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39 results for “height growth”
Point-frame measurement of maximum canopy height for plant growth forms at the 2007 Anaktuvuk River Fire scar measured in 2019.
This file contains maximum plant heights from point frame measurements made in the southern section of the 2007 Anaktuvuk River fire scar, at a severely burned site and a nearby unburned site. Pin-vegetation contact was recorded using a 0.56 m2 frame with 41 evenly spaced sampling points. Data were collected during peak green in summer 2019. These data were used to examine the impact of post-fire changes in plant community composition and structure on habitat suitability and rodent herbivore activity in response to a large, severe, and unprecedented fire in northern Alaska moist acidic tussock tundra.
Pest defenses under weak selection exert a limited influence on the evolution of height growth and drought avoidance in marginal pine populations
<p>Whilst droughts, intensified by climate change, have been affecting forests worldwide, pest epidemics are a major source of uncertainty for assessing drought impacts on forest trees. Thus far, little information has documented the adaptability and evolvability of traits related to drought and pests simultaneously. We conducted common-garden experiments to investigate how several phenotypic traits (i.e., height growth, drought avoidance based on water-use efficiency inferred from δ<sup>13</sup>C, and pest resistance based on defense traits) interact in five mature lodgepole pine populations established in four progeny trials in western Canada. The relevance of interpopulation variation in climate sensitivity highlighted that seed-source warm populations had greater adaptive capability than cold populations. In test sites, warming generated taller trees with higher δ<sup>13</sup>C and increased the evolutionary potential of height growth and δ<sup>13</sup>C across populations. We found, however, no pronounced gradient in defenses and their evolutionary potential along populations or test sites. Response to selection was weak in defenses across test sites, but high for height growth, particularly at warm test sites. Response to selection of δ<sup>13</sup>C varied depending on its selective strength relative to height growth. We conclude that warming could promote the adaptability and evolvability of growth response and drought avoidance with limited evolutionary influence from pest (biotic) pressures.</p>
Pest defenses under weak selection exert a limited influence on the evolution of height growth and drought avoidance in marginal pine populations
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Tree growth (height and average basal area increment) and herbivory measurements 20 years after the 1994 Hajdukovich Creek burn
This dataset contains height, diameter at breast height, and average basal area increment of aspen and black spruce from historical sites established in the Hajdukovich Creek burn. 12 pre-established sites were used, 6 from both low and high fire severity. Sites were sampled in 2014, 20 years after the fire. Furthermore, for each individual the distance from sampling point (plotless density), levels of past herbivory, health, basal age (number of tree rings visible from basal disk), age of the tree at 3 meters height, and age and height of some collected twig clusters (evidence of past herbivory) is included.
Data from: Effects of soil type and light on height growth, biomass partitioning, and nitrogen dynamics on 22 species of tropical dry forest tree seedlings: comparisons between legumes and nonlegumes
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The seedling stage is particularly vulnerable to resource limitation, with potential consequences for community composition. We investigated how light and soil variation affected early growth, biomass partitioning, morphology, and physiology of 22 tree species common in tropical dry forest, including eight legumes. Our hypothesis was that legume seedlings are better at taking advantage of increased resource availability, which contributes to their successful regeneration in tropical dry forests. METHODS: We grew seedlings in a full-factorial design under two light levels in two soil types that differed in nutrient concentrations and soil moisture. We measured height biweekly and, at final harvest, biomass partitioning, internode segments, leaf carbon, nitrogen, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N. KEY RESULTS: Legumes initially grew taller and maintained that height advantage over time under all experimental conditions. Legumes also had the highest final total biomass and water-use efficiency in the high-light and high-resource soil. For nitrogen-fixing legumes, the amount of nitrogen derived from fixation was highest in the richer soil. Although seed mass tended to be larger in legumes, seed size alone did not account for all the differences between legumes and nonlegumes. Both belowground and aboveground resources were limiting to early seedling growth and function. CONCLUSIONS: Legumes may have a different regeneration niche, in that they germinate rapidly and grow taller than other species immediately after germination, maximizing their performance when light and belowground resources are readily available, and potentially permitting them to take advantage of high light, nutrient, and water availability at the beginning of the wet season.
Liana-induced tree height reduction limits carbon storage and growth in a tropical forest in Panama
<p>Subset of data and script used in the paper titled 'Lianas reduce tree height with negative consequences for carbon storage and growth estimates'</p>
Drought timing and species growth phenology determine intra-annual recovery of tree height and diameter growth
<p>These are the data reported in van Kampen et al. (2022) "Drought timing and species growth phenology determine intra-annual recovery of tree height and diameter growth" published in AoB Plants. They describe patterns of height and diameter growth for saplings of six tree species undergoing experimental drought conditions at different times of year. </p>
Combining climatic and genomic data improves range-wide tree height growth prediction in a forest tree
<p>Population response functions based on climatic and phenotypic data from common gardens have long been the gold standard for predicting quantitative trait variation in new environments. However, prediction accuracy might be enhanced by incorporating genomic information that captures the neutral and adaptive processes behind intra-population genetic variation. We used five clonal common gardens containing 34 provenances (523 genotypes) of maritime pine (<em>Pinus pinaster</em> Aiton) to determine whether models combining climatic and genomic data capture the underlying drivers of height-growth variation, and thus improve predictions at large geographical scales. The plastic component explained most of the height-growth variation, probably resulting from population responses to multiple environmental factors. The genetic component stemmed mainly from climate adaptation, and the distinct demographic and selective histories of the different maritime pine gene pools. Models combining climate-of-origin and gene pool of the provenances, and positive-effect height-associated alleles (PEAs) captured most of the genetic component of height-growth and better predicted new provenances compared to the climate-based population response functions. Regionally-selected PEAs were better predictors than globally-selected PEAs, showing high predictive ability in some environments, even when included alone in the models. These results are therefore promising for the future use of genome-based prediction of quantitative traits.</p>
Three-dimensional stratification pattern in an old-growth lowland forest: how does height in canopy and season influence temperate bat activity?
<p class="PaperLauftext">The study of animal-habitat interactions is of primary importance for the formulation of conservation recommendations. Flying, gliding and climbing animals have the ability to exploit their habitat in a three-dimensional way and the vertical canopy structure in forests plays an essential role for habitat suitability. Forest bats as flying mammals may seasonally shift their microhabitat use due to differing energy demands or changing prey availability, but the patterns are not well understood.</p> <p>We investigated three-dimensional and seasonal habitat use by insectivorous bats in a temperate lowland old-growth forest, the <i>Belovezhskaya Pushcha</i> in Belarus. We acoustically sampled broadleaved and mixed coniferous plots in the forest interior and in gaps in three heights during two reproductive periods (pregnancy/lactation versus post-lactation). In canopy gaps, vertical stratification in bat activity was less pronounced than in the forest interior. Vertical activity patterns differed among species. The upper canopy levels were important foraging habitats for the open-space forager guild and for some edge-space foragers like the Barbastelle bat <i>Barbastella barbastellus</i> and the soprano pipistrelle <i>Pipistrellus pygmaeus</i>. <i>Myotis</i> species had highest activity levels near the ground in forest gaps. Moreover, we found species-dependent seasonal microhabitat shifts. Generally, all species and species groups considered except <i>Myotis</i> species showed higher activity levels during post-lactation. <i>Myotis</i> species tended towards higher activity in the forest interior during post-lactation. <i>P. pygmaeus</i> switched from high activity levels in the upper canopy during pregnancy and lactation to high activity levels near the ground during post-lactation. We conclude that a full comprehension of forest bat habitat use is only possible when height in canopy and seasonal patterns are considered.</p>
Data from: Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: Constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth
<p>Hypoallometric (slope<1) scaling between metabolic rate and body mass is often regarded as near-universal across organisms. However, there are compelling reasons to question hypoallometric scaling in woody plants, where metabolic rate=leaf area. This leaf area must provide carbon to the metabolically active sapwood volume (VMASW). Within populations of a species, variants in which VMASW increases per unit leaf area with height growth (e.g. ⅔ or ¾ scaling) would have proportionally less carbon for growth and reproduction as they grow taller. Therefore, selection should favor individuals in which, as they grow taller, leaf area scales isometrically with shoot VMASW (slope=1). Using tetrazolium staining, we measured total VMASW and total leaf area (LAtot) across 22 individuals of Ricinus communis and confirmed that leaf area scales isometrically with VMASW, and that VMASW is much smaller than total sapwood volume. With the potential of the LAtot-VMASW relationship to shape factors as diverse as the crown area-stem diameter relationship, conduit diameter scaling, reproductive output, and drought-induced mortality, our work suggests that the notion that sapwood increases per unit leaf area with height growth requires revision.</p>
Data from: Axial conduit widening, tree height and height growth rate set the hydraulic transition of sapwood into heartwood
<p><span>The size-related xylem adjustments required to maintain</span><span> a constant leaf-specific sapwood conductance (<em>K<sub>LEAF</sub></em>) with increasing height (<em>H</em>) are still under discussion. Alternative hypotheses are that: (i) the conduit hydraulic diameter (<em>Dh</em>) at any position in the stem and/or (ii) the number of sapwood rings at stem base (<em>NSWr</em>) increase with <em>H.</em> In addition, (iii) lower stem elongation (</span><em>Δ<span>H</span></em><span>) increases the tip-to-base conductance through inner xylem rings, thus possibly the <em>NSWr</em> contributing to <em>K<sub>LEAF</sub></em>.</span></p> <p><span>A detailed stem analysis showed that </span><em><span>Dh</span></em><span><em> </em>increased with the distance from the apex (<em>DCA</em>) in all rings of a <em>P. abies</em> and a <em>F. sylvatica</em> tree. Net of <em>DCA</em> effect, <em>Dh</em> did not increase with <em>H</em>. Using sapwood traits from a global dataset, <em>NSWr</em> increased with <em>H</em> and decreased with </span><em>Δ<span>H</span></em><span>, and the mean sapwood ring width (<em>SWrw</em>) increased with </span><em>Δ<span>H</span></em><span>. A numerical model based on anatomical patterns predicted the effects of <em>H</em> and </span><em>Δ<span>H</span></em><span> on the conductance of inner xylem rings.</span></p> <p><span>Results suggested the sapwood/heartwood transition depends on both <em>H</em> and </span><em>Δ<span>H</span></em><span>, and is set when the C allocation to maintenance respiration of living cells in inner sapwood rings produces a lower gain in total conductance than investing the same C in new vascular conduits.</span></p>
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (r-hGH), Saizen®, on a Population of Children With Hypochondroplasia, Treated at Least 3 Years or Until Near Final Height, When Appli
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01111019. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone on Height Velocity in Subjects With Idiopathic Short Stature
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01778023. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Combining climatic and genomic data improves range-wide tree height growth prediction in a forest tree
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Drought timing and species growth phenology determine intra-annual recovery of tree height and diameter growth
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Three-dimensional stratification pattern in an old-growth lowland forest: how does height in canopy and season influence temperate bat activity?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Scaling of leaf area with biomass in trees reconsidered: Constant metabolically active sapwood volume per unit leaf area with height growth
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Axial conduit widening, tree height and height growth rate set the hydraulic transition of sapwood into heartwood
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Unoccupied aerial system enabled functional modeling of maize (Zea mays L.) height reveals dynamic expression of loci associated to temporal growth
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A new algorithm for reconstructing tree height growth with stem analysis data
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