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13 results for “herbivore pressure”
Additive and interactive pressures of anthropogenic stressors on an insect herbivore
<p>This file contains the data and scripts needed to reproduce the results presented in "Additive and interactive pressures of anthropogenic stressors on an insect herbivore."</p>
Data from: Latitudinal patterns of herbivore pressure in a temperate herb support the biotic interactions hypothesis
The longstanding biotic interactions hypothesis predicts that herbivore pressure declines with latitude, but the evidence is mixed. To address gaps in previous studies, we measured herbivory and defense in the same system, quantified defense with bioassays, and considered effects of leaf age. We quantified herbivory and defense of young and mature leaves along a continental gradient in eastern North America in the native herb Phytolacca americana. Herbivory in the field declined with latitude and was strongly correlated with Lepidopteran abundance. Laboratory bioassays revealed that leaf palatability was positively correlated with latitude of origin. Young leaves were more damaged than mature leaves at lower latitudes in the field, but less palatable in bioassays. Both defense and palatability displayed non-linear latitudinal patterns, suggesting potential mechanisms based on biological or climatic thresholds. In sum, observational and experimental studies find patterns consistent with high herbivore pressure and stronger plant defenses at lower latitudes.
Tropicalization shifts herbivore pressure from seagrass to rocky reef communities
<p>Climate-driven species redistributions are reshuffling the composition of marine ecosystems. How these changes alter ecosystem functions, however, remains poorly understood. Here we examine how the impacts of herbivory change across a gradient of tropicalization in the Mediterranean Sea, which includes a steep climatic gradient and marked changes in plant nutritional quality and fish herbivore composition. We quantified individual feeding rates and behaviour of 755 fishes of the native <em>Sarpa salpa</em>, and non-native <em>Siganus rivulatus</em> and <em>Siganus luridus</em>. We measured herbivore and benthic assemblage composition across 20 sites along the gradient, spanning 30º of longitude and 8º of latitude. We coupled patterns in behaviour and composition with temperature measurements and nutrient concentrations to assess changes in herbivory under tropicalization. We found a transition in ecological impacts by fish herbivory across the Mediterranean from a predominance of seagrass herbivory in the west to a dominance of macroalgal herbivory in the east. Underlying this shift were changes in both individual feeding behaviour (i.e., food choice) and fish assemblage composition. The shift in feeding selectivity was consistent among temperate and warm-affiliated herbivores. Our findings suggest herbivory can contribute to the increased vulnerability of seaweed communities and reduced vulnerability of seagrass meadows in tropicalized ecosystems. </p>
Data from: Greater biomass from Arctic greening absorbs increased grazing pressure from a large herbivore
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Tropicalization shifts herbivore pressure from seagrass to rocky reef communities
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Data from: Latitudinal patterns of herbivore pressure in a temperate herb support the biotic interactions hypothesis
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Plant aboveground biomass data: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Average soil nitrogen: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Gopher mounds: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Grasshopper data: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Grasshopper individual characteristics: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Percent light penetration: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
Soil nitrogen: Effects of Nitrogen on Vegetation Under Herbivore Pressure
The purpose of this experiment is to measure the effect of NH4NO3 addition on vegetation under herbivore pressure. This experiment is located in fields A, B, and C. There are 3 treatments, 2 nitrogen levels and a control. The treatments are E, G, and I as defined in fertilization details under the "microplot" category. There are 16 reps of the 3 treatments for a total of 48 plots in each field. Treatments are randomly assigned to the plots. The plots are 4 by 4 meters and are laid out in a 6 by 8 grid with 1 meter aisles. For a list of treatments, /see the treatment layouts in files trmte11. In 1987, experiment E053 was established on top of E011 in field C. For a list of treatments, see E053. Also is 1992, experiment (Walt Carson's) was established on top of E011 in field C. In the spring of 1992, experiment E100 was established on top of E011, in fields A, and B. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte100.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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