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161 results for “high Andes”
Miocene construction of the High Andes recorded by exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera, La Ramada Massif of western Argentina (32°S) (Supporting Information)
<p>Supporting datasets for Howlett et al., "Miocene construction of the High Andes recorded by exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera, La Ramada Massif of western Argentina (32°S)" in <em>TECTONICS.</em></p>
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
<p>• Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history.</p> <p>• We used dispersal-related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth-corner analysis together with RLQ ordination.</p> <p>• A median of 36% species in the communities were anemochorous (wind-dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory-herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialised seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments.</p> <p>• While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role.</p> <p>• Synthesis: We showed that dispersal related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition.</p>
Figs. 1–2 in First high-altitude record of Bucculatrix mirnae Vargas and Moreira (Lepidoptera, Bucculatricidae) on a newly documented host plant: the importance of host plant distribution for conservation on the western slopes of the Andes mountains of northern Chile
Figs. 1–2. The habitats of Bucculatrix mirnae in the arid northern Chile. (1) The lowland Azapa Valley (type locality) located in the coastal Atacama Desert close sea level. (2) The highland neighborhood of Putre village at about 3500 m elevation on the western slopes of the Andes.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new high-altitude species of centipede from the Andes of Ecuador (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new high-altitude species of centipede from the Andes of Ecuador (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Schendylidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c26ef882-a4b3-4d52-9b9a-9613c5d26680">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c26ef882-a4b3-4d52-9b9a-9613c5d26680</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c26ef882-a4b3-4d52-9b9a-9613c5d26680">https://gbif.org/dataset/c26ef882-a4b3-4d52-9b9a-9613c5d26680</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Small range distributions in the high Andes: two new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from Colombia.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Small range distributions in the high Andes: two new species of Liaghinella (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae) from Colombia". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6a00d899-3a3b-499f-a2d1-92fb0d526eea">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6a00d899-3a3b-499f-a2d1-92fb0d526eea</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6a00d899-3a3b-499f-a2d1-92fb0d526eea">https://gbif.org/dataset/6a00d899-3a3b-499f-a2d1-92fb0d526eea</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data and Code for figures of "Long-range transport and fate of DMS-oxidation products in the free troposphere derived from observations at the high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes"
<p>This database includes the material to create the figures in "Measurement Report: Long-range transport and fate of DMS-oxidation products in the free troposphere derived from observations at the high-altitude research station Chacaltaya (5240 m a.s.l.) in the Bolivian Andes" and the analyzed time series of all atmospheric variables presented.</p>
Spatiotemporal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and stream water in a high elevation tropical catchment in the Central Andes of Colombia
<p>Stable isotopes data set for the manuscript "Spatio-temporal variability of stable isotopes in precipitation and stream water of a high elevation tropical catchment in the Central Andes of Colombia".</p> <p>Data also used by Andrés Tangarife-Escobar for the thesis "Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of stable isotopes and their driving factors in the Upper Claro River Basin, Colombian Andes" to obtain the title of MSc in "Tropical Hydrogeology and Environmental Engineering" at the Technische Universität Darmstadt (Germany) in 2019. </p> <p>Samples collected by Jorge Ceballos from IDEAM (Colombia) and analyzed by the Servicio Geologico Colombiano. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
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Data from: Warming had contrasting effects on the importance of facilitative interactions with a cushion nurse species on native and non-native species in the high-Andes of central Chile
<p>Alpine habitats are regarded as particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. On one hand, global warming is supposed to contributes to alpine environments becoming less stressful. On the other hand, altered snowpack due to warmer temperatures can intensify the stress in these habitats. The presence of non-native plants on some of these habitats is due to the facilitative effects exerted by native nurse plants, becoming an additional threat. According to the stress gradient hypothesis the importance of facilitative interactions with nurse species is expected to diminish as environmental harshness decreases due to climate change, yet remains important if climate change heightens the stress in alpine habitats. However, the responses also depend on climate change's impact on the nurse species. We conducted an experimental warming experiment in the Andes of the central Chile to assess the effects of warmer temperatures on the growth, reproduction and photochemical efficiency of the cushion nurse plant Azorella madreporica. Further we performed a cushion removal experiment involving three native species (Gamocarpha ventosa, Nocaccea magellanica and Rytidosperma pictum) and two non-native species (Cerastium arvense and Taraxacum officinale) to assess whether facilitative interactions changed with warming. We expected that under warmer conditions facilitation continued be important for the native species but decreased for the non-natives as the latter are abundant at warmer low elevations. We found that warmer conditions increased the photochemical efficiency and growth of the nurse cushions. Removal of cushions resulted in high mortality rates for all species. However, under warmer conditions, native species exhibited lower survival rates, whereas non-natives showed no significant changes compared to control groups. In summary, warmer temperatures were beneficial for the nurses maintaining the importance of facilitative interactions for native species, but not for the non-natives.</p>
Miocene construction of the High Andes recorded by exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera, La Ramada Massif of western Argentina (31°S) (Supporting Information)
<p>Supporting datasets for Howlett et al., "Miocene construction of the High Andes recorded by exhumation of the Frontal Cordillera, La Ramada Massif of western Argentina (31°S)" <em><strong>in review</strong></em> at <em>Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) </em>as of <strong>April 3, 2024.</strong></p>
Data from: High foraging fidelity and plant-pollinator network dominance of non-native honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the Ecuadorian Andes
<p>These data reflect the floral visitor survey and mark-recapture efforts used in the 2022 study, "High Foraging Fidelity and Plant‑Pollinator Network Dominance of Non‑native Honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>) in the Ecuadorian Andes"</p>
Compositional shifts of alpine plant communities across the High Andes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Climate change is transforming mountain summit plant communities worldwide, but we know little about such changes in the High Andes. Understanding large-scale patterns of vegetation changes across the Andes, and the factors driving these changes, is fundamental to predicting the effects of global warming. We assessed trends in vegetation cover, species richness (SR) and community-level thermal niches (CTN) and tested whether they are explained by summits' climatic conditions and soil temperature trends.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: High Andes</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>: Between 2011/2012 and 2017/2019</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Vascular plants</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using permanent vegetation plots placed on 45 mountain summits and soil temperature loggers situated along a ~6,800 km N-S gradient, we measured species and their percentage cover and estimated CTN in two surveys (intervals between 5-8 years). We then estimated the annual rate of changes for the three variables and used generalized linear models to assess their relationship with rates of change in the locally recorded soil temperatures, annual precipitation, and the minimum air temperatures of each summit.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Over time, there was an average loss of vegetation cover (mean = -0.26 %/yr), and a gain in SR across summits (mean = 0.38 species m<sup>2</sup>/yr), but most summits had significant increases in SR and vegetation cover. Changes in SR were positively related to minimum air temperature and soil temperature rate of change. Most plant communities experienced shifts in their composition by including greater abundances of species with broader thermal niches and higher optima. However, the measured changes in soil temperature did not explain the observed changes in CTN.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: High-Andean vegetation is changing in cover and SR and is shifting towards species with wider thermal niche breadths. The weak relationship with soil temperature trends could have resulted from the short study period that only marginally captures changes in vegetation through time.</p>
Data from: Molecular evidence of introgression between water frog species (Anura: Telmatobiidae) in the high Andes
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Compositional shifts of alpine plant communities across the High Andes
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Data from: High foraging fidelity and plant-pollinator network dominance of non-native honeybees (Apis mellifera) in the Ecuadorian Andes
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Data from: Warming had contrasting effects on the importance of facilitative interactions with a cushion nurse species on native and non-native species in the high-Andes of central Chile
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Thermal adaptations to extreme freeze-thaw cycles in the high tropical Andes
<p>Temperature plays a key role in the biology of ectotherms, including anurans, which are found at higher elevations in the tropics than anywhere in the temperate zone. High-elevation tropical environments are characterized by extreme daily thermal fluctuation including high daily maxima and nightly freezing. Our study investigated the contrasting operative temperatures of the anurans <i>Telmatobius marmoratus </i>and<i> Pleurodema marmoratum</i> in different environmental contexts at the same elevation and biome above 5200 meters. <i>Telmatobius marmoratus</i> avoids extremes of daily temperature fluctuation by utilizing thermally buffered aquatic habitat at all life stages, with minimal operative temperature variation (range: 4.6–8.0°C).<i> Pleurodema marmoratum</i>, in contrast, experienced operative temperatures from -3.5 to 44°C and has one of the widest thermal breadths reported for any tropical frog, from >32°C (critical thermal maximum) to surviving freezing periods of 1 hr and 6 hr down to -3.0°C. Our findings expand experimental evidence of frost tolerance in amphibians to the widespread Neotropical family Leptodactylidae, the first such evidence of frost tolerance in a tropical amphibian. Our study identifies three strategies (wide thermal tolerance breadth, use of buffered microhabitats, and behavioral thermoregulation), which allow these tropical frogs to withstand the current wide daily thermal fluctuation above 5000 masl and which may help them adapt to future climatic changes.</p>
Thermal niche traits of high alpine plant species and communities across the tropical Andes and their vulnerability to global warming
<a name="_Hlk10643461">Aim</a> <p>The Climate Variability Hypothesis (CVH) predicts that locations with reduced seasonal temperature variation select for species with narrower thermal ranges. Here we (1) test the CVH by assessing the effect of latitude and elevation on the thermal ranges of Andean vascular plant species and communities, and (2) assess tropical alpine plants vulnerability to warming based on their thermal traits.</p> Location <p>Tropical Andes</p> Taxon <p>Vascular plants</p> Methods <p>Temperature data for 505 vascular plant species from alpine communities on 49 summits, were extracted from 29,627 geo-referenced occurrences. Species thermal niche traits (TNTs) were estimated using bootstrapping for: minimum temperature, optimum (mean) temperature, and breadth (maximum-minimum). Plant community-weighted scores were estimated using the TNTs of their constituent species. CVH was tested for species, biogeographic species groups and communities. Vulnerability to global warming was assessed for species, biogeographic species groups and communities.</p> Results <p>Species restricted to the equator showed narrower thermal niche breadth than species whose ranges stretch far from the equator, however, no difference in niche breadth was found across summits' elevation. Biogeographic species groups distributed close to the equator and restricted to alpine regions showed narrower niche breadth than those with broader ranges. Community weighted-scores of thermal niche breadth were positively related to distance from equator but not to elevation. Based on their TNTs, species restricted to equatorial latitudes and plant communities dominated by these species were identified as the most vulnerable to the projected 1.5 °C warming, due to a potentially higher risk of losing thermal niche space.</p> Main conclusions <p>Our study confirms that the CVH applies to high tropical Andean plant species and communities, where latitude had a strong effect on the thermal niche breadth. TNTs are identified as suitable indicators of species' vulnerability to warming and are suggested to be included in long-term biodiversity monitoring in the Andes.</p>
Data from: Puma predation subsidizes an obligate scavenger in the high Andes
The ungulate–carnivore–vulture complex is a key trophic module of many terrestrial ecosystems, but one that is globally under threat. Few have explored cross-species dependencies in this module, and the degree to which vultures rely on trophic facilitation by apex carnivores is rarely known and almost never quantified. We investigated the importance of puma Puma concolor predation on its native camelid prey, vicuñas Vicugna vicugna and guanacos Lama guanicoe, in food provisioning for Andean condors Vultur gryphus in the high Andes of north-western Argentina. We evaluated the origin of wild food sources through carcass surveys. We quantified condor feeding habits via foraging observations and through the analysis of pellet contents and stable isotopes from moulted feathers. Of the 102 fresh camelid carcasses we monitored nearly all (94%) resulted from puma predation, and the majority (85%) of camelid carcasses used by condors were killed by pumas. Camelids represented 88% of the prey items identified from 183 condor pellets, and isotopic analyses of moulted feathers from 86 individuals identified via multilocus genotyping revealed that camelids and livestock were the most important prey items, representing 45–58% and 23–38% of condor assimilated biomass, respectively. Synthesis and applications. Our results show that puma predation plays a key role in the foraging ecology of Andean condors, and highlight the importance of predatory processes that make carrion available to scavengers. We contend that targeting the conservation of ungulate–carnivore–vulture modules, rather than a species-specific approach, will be a more effective strategy to ensure the long-term persistence of Andean condors and other obligate scavengers.
FIGURES 19–24 in Peruphasma marmoratum, a remarkable new species of high montane Phasmatodea (Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae) from the Venezuelan Andes
FIGURES 19–24. Peruphasma marmoratum sp. n. – 19: mandible, basal view; 20: mandible, lateral view; 21: mandible, apical view; 22: sensilla basiconica of tergite X; 23: pretarsus of hind leg; 24: apical part of metatarsus, ventral view – scale 1 mm: Figs 19, 21; 0.5 mm: Figs 20, 23; 0.25 mm: Fig 24; 0.2 mm: Fig 22
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