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80 results for “heterosis”
Data for: Multi-generational fitness effects of natural immigration indicate strong heterosis and epistatic breakdown in a wild bird population
<p><span>The fitness of immigrants and their descendants produced within recipient populations fundamentally underpins the genetic </span><span>and population dynamic</span><span> consequences of immigration. </span><span>I</span><span>mmigrants can </span><span>in principle </span><span>induce contrasting genetic effects on fitness across generations, reflecting multi-faceted additive, dominance, and epistatic effects. Y</span><span>et, full multi-generational and sex-specific fitness effects of regular immigration have not been quantified within naturally structured systems, precluding inference on underlying genetic architectures </span><span>and population outcomes</span><span>. We used four decades of song sparrow </span><span>(<em>Melospiza melodia</em>)</span> <span>life-history and pedigree data to quantify fitness of natural immigrants, natives, and their F1, F2, and backcross descendants, and test for evidence of non-additive genetic effects. Values of key fitness components (including adult lifetime reproductive success and zygote survival) of F1 offspring of immigrant-native matings substantially exceeded their parent mean, indicating strong heterosis. Meanwhile, F2 offspring of F1-F1 matings had notably low values, indicating surprisingly strong epistatic breakdown. Further, magnitudes of effects varied among fitness components, and</span> <span>differed between female</span><span>s</span><span> and male</span><span>s</span><span> descendants. These results demonstrate that strong non-additive genetic effects on fitness can arise within </span><span>weakly </span><span>structured </span><span>and fragmented </span><span>populations </span><span>experiencing </span><span>frequent </span><span>natural </span><span>immigration. </span><span>Such effects will substantially affect the net </span><span>degree of effective gene flow and resulting local genetic introgression and adaptation.</span></p>
Data from: Microbe-dependent heterosis in maize
<p>Data and statistical code associated with the manuscript "<strong>Microbe-dependent heterosis in maize" </strong>Wagner, Maggie R.; Tang, Clara; Salvato, Fernanda; Clouse, Kayla M.; Bartlett, Alexandria; Vintila, Simina; Phillips, Laura; Sermons, Shannon; Hoffmann, Mark; Balint-Kurti, Peter J.; Kleiner, Manuel (2021) PNAS July 27, 2021 118 (30) e2021965118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021965118</p> <p><strong>19 October 2020: </strong>new version posted to add <strong>fum_16S_ITS.zip</strong></p> <ul> <li>Archive containing processed 16S and ITS amplicon data (i.e., ASV tables) from the soil fumigation experiment. In addition, it contains all code and accessory files used to process and analyze the sequence data. The archive contains its own readme.txt with details on the files and their usage.</li> </ul> <p><strong>27 July 2021: </strong>new version 3 posted to add <strong>Expt4_data.xlsx</strong> and <strong>SynCom_colonization_data.xlsx</strong> . New version 4 posted to include the updated README and analytical code (mdh_analysis_revised.R)</p> <ul> <li><strong>Expt4_data.xlsx </strong>= Raw data from Experiment 4 (Kansas field experiment, summer 2020)</li> <li><strong>SynCom_colonization_data.xlsx</strong> = Raw measurements of colonization rates of SynCom bacterial strains in 4 maize genotypes</li> </ul> <p>Funding: National Science Foundation, IOS-2033621</p>
Epistatic QTL for yield heterosis in tomato
<p>Controlled population development and genome-wide association studies have proven powerful in uncovering genes and alleles underlying complex traits. An underexplored dimension of such studies is the phenotypic contribution of non-additive interactions between quantitative trait loci (QTL). Capturing such epistasis in a genome-wide manner requires very large populations to represent replicated combinations of loci whose interactions determine phenotypic outcomes. Here, we dissect epistasis using a densely genotyped population of 1400 backcross-inbred lines (BILs) between a modern processing tomato inbred (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) and the Lost Accession of a distant, green-fruited, drought-tolerant wild species, <em>Solanum pennellii</em>. The homozygous BILs, each representing an average of 11 introgressions, and their hybrids with the recurrent parents were phenotyped for tomato yield components. Population-wide mean yield of the BILs was less than 50% of that of their hybrids (BILH), and correspondingly, homozygous introgressions across the genome reduced yield relative to recurrent parent while several QTL of the BILHs independently improved productivity. Analysis of two QTL scans showed 32 cases of less than additive and 48 cases of more than additive interactions. Strikingly, one epistatic interaction involving <em>S. pennellii</em> QTL on chromosomes 1 and 7, which independently did not affect yield, increased fruit yield by 20-50% in the double introgression hybrid grown in irrigated and dry fields over a period of three years and varied genetic backgrounds. Our work demonstrates the power of large, interspecific controlled population development to uncover hidden QTL phenotypes, and how rare epistatic interactions can improve crop productivity via heterosis.</p>
Epistatic QTL for yield heterosis in tomato
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Statistical methods and data for: Absence of heterosis for hypoxia tolerance in F1 hybrids of Tigriopus californicus
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Data for: Multi-generational fitness effects of natural immigration indicate strong heterosis and epistatic breakdown in a wild bird population
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Multigenerational hybridisation results in heterosis and facilitates adaptive introgression, with no evidence of outbreeding depression in a pair of marine gastropods
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Data from: Heterosis of leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes in field-grown maize
<p>Data and code associated with the submitted manuscript "<strong>Heterosis of leaf and rhizosphere microbiomes in field-grown maize</strong>". Detailed descriptions of each file can be found in the README.txt . The raw sequence data associated with this work can be downloaded from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, listed under BioProject #PRJNA597058.</p>
Data from: Heterosis is common and inbreeding depression absent in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
The importance of genetic drift in shaping patterns of adaptive genetic variation in nature is poorly known. Genetic drift should drive partially recessive deleterious mutations to high frequency, and inter‐population crosses may therefore exhibit heterosis (increased fitness relative to intra‐population crosses). Low genetic diversity and greater genetic distance between populations should increase the magnitude of heterosis. Moreover, drift and selection should remove strongly deleterious recessive alleles from individual populations, resulting in reduced inbreeding depression. To estimate heterosis, we crossed 90 independent line pairs of Arabidopsis thaliana from 15 pairs of natural populations sampled across Fennoscandia, and crossed an additional 41 line pairs from a subset of 4 of these populations to estimate inbreeding depression. We measured lifetime fitness of crosses relative to parents in a large outdoor common garden (8448 plants in total) in central Sweden. To examine the effects of genetic diversity and genetic distance on heterosis, we genotyped parental lines for 869 SNPs. Overall, genetic variation within populations was low (median expected heterozygosity = 0.02), and genetic differentiation was high (median FST = 0.82). Crosses between 10 of 15 population pairs exhibited significant heterosis, with magnitudes of heterosis as high as 117%. We found no significant inbreeding depression, suggesting that the observed heterosis is due to fixation of mildly deleterious alleles within populations. Widespread and substantial heterosis indicates an important role for drift in shaping genetic variation, but there was no significant relationship between fitness of crosses relative to parents and genetic diversity or genetic distance between populations.
Parental population range expansion before secondary contact promotes heterosis
<p>Population genomic analysis of hybrid zones is instrumental to our understanding of the evolution of reproductive isolation. Many temperate hybrid zones are formed by the secondary contact between two parental populations that have undergone post-glacial range expansion. Here we show that explicitly accounting for historical parental isolation followed by range expansion prior to secondary contact is fundamental for explaining genetic and fitness patterns in these hybrid zones. Specifically, ancestral population expansion can result in allele surfing where neutral or slightly deleterious mutations drift to high frequency at the expansion front. If these surfed deleterious alleles are recessive, they can contribute to substantial heterosis in hybrids produced at secondary contact, counteracting negative effects of Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (BDMIs) hence weakening reproductive isolation. When BDMIs are linked to such recessive deleterious alleles the fitness benefit of introgression at these loci can facilitate introgression at the BDMIs. The extent to which this occurs depends on the strength of selection against the linked deleterious alleles and the distribution of recombination across the chromosome. Finally, surfing of neutral loci can alter the expected pattern of population ancestry, thus accounting for historical population expansion is necessary to develop accurate null genomic models of secondary-contact hybrid zones.</p>
Parental population range expansion before secondary contact promotes heterosis
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Data from: Heterosis is common and inbreeding depression absent in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
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Data from: A dominance hypothesis argument for historical genetic gains and the fixation of heterosis in octoploid strawberry
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Data from: Individual and social heterosis act independently in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies
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Data from: Enhanced correlations of EST-SSR based genetic distance with hybrid performance, specific hybridizing ability and heterosis using effect-increasing and effect-decreasing alleles: a case study in Eucalyptus L'Hér
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Data from: Predicting heterosis and inbreeding depression from population size and density to inform management efforts
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Tomato fruit quality traits and metabolite content are affected by reciprocal crosses and heterosis
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Data from: The conservation value of small population remnants: variability in inbreeding depression and heterosis of a perennial herb, the narrow-leaved purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia)
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Data from: Genetic admixture and heterosis may enhance the invasiveness of common ragweed
Biological invasions are often associated with multiple introductions and genetic admixture of previously isolated populations. In addition to enhanced evolutionary potential through increased genetic variation, admixed genotypes may benefit from heterosis, which could contribute to their increased performance and invasiveness. To deepen our understanding of the mechanisms and management strategies for biological invasions, we experimentally studied whether intraspecific admixture causes heterosis in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) by comparing the performance of crosses (F1) between populations relative to crosses within these populations for each range (native, introduced) under different ecologically relevant conditions (control, drought, competition, simulated herbivory). Performance of admixed genotypes was highly variable, ranging from strong heterotic effects to weak outbreeding depression. Moreover, heterosis was not uniformly observed among between-population crosses, but certain native population crosses showed considerable heterosis, especially under simulated herbivory. In contrast, heterosis was largely absent in crosses from the introduced range, possibly implying that these populations were already admixed and benefit little from further mixing. In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that heterosis may contribute to biological invasions, and indicate the need to minimize new introductions of exotic species, even if they are already present in the introduced range.
Data from: Heterosis and outbreeding depression in crosses between natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana
Understanding the causes and architecture of genetic differentiation between natural populations is of central importance in evolutionary biology. Crosses between natural populations can result in heterosis if recessive or nearly recessive deleterious mutations have become fixed within populations because of genetic drift. Divergence between populations can also result in outbreeding depression because of genetic incompatibilities. The net fitness consequences of between-population crosses will be a balance between heterosis and outbreeding depression. We estimated the magnitude of heterosis and outbreeding depression in the highly selfing model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, by crossing replicate line pairs from two sets of natural populations (C↔R, B↔S) separated by similar geographic distances (Italy↔Sweden). We examined the contribution of different modes of gene action to overall differences in estimates of lifetime fitness and fitness components using joint scaling tests with parental, reciprocal F1 and F2, and backcross lines. One of these population pairs (C↔R) was previously demonstrated to be locally adapted, but locally maladaptive quantitative trait loci were also found, suggesting a role for genetic drift in shaping adaptive variation. We found markedly different genetic architectures for fitness and fitness components in the two sets of populations. In one (C↔R), there were consistently positive effects of dominance, indicating the masking of recessive or nearly recessive deleterious mutations that had become fixed by genetic drift. The other set (B↔S) exhibited outbreeding depression because of negative dominance effects. Additional studies are needed to explore the molecular genetic basis of heterosis and outbreeding depression, and how their magnitudes vary across environments.
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