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Figure 8 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 8. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (A-C) Pleopods 1-3, dorsal view, respectively. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 7 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 7. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male holotype (MZUSP 40976): (A-C) Epimeral plates 1-3, lateral view, respectively. Male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (D-F) Uropods 1-3, lateral view, respectively; (G) Telson, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm for G; 2.0 mm for A-C; 1.0 mm for the remaining.

Figure 4 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 4. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (A) Right gnathopod 1, lateral view; (B) Left gnathopod 1, mesial view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 1 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 1. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male holotype (MZUSP 40976): (A) Habitus, lateral view; (B-D) Urosomites 1-3, dorsal view, respectively. Scale bars: 10.0 mm for A; 2.0 mm for B-D.

Figure 3 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 3. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (A) Left maxilla 1, dorsal view; (B) Detail of the right palp of maxilla 1, dorsal view; (C) Left maxilla 2, dorsal view; (D) Left maxilliped, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm for B; 1.0 mm for D; 0.5 mm for the remaining.

Figure 2 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 2. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (A) Head, lateral view; (B) Right antenna 1, lateral view; (C) Right antenna 2, lateral view; (D) Upper lip, dorsal view; (E) Lower lip, dorsal view; (F) Left mandible, mesial view; (G) Right mandible, mesial view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 6 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 6. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (A) Right pereopod 3, lateral view; (B) Right pereopod 4, lateral view; (C) Right pereopod 5, lateral view; (D) Right pereopod 6, lateral view; (E) Right pereopod 7, lateral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figure 5 in A new species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae) from extreme high-altitude Lake Tong Tso, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 5. Gammarus pontual sp. nov., male paratype (MZUSP 40977): (A) Right gnathopod 2, lateral view; (B) Left gnathopod 2, mesial view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

publicFeb 2021View details →

dryad36/100

Dataset for: Molecular diversity of dragonflies in high altitude Andean lakes through DNA barcoding

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dryad32/100

Data from: Effects of UVB radiation on grazing of two cladocerans from high-altitude Andean lakes

Climate change and water extraction may result in increased exposition of the biota to ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) in high-altitude Andean lakes. Although exposition to lethal doses in these lakes is unlikely, sub-lethal UVB doses may have strong impacts in key compartments such as zooplankton. Here, we aimed at determining the effect of sub-lethal UVB doses on filtration rates of two cladoceran species (Daphnia pulicaria and Ceriodaphnia dubia). We firstly estimated the Incipient Limiting Concentration (ILC) and the Gut Passage Time (GPT) for both species. Thereafter we exposed clones of each species to four increasing UVB doses (treatments): i) DUV-0 (Control), ii) DUV-1 (0.02 MJ m2), iii) DUV-2 (0.03 MJ m2) and iv) DUV-3 (0.15 MJ m2); and estimated their filtration rates using fluorescent micro-spheres. Our results suggest that increasing sub-lethal doses of UVB radiation may strongly disturb the structure and functioning of high-altitude Andean lakes. Filtration rates of D. pulicaria were not affected by the lowest dose applied (DUV-1), but decreased by 50% in treatments DUV-2 and DUV-3. Filtration rates for C. dubia were reduced by more than 80% in treatments DUV-1 and DUV-2 and 100 % of mortality occurred at the highest UVB dose applied (DUV-3).

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Sentinel-2 derived Chlorophyll-a prediction maps for high-altitude lakes in the Sierra Nevada, Spain

This dataset contains chlorophyll-a (ug/L) predictions for 4 high-altitude lakes in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, Spain. Predictions were made using a simple linear regression model with field sample chlorophyll-a as the dependent variable, and the following Sentinel-2 derived spectral index as the independent variable:B3 - (B4+((B2-B4)*((665-560)/(665-490)))Prediction maps are included as GeoTiffs and NetCDF files. Sentinel-2 data were atmospherically corrected using the following algorithms: <ul><li><a href="https://github.com/acolite/acolite/releases/tag/20221114.0">ACOLITE</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2018.07.015">Vanhellemont & Ruddick, 2018</a>)</li><li><a href="https://grass.osgeo.org/grass83/manuals/i.atcorr.html">6SV</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/36.581987">Vermote et al. 2006</a>)</li></ul>Included Lakes and and their IDs:<ul><li>Laguna de la Caldera (ID = P-2)</li><li>Laguna-embalse de las Yeguas (ID = D-6)</li><li>Laguna de Río Seco (ID = P-8)</li><li>Laguna Larga (ID = G-7)</li></ul>

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

opennotspecifiedJun 2020View details →

FIGURES 49–59 SEM, internal valve views. Figs 49, 50, 55, 56 in Sichuaniella deqinensis sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from a high altitude lake in the Hengduan Mountains, SW China

FIGURES 49–59 SEM, internal valve views. Figs 49, 50, 55, 56. Internal view of entire valve. Areolae are probably occluded by hymenes internally when uncorroded. White arrows point where can be seen two elliptic cavities. Figs 51, 57, 58. Internal view of raphe with small helictoglossa. Figs 52–54, 57, 59. The central raphe ends are masked by a silica flap. Two elliptic cavities below the flaps are connected with narrow canals in the two peculiar appendices which protrude "pervalvar" into the valve interior. Scale bars = 200 nm (Figs 52, 53), 1 μm (Fig. 49–51, 54–59).

opennotspecifiedJun 2020View details →

FIGURES 39–48 SEM, external views. Figs. 39, 41, 43, 44 in Sichuaniella deqinensis sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from a high altitude lake in the Hengduan Mountains, SW China

FIGURES 39–48 SEM, external views. Figs. 39, 41, 43, 44. An entire valve with multiseriate area foramina. Fig. 40 Girdle views. Figs 45–48. Valve apices, raphe with short terminal fissures deflected. Fig.42. Valve center, the raphe curve to the primary side into very large, crater-like grooves. Scale bars = 2 μm (Figs. 40, 41), 1 μm (Figs 39, 42–48).

opennotspecifiedJun 2020View details →

FIGURES 1–38 in Sichuaniella deqinensis sp. nov., a new diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from a high altitude lake in the Hengduan Mountains, SW China

FIGURES 1–38 LM micrographs of the type population of Sichuaniella deqinensis in Lake Deqin5. Valve views, showing the valve variability of the holotype population. Figs 24/25; and 26/27 the pillar-like pairs of internal structures may provide a better stability of the frustules. This however only if it could be proved that they connect epi- and hypovalve. Scale bar = 2 μm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

FIGURES 19–21 SEM, internal valve views. Fig. 19 in Cymbella xiaojinensis sp. nov., a new cymbelloid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from high altitude lakes, China

FIGURES 19–21 SEM, internal valve views. Fig. 19. Internal view of entire valve. Fig. 21. Internal view of valve apex with prominent helictoglossa deflecting to the dorsal side. Fig. 20. Showing the valve centre and 1–2 stigmata as elongated furrows connected to the striae. Scale bars = 2 μm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2021View details →

FIGURES 15–18 SEM, external views. Fig. 15 in Cymbella xiaojinensis sp. nov., a new cymbelloid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from high altitude lakes, China

FIGURES 15–18 SEM, external views. Fig. 15. External view of an entire valve. Figs 17–18. Valve apices, striae with elliptic/rounded areolae and pore field separated by the distal raphe fissures. Fig.16. External view of valve center, the proximal raphe endings and the very large central area with 1–2 stigmata. Scale bars = 2 μm.