation temperature play important roles in helping to shape embryo development and hatching synchrony in a precocial bird.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: Paternal hatching care regulates the timing, synchrony, and success of hatching in a coral reef fish

<p>In oviparous species, the timing of hatching is a crucial decision, but for developing embryos, assessing cues that indicate the optimal time to hatch is challenging. In species with parental care, parents can assess environmental conditions and induce their offspring to hatch. We provide the first documentation of parental hatching regulation in a coral reef fish, demonstrating that male neon gobies (<em>Elacatinus colini</em>) directly regulate hatching by removing embryos from the clutch and spitting hatchlings into the water column. All male gobies synchronized hatching within 2h of sunrise, regardless of when eggs were laid. Paternally-incubated embryos hatched later in development, more synchronously, and had higher hatching success than artificially-incubated embryos that were shaken to simulate paternal hatching cues or not stimulated. Artificially-incubated embryos displayed substantial plasticity in hatching times (range: 88 – 244 hours post-fertilization), suggesting that males could respond to environmental heterogeneity by modifying the hatching time of their offspring. Finally, paternally-incubated embryos hatched with smaller yolk sacs and larger propulsive areas than artificially-incubated embryos, suggesting that paternal effects on hatchling phenotypes may influence larval dispersal and fitness. These findings highlight the complexity of fish parental care and may have important, and currently unstudied, consequences for fish population dynamics.</p>

publicJan 2019View details →

Data from: Laying sequence interacts with incubation temperature to influence rate of embryonic development and hatching synchrony in a precocial bird

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publicSep 2022View details →

Data from: Paternal hatching care regulates the timing, synchrony, and success of hatching in a coral reef fish

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Supplementary material 3 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 3 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 1 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 1 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 2 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 2 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 4 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Supplementary material 4 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 9 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 9 - The effect of the time of clumping of Locusta migratoria separated eggs on the hatching time. The differences in mean hatching times between eggs clumped and those kept with distance from one another (controls) are plotted against the time of egg clumping gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). SDs of the mean hatching times for the clumped eggs (closed circles) and control eggs (open circles) are similarly plotted in (B). Each datum point is based on 17–20 eggs.

Fig 8 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 8 - The effect of the time of separation of paired Locusta migratoria eggs on the hatching time. The differences in mean hatching times between eggs separated and those kept in contact with each other (controls) are plotted against the time of egg separation gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). Comparison of SDs of the mean hatching times (B) and the intervals of hatching in each pair (C) for the eggs separated (open circles) and the control eggs (closed circles). Each datum point is based on 14–24 eggs.

Fig 5 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 5 - The intervals from the beginning to end of hatching periods for Locusta migratoria eggs incubated in different mass sizes from day 10 onward. The data are based on the experiment described in Fig. 4. No significant difference was observed in the means among the treatments (p > 0.05; Steel-Dwass test).

Fig 6 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 6 - The hatching times for Locusta migratoria eggs incubated in different mass sizes. In each pair of comparisons, the mean time of hatching for the eggs in the larger mass was designated as 0 h (A–D). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of hatched eggs. Bars indicate one SD. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the two treatments (p < 0.05; t-test). Differences in hatching time in different masses are shown in (E) by designating the mean hatching time for singly kept eggs as 0 h. Horizontal bars indicate one SD.

Fig 4 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 4 - The effect of egg mass sizes on the ranges of hatching times of Locusta migratoria eggs. The frequency distributions of hatching times plotted as deviations from the mean (designated as 0 h) for each egg pod tested. The data for the egg pods are the same as those given in Fig. 1B. SDs are shown. The numbers in parentheses indicate the numbers of hatched eggs and pods used.

Fig 3 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 3 - The effect of egg separation on embryogenesis in Locusta migratoria at 30°C. The times (mean ± SD) required to hatch for Locusta migratoria eggs kept as a mass (closed bars) or as separated eggs (open bars) at 30°C. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the 2 treatments at the 5% level with a t-test. Error bars indicate SD. n = 13–20 each.

Fig 2 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 2 - The effects of egg separation on hatching patterns of Locusta migratoria eggs. The frequency distribution of hatching times for eggs kept in the pods (A) or in masses of 20 eggs (C) and those kept as separated eggs (B, D) when the mean hatching time was assumed to be 0 h. The relative times of hatching for the eggs kept in the pods (E) or in masses of 20 eggs (F) and those kept as separated eggs when the mean value for the former eggs was designated as 0 h. The number of hatched eggs followed by the number of tested pods in parentheses is given in each panel. Asterisks indicate a significant difference between the two treatments (p < 0.05; t-test).

Fig 7 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 7 - The effect of the time of separation of Locusta migratoria eggs on the hatching time. The differences in mean hatching times between eggs separated and those kept in contact with each other (controls) are plotted against the time of egg separation gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). SDs of the mean hatching times are plotted against the time of egg separation gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs kept in masses (B). Open and closed circles indicate eggs separated and those kept in masses, respectively. Each datum point is based on 16–20 eggs.

Fig 14 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 14 - The effects of pairing of Locusta migratoria eggs at different ages on hatching time. A. The mean hatching intervals between the first and second hatching eggs of the mixed pairs are plotted against the differences in mean hatching time between the younger and older controls in which two eggs were kept singly. B. The differences in hatching time between the first hatching eggs of the mixed pairs and older control eggs (from early-produced pods) are plotted against the difference in hatching time between the two control eggs. C. The differences in hatching time between the second hatching eggs of the mixed pairs and younger control eggs (from late-produced pods) are plotted against the difference in hatching time between the two controls. The diagrams on the top show combinations of eggs from older eggs (gray) and younger eggs (white). A total of 38 pairs of pods were used. Closed circles in (B) and (C) indicate the means significantly different from the controls (p < 0.05; Tukey's multiple test).

Fig 11 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 11 - Hatching patterns of Locusta migratoria eggs derived from different pods and those from the same pods. As indicated above each triplet, the difference in the mean hatching times of the 2 pods (top and bottom panels) ranged from 3.6 to 80 h (A–D). In the mixed pairs (middle panel), the first and second hatchings are shown in black and light-colored bars. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences in mean values at the 5% level with Tukey's multiple test. The diagrams on the right of the figure show combinations of eggs from two pods expressed as white and black eggs, respectively.

Fig 10 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 10 - The effect of the time of pairing of Locusta migratoria separated eggs on the time of hatching. The differences in hatching time between the paired eggs and control eggs kept as separated eggs are plotted against the time of egg clumping gauged based on the mean hatching time for the control eggs (A). Comparison of SDs of the mean hatching times (B) and the intervals of hatching in each pair (C) for the clumped eggs (closed circles) and the control eggs (open circles). Each datum point is based on 18–24 eggs.

Fig 12 from: Tanaka S (2017) Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) embryos monitor neighboring eggs for hatching synchrony. Journal of Orthoptera Research 26: 103-115. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.26.20935

Fig 12 - The frequency distributions of hatching intervals for Locusta migratoria egg pairs derived from different (middle panel) and from the same pods (top and bottom panels). For explanation of the experimental design, see Fig. 11. Different lower-case letters indicate significant differences in mean values at the 5% level with Steel-Dwass test. The diagrams on the right of the figure show combinations of eggs from two pods expressed as white and black eggs, respectively.