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16 results for “herbivory tolerance”
Herbivory selects for tolerance and constitutive defence across stages of community succession
<p>Plants defend themselves from herbivory by either reducing damage (resistance) or minimizing its negative fitness effects with compensatory growth (tolerance). Factors mediating the selection for defenses such as herbivory and competition are in constant flux in an early secondary successional community, which can create temporal variation in selection for these traits. We manipulated successional age of the community and insect herbivory in a genotypic selection experiment with the perennial herb Solidago altissima. We found selection for investment in aboveground biomass in early succession but not in mid-succession, suggesting that the importance of competition is highest in the very first years of succession. Herbivory selected for smaller and better defended plants in both successional ages but decreased plant survival and probability of flowering only in mid-succession. Despite dramatic differences in herbivory between early and mid-succession, selection on defense traits did not change. These results demonstrate that changes in the community that affect key life-history traits in an individual species can occur over very short timescales in a dynamic secondary successional environment. Such temporal variation may be an important, yet overlooked, contributor to adaptive mosaics across populations.</p>
Herbivory selects for tolerance and constitutive defence across stages of community succession
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Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress
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Data from: Lineage and latitudinal variation in Phragmites australis tolerance to herbivory: implications for invasion success
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Arabidopsis Tolerance to herbivory: Arabidopsis BioCON evolutionary study
We know a lot about the potential ecological effects of increasing concentrations to atmospheric CO2; however, we know relatively little about whether increased concentrations will also affect evolution. In collaboration with Jennifer Lau (KBS and Michigan State University), Peter Reich (U of MN Forestry) and Ruth Shaw (U of MN EEB) we are using a combination traditional quantitative genetic and QTL approaches to determine the effect elevated CO2 has on; patterns of selection, responses to selection, and the genetic basis of phenotypic variation.
Data from: Costs and tradeoffs of resistance and tolerance to belowground herbivory in potato
1. The success of sustainable crop production depends on our ability to select or create varieties that can allocate resources to both growth and defence. However, breeding efforts have emphasized increases in yields but have partially neglected defence traits against pests. Estimating the costs of multiple defences against tuber herbivores and the tradeoffs among them, as well as understanding the relationship between yield and multiple defences is still unknown but relevant to both basic and applied ecology. 2. Using twenty commercial potato varieties available in Colombia and the tuber herbivore Tecia solanivora, we tested whether high yielding varieties show a reduction in three types of defence: constitutive and induced resistance, as well as tolerance. Specifically, we determined (1) the costs in terms of yield of all three defences, (2) the possible tradeoffs among them, and (3) if oviposition preference was related to the expression of these defences. 3. We detected no costs in terms of yield of constitutive and induced resistance to tuber damage. We did, however, find evidence of costs of being able to tolerate tuber herbivory. While we found no tradeoffs among any of the estimated defences, there was a positive correlation between aboveground compensatory growth and tolerance in terms of tuber production, suggesting that after damage there are no shifts in the allocation of resources from aboveground to belowground biomass. Finally, we found that females laid more eggs on those varieties with the lowest level of constitutive resistance. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest that in potatoes, breeding for higher yields has not caused any reduction in constitutive or induced resistance to tuber damage. This is not the case for tolerance where those varieties with higher yields are also less likely to tolerate tuber damage. Given the high incidence of tuber pests in Colombia, selecting for higher tolerance could allow for high productivity in the presence of herbivores. Finding mechanisms to decouple the tolerance response from yield should be a new priority in potato breeding in Colombia to guarantee a higher yield in both the presence and absence of herbivores.
Data from: Historically browsed jewelweed populations exhibit greater tolerance to deer herbivory than historically protected populations
Browsing by overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has altered ecological relationships in forest communities across eastern North America. Recent but limited work suggests that deer browsing also selects for particular plant defensive traits. We hypothesized that browsing by deer has imposed selection on defensive traits in an annual native wildflower, orange jewelweed (Impatiens capensis). To test this hypothesis, we collected individuals from 26 natural populations across a 5000 km2 area in New York State, USA. Half of these populations were historically protected from deer and half were exposed to heavy browsing. We planted individuals in common gardens subjected to natural deer browsing or no browsing. Individuals from historically browsed populations exhibited significantly higher tolerance than those from historically protected populations. Herbivory by deer reduced lifetime fruit production by only 20% in historically browsed populations, as opposed to 57% in historically protected populations. Two mechanisms were correlated with this increased tolerance: increased number of flowering days and increased fruits per flowering node. Synthesis The increased tolerance of historically browsed populations suggests that these populations evolved increased tolerance or that historically protected populations lost tolerance over time. Variation in tolerance traits in native plant species may allow them to persist in the face of rapid ecological change.
Data for "An insect pheromone primes tolerance of herbivory in goldenrod plants"
<p>Data for "An insect pheromone primes tolerance of herbivory in goldenrod plants"</p><p>Data include all raw data necessary for the analyses of the manuscript. These include data on the growth, flower production, rhizome production, and gall induction of goldenrod plants (<i>Solidago altissima</i>) after exposure to a priming cue gradient and a specialist herbivore that is the source of the priming cue. It also contains data on female herbivore oviposition preference.</p><p> </p><p>Description of the data and file structure</p><p>The data are divided into four sheets. The first contains data necessary for analyses presented in the main text. The second contains data for analyses presented in the supplement. The third presents data from a separate experiment presented in the supplement, and the fourth contains R code for the analyses performed.</p><p> </p><p>Sharing/Access information</p><p>These data are currently only available on Zenodo.</p>
Rapid evolutionary tradeoffs between resistance to herbivory and tolerance to abiotic stress in an invasive plant
<p>The datatset was collected from field survey, common garden experiments and lab experiments. All data analyses were performed in R 4.1.3 (R Development Core Team 2021) and SPSS 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Somers, NY, USA). The effects of re-association history (infested vs. uninfested; 0-, 9-, 13-, 17-year-reassociation) on insect bioassays (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of <em>O. communa</em>), plant assays including biomass ratio, MDA change rate and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS), and leaf chemical assays (concentrations of tannin, lignin, CGA, two individual flavonol derivates, nitrogen and carbon) were estimated using general linear mixed models (LMMs) in R, with reassociation history as a fixed factor and population (nested within reassociation history) as a random factor. For all these data, we also separately assessed correlations with the duration of re-association with the specialist natural enemy (the number of re-association years, i.e., 0, 9, 13, 17) at the individual level using Spearman correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. To analyze the correlation between insect traits (i.e., development time, weight, pepsin and trypsin enzyme activity of <em>O. communa</em>) and leaf defensive chemicals (i.e., tannin and lignin), we calculated the mean value of each index at the population level for each of the four re-association durations and used Pearson correlation assays in SPSS 20.0. The same procedure was followed for analyzing the correlation between drought stress tolerance and concentrations of leaf antioxidant chemicals. In addition, for the widely targeted metabolic data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using R to visualize the sample distributions.</p>
Data from: Historically browsed jewelweed populations exhibit greater tolerance to deer herbivory than historically protected populations
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Data from: Costs and tradeoffs of resistance and tolerance to belowground herbivory in potato
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Data from: Tolerance to deer herbivory and resistance to insect herbivores in the common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)
The evolution of plant defence in response to herbivory will depend on the fitness effects of damage, availability of genetic variation, and potential ecological and genetic constraints on defence. Here we examine the potential for evolution of tolerance to deer herbivory in Oenothera biennis while simultaneously considering resistance to natural insect herbivores. We examined: i) the effects of deer damage on fitness; ii) the presence of genetic variation in tolerance and resistance; iii) selection on tolerance; iv) genetic correlations with resistance that could constrain evolution of tolerance; and v) plant traits that might predict defence. In a field experiment, we simulated deer damage occurring early and late in the season, recorded arthropod abundances, flowering phenology, and measured growth rate and lifetime reproduction. Our study showed that deer herbivory has a negative effect on fitness, with effects being more pronounced for late-season damage. Selection acted to increase tolerance to deer damage, yet there was low and non-significant genetic variation in this trait. In contrast, there was substantial genetic variation in resistance to insect herbivores. Resistance was genetically uncorrelated with tolerance, whereas positive genetic correlations in resistance to insect herbivores suggest there exists diffuse selection on resistance traits. In addition, growth rate and flowering time did not predict variation in tolerance, but flowering phenology was genetically correlated with resistance. Our results suggest that deer damage has the potential to exert selection because browsing reduces plant fitness, but limited standing genetic variation in tolerance is expected to constrain adaptive evolution in O. biennis.
Data from: Tolerance to deer herbivory and resistance to insect herbivores in the common evening primrose (Oenothera biennis)
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Data from: Latitudinal variation in resistance and tolerance to herbivory in the perennial herb Lythrum salicaria is related to intensity of herbivory and plant phenology
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Data from: Evolutionary changes in plant tolerance against herbivory through a resurrection experiment
Both theoretical and empirical works have highlighted the difference in the evolutionary implications of host resistance and tolerance against their enemies. However, it has been difficult to show evolutionary changes in host defences in natural populations; thus, evaluating theoretical predictions of simultaneous evolution of defences remains a challenge. We studied the evolutionary changes in traits related to resistance and tolerance against herbivory in a natural plant population using seeds from two collections made in a period of 20 years. In a common garden experiment, we compared defensive traits of ancestral (1987) and descendant (2007) subpopulations of the annual plant Datura stramonium that shows genetic variation for tolerance and to which the specialist herbivore Lema daturaphila is locally adapted. We also examined the effects of different plant genotypes on the herbivore for testing the plant genetic variation in resistance. Based on the response to the contemporary herbivore populations, results revealed a nonsignificant response in plant resistance traits (herbivore consumption, foliar trichomes and tropane alkaloids), but a significant one in tolerance. The survival of herbivores in laboratory experiments depended on the plant genotype, which suggests genetic variation in plant resistance. Although we cannot identify the selective agent for the change nor exclude genetic drift, the results are consistent with the expectation that when resistance fails to control herbivory, tolerance should play a more important role in the evolution of the interaction.
Data from: Evolutionary changes in plant tolerance against herbivory through a resurrection experiment
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