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80 results for “high dispersal”
Dataset and Simulation Files for article "Alumina coating for dispersion management in ultra-high Q microresonators"
<p>Link to arXiv submission: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.07826">https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.07826</a></p> <ul> <li>Figure 1 <ul> <li>Data, Jupyter scripts, and comsol simulations files for parts (d,e)</li> <li>Data, Jupyter scripts, and simulations files for parts (f,g,h)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Figure 2 <ul> <li>Raw AFM data for use in Gwydeon software</li> <li>Data, Jupyter scripts, and comsol simulations files for parts (d,e)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Figure 3 <ul> <li>Raw data and Jupyter processing scripts for transmission spectrum calibration (parts - b)</li> <li>Frequency calibrated transmission spectrum and GVD/ Quality factor Jupyter scripts (parts d-g)</li> </ul> </li> <li>Figure 4 <ul> <li>Experimental data for parts a-g</li> </ul> </li> <li>Supplementary data <ul> <li>Raw ellipsometer data</li> <li>1D COMSOL FEM solver and analytical validation (including Julia Jupyter script)</li> <li>Quality factor estimation based on scattering and water adsorption</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
<p>• Dispersal is a key ecological process that influences plant community assembly. Therefore, understanding whether dispersal strategies are associated with climate is of utmost importance, particularly in areas greatly exposed to climate change. We examined alpine plant communities located in the mountain summits of the tropical Andes across a 4000 km latitudinal gradient. We investigated species dispersal strategies and tested their association with climatic conditions and their evolutionary history.</p> <p>• We used dispersal-related traits (dispersal mode and growth form) to characterize dispersal strategies for 486 species recorded on 49 mountain summits. Then we analysed the phylogenetic signal of traits and investigated the association between dispersal traits, phylogeny, climate and space using structural equation modelling and fourth-corner analysis together with RLQ ordination.</p> <p>• A median of 36% species in the communities were anemochorous (wind-dispersed) and herbaceous. This dispersal strategy was followed by the barochory-herb combination (herbaceous with unspecialised seeds, dispersed by gravity) with a median of 26.3% species in the communities. The latter strategy was common among species with distributions restricted to alpine environments.</p> <p>• While trait states were phylogenetically conserved, they were significantly associated with a temperature gradient. Low minimum air temperatures, found at higher latitudes/elevations, were correlated with the prevalence of barochory and the herb growth form, traits that are common among Caryophyllales, Brassicaceae and Poaceae. Milder temperatures, found at lower latitudes/elevations, were associated with endozoochorous, shrub species mostly from the Ericaceae family. Anemochorous species were found all along the temperature gradient, possibly due to the success of anemochorous Compositae species in alpine regions. We also found that trait state dominance was more associated with the climatic conditions of the summit than with community phylogenetic structure. Although the evolutionary history of the tropical Andean flora has also shaped dispersal strategies, our results suggest that the environment had a more predominant role.</p> <p>• Synthesis: We showed that dispersal related traits are strongly associated with a gradient of minimum air temperatures in the Andes. Global warming may weaken this key filter at tropical alpine summits, potentially altering community dispersal strategies in this region and thus, plant community structure and composition.</p>
Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities
<p>Human-facilitated introductions of nonnative populations can lead to secondary contact between previously allopatric lineages, resulting in either homogenization of the lineages or stable hybrid zones that are maintained by pre-zygotic (e.g., behavioral) or post-zygotic (e.g., reduced hybrid fitness) reproductive barriers. We investigated patterns of gene flow between the native Sacramento Valley red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes patwin</em>) and an introduced conspecific population of captive-bred (fur-farm) origin in California's Central Valley. Considering their recent divergence (i.e., ~50 kya), we hypothesized that pre-zygotic mechanisms primarily impede gene flow, rather than post-zygotic barriers. Additionally, some genes originating in nonnative foxes may confer higher fitness in the currently human-dominated landscape resulting in selective introgression into the native population. Genetic analysis of 682 red foxes (255 native, 427 nonnative) at both mitochondrial (cytB + Dloop) and nuclear loci (~19,000 SNPs) revealed significantly narrower cline widths than expected under a simulated model of unrestricted gene flow, consistent with the existence of pre- or post-zygotic reproductive barriers. We identified several loci with reduced introgression linked to behavioral divergence in captive bred foxes, which supports pre-zygotic mechanisms as a putative driver of the narrow hybrid zone. Additionally, several loci with elevated gene flow from the nonnative into the native population, were near genes associated with adaptation to human dominated landscapes. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of hybrid zone dynamics in vertebrates, particularly in the context of species introductions and landscape changes, underscoring the importance of considering multiple mechanisms that may be at play in maintaining lineages at both the species and subspecies level.</p>
Fig. 15. Energy-dispersive X in On the Nature of Tintinnid Loricae (Ciliophora: Spirotricha: Tintinnina): a Histochemical, Enzymatic, EDX, and High-resolution TEM Study
Fig. 15. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (EDX) analysis in the scanning electron microscope, using uncoated material. The analysed area of the Eutintinnus angustatus lorica is marked by a white frame (~ 11 × 9 µm in size). Since this part of the lorica was freely suspended in the vacuum, elemental detection occurred without influence of the carbon substrate.
Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities
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Plant dispersal strategies of high tropical alpine communities across the Andes
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Data from: Varieties of the highly dispersible and hypervariable tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, differ in response to mechanical stress and light across a sharp ecotone
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The drivers of isolation between sympatric populations of long-lived and highly-dispersible conspecific plants are not well understood. In the Hawaiian Islands the landscape-dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, displays extraordinary phenotypic differences among sympatric varieties despite high dispersibility of its pollen and seeds, thereby presenting a unique opportunity to investigate how disruptive selection alone can maintain incipient forms. Stenophyllous M. polymorpha var. newellii is a recently evolved tree endemic to the waterways of east Hawai'i Island that shows striking neutral genetic differentiation from its ancestor, wet-forest var. glaberrima, despite sympatry of these forms. We looked for evidence for, and drivers of, differential local adaptation of these varieties across the range of var. newellii. METHODS: For paired populations of these varieties, we compared seedling performance under contrasting light conditions and a strong water current characteristic of the riparian zone. We also conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment and contrasted adult leaf anatomy. KEY RESULTS: Results suggest that the riparian zone is harsh and that selection involving the mechanical stress of rushing water, and secondarily light, lead to significant reciprocal immigrant inviability in adjacent forest and riparian environments. The strongest adaptive divergence between varieties was seen in leaves and seedlings from the site with the sharpest ecotone, coincident with the strongest genetic isolation of var. newellii observed previously. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that disruptive selection across a sharp ecotone contributes to the maintenance of an incipient riparian ecotype from within a continuous population of a long-lived and highly dispersible tree species.
Data for: DNA metabarcoding uncovers dispersal-constrained arthropods in a highly fragmented restoration setting
<p>Degraded areas are often restored through active revegetation, however recolonisation by animals is rarely engineered. Recolonisation may be rapid for species with strong dispersal abilities. However, poor dispersers, such as many flightless arthropods, may struggle to recolonise newly restored sites. Actively reintroducing or 'rewilding' arthropods may therefore be necessary to facilitate recolonisation and restoration of arthropod communities and the ecological functions they perform. However, active interventions are rare. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we asked whether potential source remnant arthropod communities were dispersal-constrained and struggling to recolonise restoration sites. Second, we tested whether reintroducing entire arthropod communities from remnant populations would help dispersal-constrained species establish during farmland ecological restoration in southern Australia. Rewilding was conducted in summer 2018 by transplanting leaf litter, soil, and entire communities contained within it from remnant source populations into geographically isolated restoration sites, which were paired with untreated controls (n = 6 remnant, rewilding transplant, and control sites). We collected leaf litter and extracted arthropod communities 19 months after the initial rewilding event, then sequenced mite, springtail, and insect communities using a metabarcoding approach. Within all groups, community similarity decreased with spatial distance between sites, suggesting significant dispersal barriers. However, only mite communities showed a strong response to rewilding, which was expressed as increased compositional similarity towards remnant sites and greater species richness relative to controls. Our results demonstrate that many arthropod species may struggle to recolonise geographically isolated restoration sites and that full community restoration requires active interventions via rewilding.</p>
Genetic differentiation and signatures of local adaptation revealed by RADseq for a highly-dispersive mud crab Scylla olivacea in the Sulu Sea
<p><b>Connectivity of marine populations is shaped by complex interactions of biological and physical processes across the seascape. The influence of environmental features on the genetic structure of populations has key implications to the dynamics and persistence of populations, and an understanding of spatial scales and patterns of connectivity is crucial for management and conservation. This study employed a seascape genomics approach combining larval dispersal modeling and population genomic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from RADseq to examine environmental factors influencing patterns of genetic structure and connectivity for a highly-dispersive mud crab, <em>Scylla olivacea</em> (Herbst, 1796) in the Sulu Sea. Dispersal simulations reveal widespread but asymmetric larval dispersal influenced by persistent southward and westward surface circulation features in the Sulu Sea. Despite potential for widespread dispersal across the Sulu Sea, significant genetic differentiation was detected among eight populations based on 1,655 SNPs (<em>F</em><sub>ST </sub> = 0.0057, p < 0.001) and a subset of 1,643 putatively neutral SNP markers (<em>F</em><sub>ST</sub></b><b> = 0.0042, p < 0.001). Oceanography influences genetic structure, with redundancy analysis (RDA) indicating significant contribution of asymmetric ocean currents to neutral genetic variation (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0.133; p = 0.035). Genetic structure may also reflect demographic factors, with divergent populations characterized by low effective population sizes (<em>N</em>e < 50). Pronounced latitudinal genetic structure was recovered for loci putatively under selection (</b><b><em>F</em><sub>ST</sub></b><b> = 0.2390, p < 0.001), significantly correlated with sea surface temperature variabilities during peak spawning months for <em>S. olivacea</em> (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0.692-0.763; p < 0.050), suggesting putative signatures of selection and local adaptation to thermal clines. While oceanography and dispersal ability likely shape patterns of gene flow and genetic structure of <em>S. olivacea</em> across the Sulu Sea, the impacts of genetic drift and natural selection influenced by sea surface temperature also appear as likely drivers of population genetic structure. This study contributes to the growing body of literature documenting population genetic structure and local adaptation for highly-dispersive marine species, and provides information useful for spatial management of the fishery resource.</b></p>
Transient Nuclear Criticality Excursion Analysis of Highly Dispersed Particulate Three-Phase Fluidised Systems
<p>The aim of this study was to perform sensitivity analysis, investigating how different fluidisation and sedimentation characteristics of three-phase, wetted UO2 powder beds, may affect a transient nuclear criticality excursion initiated through the addition of water into a fissile powder bed. This type of postulated nuclear criticality accident scenario may occur in nuclear fuel fabrication facilities when a fire is fought through the use of water, supplied via an automatic or manual fire-suppression system. A similar scenario may also develop as a result of water leaks or flooding of the process area housing UO2 powder. The article introduces a model for gas-bubble induced fluidisation of a UO2 powder bed and examines how this phenomenon may affect the neutron kinetic response of a three-phase fluidised fissile powder system. Empirical analysis has shown that fissile suspensions form agglomerated structures when suspended in water, at agglomerate sizes that range from 18 µm to 40 µm. Simulation results indicate that both the critical gas velocity and rate of fluidisation may significantly affect transient nuclear criticality excursion dynamics. The re-distribution of fissile mass into a highly dispersed suspension generally reduces the reactivity of the system, however, depending on the H/U ratio, a positive reactivity may be added to the system. Low Péclet numbers in the suspension suggest that gas-bubble induced motion of the suspension causes a highly dispersive flow field. An oscillatory power response is predicted for low critical gas velocities where the reactivity of the system is predominantly governed by the re-distribution of fissile mass within the system. The frequency of these oscillations is greater for a higher hindered settling rate of powder particles. At higher critical gas velocity, the transient nuclear criticality excursion is governed by the voidage reactivity feedback, making the response quite independent of fluidisation. In all cases, large volumes of UO2 powder may leave the domain due to overflowing of the suspension. Transient nuclear criticality excursions in UO2 powder beds with a low critical gas velocity are terminated once the bed becomes fully saturated.</p>
Ship Plume Dispersion in Marseille Port: A High-Resolution CFD Visualization
<p><strong><u>Description</u></strong></p> <p>This video visualizes the results of a high-resolution Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model applied to study ship plume dispersion in the passenger port of Marseille, France. The video focuses on a scenario where a small cruise/pleasure ship docked at the port turns on its main engines in preparation for departure, considering seaborn prevailing wind conditions.</p> <p>The visualization concentrates on two areas. The first is the area around La Major Cathedral, which is close to the waterfront. The second is a street canyon approximately 650 meters downwind of the ship's location. Due to the local urban layout, the plume becomes entrapped within this distant street canyon. Here, the spatial distribution of pollutants can vary even between neighboring floors of a single building. Finally, a rendered video of the plume dispersion is presented, where the urban landscape is visualized to make the dispersion more comprehensible for non-technical and non-scientific audiences.</p> <p>This video was previously published on YouTube at the following link: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwLFTj1D4LU&ab_channel=SCIPPERProject" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a>. </p> <p>All data used to create this video were made available through the EU Horizon 2020 project <a href="https://www.scipper-project.eu/">SCIPPER</a>.</p> <p>The SCIPPER project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement <a href="https://doi.org/10.3030/814893">Nr. 814893</a>. </p>
Scaling the high latitudes: evolution, diversification, and dispersal of Coryphella nudibranchs across the Northern Hemisphere
<p>Supplementary material for the paper </p> <p>Irina A. Ekimova, Dimitry M. Schepetov, Brenna Green, Maria V. Stanovova, Tatiana I. Antokhina, Terrence Gosliner, Manuel Antonio E. Malaquias, Ángel Valdés,<br>Scaling the high latitudes: evolution, diversification, and dispersal of Coryphella nudibranchs across the Northern Hemisphere,<br>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2024, 108214,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108214</p> <p>Table S1. Specimens used in the present study with information on vouchers and GB accession numbers.</p> <p>Table S2. Best-fit models for each gene dataset and fragment length (bp)</p> <p>Table S3. Results of model test in ancestral area reconstruction analysis implemented in RASP</p> <p>Table S4. Distribution and ecological traits of <em>Coryphella</em> species.</p> <p>Table S5. Results of population analyses: pairwise Gst, Dst and Fst for <em>Coryphella verrucosa</em> populations.</p> <p>Table S6. Morphological traits of all currently accepted <em>Coryphella</em> species</p> <p>Data S1. Protocols for DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing</p> <p>Data S2. Unedited ML and BI concatenated trees, alignment without <em>Coryphella verta</em></p> <p>Data S3. Unedited ML and BI concatenated trees, alignment with <em>Coryphella verta</em></p> <p>Figure S1. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, concatenated dataset of five markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S + 18S), the dataset includes tropical Atlantic <em>Coryphella verta</em>. Species-level clades and outgroups are collapsed to a single branch. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference, numbers below branches – bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood.</p> <p>Figure S2. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S). Numbers above branches bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood.</p> <p>Figure S3. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Bayesian Inference, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S). Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference.</p> <p>Figure S4. Results of phylogeographic analysis of trans-Arctic <em>C. verrucosa</em> <em>(a)</em>, <em>C. nobilis</em> <em>(b)</em>, <em>C. amabilis / C. gracilis</em> <em>(c)</em>, based on the Coalescent approach from BEAST for the COI dataset using the tentative group-specific divergence rates of 6.1% My−1 for gastropods. Coding of each collection locality is given on the upper left, same localities were tested in the Ancestral area reconstruction analysis (AAR). For respective deep nodes the results of AAR are given, and divergent time estimates are displayed on respective nodes with error bars for node ages of 95% highest posterior density intervals. Colored dots in respective terminals indicate the collection locality for each specimen. Grey-shaded blocks indicate interglacial periods HOL (Holocene, Marine Isotope Stage 1 (M1)): 0-10 Kya, LIG (Last Intergracial, M5): 115-130 Kya, LBI (La Bouchet Interglacial (M7): 190-205 and 230-242 Kya, PI (Purfleet Interglacial, M9): 300-337 Kya, HI (Hoxonian Interglacial, M11): 374-424 Kya, M13 (Marine Isotope stage 13): 474-524 Kya. X-axis shows dating in Kya on A, B and in Mya on C.</p>
Data from: Varieties of the highly dispersible and hypervariable tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, differ in response to mechanical stress and light across a sharp ecotone
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Genetic differentiation and signatures of local adaptation revealed by RADseq for a highly-dispersive mud crab Scylla olivacea in the Sulu Sea
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Data from: High dispersal ability versus migratory traditions: Fine-scale population structure and post-glacial colonization in bar-tailed godwits
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Data for: DNA metabarcoding uncovers dispersal-constrained arthropods in a highly fragmented restoration setting
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Data from: Exploratory behavior, but not aggressiveness, is correlated with breeding dispersal propensity in the highly philopatric Thorn-tailed Rayadito
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Using high-density SNP genotyping to determine the origin of wild boar dispersers outside the geographic range margins in Norway
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Data from: Phylogeography of the highly dispersible landscape-dominant woody species complex, Metrosideros, in Hawaii
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Data from: Paternity analysis reveals wide pollen dispersal and high multiple paternity in a small isolated population of the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae)
Optimal foraging behaviour by nectavores is expected to result in a leptokurtic pollen dispersal distribution and predominantly near-neighbour mating. However, complex social interactions among nectarivorous birds may result in different mating patterns to those typically observed in insect-pollinated plants. Mating system, realised pollen dispersal and spatial genetic structure were examined in the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus caesia, a species characterised by small, geographically disjunct populations. Nine microsatellite markers were used to genotype an entire adult stand and 181 seeds from 28 capsules collected from 6 trees. Mating system analysis using MLTR revealed moderate to high outcrossing (tm=0.479–0.806) and low estimates of correlated paternity (rp=0.136±s.e. 0.048). Paternity analysis revealed high outcrossing rates (mean=0.72) and high multiple paternity, with 64 different sires identified for 181 seeds. There was a significant negative relationship between the frequency of outcross mating and distance between mating pairs. Realised mating events were more frequent than expected with random mating for plants <40 m apart. The overall distribution of pollen dispersal distances was platykurtic. Despite extensive pollen dispersal within the stand, three genetic clusters were detected by STRUCTURE analysis. These genetic clusters were strongly differentiated yet geographically interspersed, hypothesised to be a consequence of rare recruitment events coupled with extreme longevity. We suggest that extensive polyandry and pollen dispersal is a consequence of pollination by highly mobile honeyeaters and may buffer E. caesia against the loss of genetic diversity predicted for small and genetically isolated populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.