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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Dataset of very-high-resolution satellite RGB images to train deep learning models to detect and segment high-mountain juniper shrubs in Sierra Nevada (Spain)

This dataset provides annotated very-high-resolution satellite RGB images extracted from Google Earth to train deep learning models to perform instance segmentation of Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus sabina L. shrubs. All images are from the high mountain of Sierra Nevada in Spain. The dataset contains 810 images (.jpg) of size 224x224 pixels. We also provide partitioning of the data into Train (567 images), Test (162 images), and Validation (81 images) subsets. Their annotations are provided in three different .json files following the COCO annotation format.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Dataset of very-high-resolution satellite RGB images to train deep learning models to recognize high-mountain juniper shrubs from Sierra Nevada (Spain)

This dataset provides annotated very-high-resolution satellite RGB images extracted from Google Earth to train deep learning models to recognize Juniperus communis L. and Juniperus sabina L. shrubs.  All images are from the high mountain of Sierra Nevada in Spain. The dataset contains 2000 images (.jpg) of size 512x512 pixels partitioned into two classes: Shrubs and NoShrubs. We also provide partitioning of the data into Train (1800 images), Test (100 images), and Validation (100 images) subsets.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

The dataset on structural connectivity in high-mountain Asia

This is the inaugural version of the dataset, comprising 10 slices in GeoTIFF format at a resolution of 30 meters, provided for reviewers to assess our manuscript. We will release the full version of the dataset upon acceptance of the article. For any inquiries, please contact the following email address. jinlongli@stu.scu.edu.cn.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Datasets for "The hydro-climate and freshwater supply of High-Mountain Asia under warming climate conditions"

This repository contains ensemble-mean fields and corresponding standard deviations of post-processed outputs of CMIP5 models for three RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) described in a manuscript "The hydro-climate and freshwater supply of High-Mountain Asia under warming climate conditions". Each netcdf file contains one field (either an ensemble mean of a standard deviation). The fields are the following: Positive Degree Days (PDD), Total Precipitation (Ptotal), Liquid Precipitation (PLiquiq), Frozen Precipitation (Pfrozen) and Glaciers Mass Balance (MB).

zenodo36/100

Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model

Dataset accompanying the publication "Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model"

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Habitat preferences and functional traits drive longevity in Himalayan high-mountain plants

Plant lifespan has important evolutionary, physiological, and ecological implications related to population persistence, community stability, and resilience to ongoing environmental change impacts. Although biologists have long been puzzled over the extraordinary variation in plant lifespan and its causes, our understanding of interspecific variability in plant lifespan and the key internal and external factors influencing longevity remains limited. Here, we demonstrate the concurrent impacts of environmental, morphological, physiological, and anatomical constraints on interspecific variation in longevity among >300 vascular dicot plant species naturally occurring at an elevation gradient (2800-6150 m) in the western Himalayas. First, we show that plant longevity (ranging from 1 to 100 years) is largely related to species' habitat preferences. Ecologically stressful habitats such as alpine and subnival host long-lived species, while productive ruderal and wetland habitats contain a higher proportion of shorter-lived species. Second, longevity is influenced by growth form with monocarpic forbs having the shortest lifespan and woody shrubs having the highest. Small-statured cushion plants with compact canopies and deep roots, most found on cold and infertile alpine and subnival soils, had a higher chance of achieving longevity. Third, plant traits reflecting plant adaptations to stress and disturbance affect interspecific differences in plant longevity. We show that longevity and growth are negatively correlated. Slow-growing species are those that have a higher chance of reaching a high age. Finally, higher longevity was associated with high leaf carbon and phosphorus, low root phosphorus and nitrogen, and with large bark-xylem ratio. Our findings suggest that plant longevity in high elevation is intricately determined by a combination of habitat preferences and growth form, as well as the plant growth rate and physiological processes.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Habitat preferences and functional traits drive longevity in Himalayan high-mountain plants

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicMay 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Understanding the long-term dynamics of vegetation since 1953 in high-mountain regions

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publicDec 2024View details →

FIGURE 74 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURE 74. Map of richness in indigenous species of all bumblebees excluding the subgenus Mendacibombus among equalarea grid cells. Map, grid, and grey scale as in Figs 71, 72.

FIGURE 68 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURE 68. Best estimate of phylogeny and absolute chronogram for the species of the subgenus Mendacibombus (as recognised in Figs 11, 12), from a linked-tree BEAST analysis of COI, 16S, PEPCK and opsin genes. Values above nodes of the maximum clade-credibility tree are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. Numbers below nodes are the estimated ages of events in Ma (millions of years before the present) based on the Mendacibombus root-date estimate of 34 (25–40) Ma from Hines (2008). The grey bars represent the 95% confidence intervals for the estimates of the age of events.

FIGURES 56‒67 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURES 56‒67. Maps of the global distributions of species of the subgenus Mendacibombus from the material examined, with grey spots for specimen records and black spots for the samples with COI sequences (each species is unknown from regions outside the map boundaries shown); grey crosses for records of all species of Mendacibombus combined. Relief map with hill shading, Cartesian orthonormal projection, grey lines show borders to national administration according to UN maps, north at the top of the map. Image created in ArcGIS using World_Shaded_Relief basemap © 2014 Esri.

FIGURES 69‒70 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURES 69‒70. Photos of (69) a worker of B. superbus (MD#4123) from (left) the dorsal and (right) the left lateral aspect (scale bar 10 mm), from the sample site (70) in the Tanggula mountains, Xizang, China (16.viii.2014, 32.86142°N 91.91739°E, GPS elevation ca 5220 m). Photos by (69) NHM digital imaging unit and (70) Z.-Y. Miao.

FIGURES 11‒12 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURES 11‒12. Recognising species from an estimate of phylogeny for 30 unique COI haplotypes of the subgenus Mendacibombus by BEAST, using GMYC models and the PTP procedure. From the GMYC models (11), the single threshold T is shown by the vertical grey bar so that the intersecting lineages are interpreted as indicating 12 separate species (black spots at coalescent nodes; outgroups not shown). Values below the nodes of the maximum clade-credibility tree are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support (groups with values <0.8 are considered unreliable) from the BEAST analysis with two billion MCMC generations and a 1% burn-in. The x-scale axis is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. From the PTP procedure (12), the Bayesian PTP solution with highest support also indicates 12 species. Values above the nodes are PTP Bayesian support values that all daughter haplotypes are parts of a single species; values below the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities showing branch support. The scale bar is calibrated in substitutions per nucleotide site. Each unique haplotype is represented by one of the longest available sample sequences, labelled with: the sequence length in number of base pairs, a taxon name or name for an unpublished colour pattern (light/dark/yellow/white/pale), and then a code that consists of a specimen identifier (MD#) from the project database and (after the hyphen) a sample identifier from BOLD or from GenBank, followed with its geographic origin.

FIGURES 24‒35 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURES 24‒35. Morphology of the male genitalia for species of the subgenus Mendacibombus from the dorsal aspect, anterior to the left of the image, posterior to the right: 24, B. superbus, China MD#339; 25, B. waltoni, China MD#216; 26, B. convexus, China MD#215; 27, B. makarjini, Kazakhstan MD#1240; 28, B. marussinus, Pakistan MD#408; 29, B. avinoviellus, India MD#404; 30, B. himalayanus, India MD#426; 31, B. turkestanicus, China MD#351; 32, B. defector, Kyrgyzstan MD#367; 33, B. margreiteri, China MD#294; 34, B. handlirschianus, Russia MD#835; 35, B. mendax, Spain MD#689.

FIGURES 15‒23 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURES 15‒23. Morphology of the female (queen) head from the ventral aspect (labrum and mandibles): 15, B. marussinus queen, Pakistan MD#482; 16, B. avinoviellus queen, India MD#598; 17, B. turkestanicus queen, Tajikistan MD#320; 18, B. defector queen, Kyrgyzstan MD#1080; 19, B. margreiteri queen, Mongolia MD#319; 20, B. himalayanus queen, India MD#453. Morphology of the female (queen) left hindleg tibia from the left lateral aspect, dorsal at the top of the image, anterior to the left: 21, B. defector, China MD#1251; 22, B. margreiteri, Mongolia MD#319; 23, B. turkestanicus, Kyrgyzstan MD#324.

FIGURE 14 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURE 14. Assessing morphological characters by assessing groups of species within the subgenus Mendacibombus from three characters of hair colour (characters 1‒3) and 13 characters of male genital morphology (characters 4‒16) by maximum parsimony analysis with TNT. Numbers above the branches of the tree are the character numbers from Table 6; solid squares show unique character-state changes; and open squares show parallel or reverse character-state changes.

FIGURE 10 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURE 10. Plot of (y axis) the number of lineages in the BEAST tree (Fig. 11) of unique COI haplotypes excluding outgroups on a log scale against (x axis) time as substitutions per nucleotide. T, the single threshold at maximum likelihood for the change in branching rate from the GMYC models.

FIGURE 9 in Early-diverging bumblebees from across the roof of the world: the high-mountain subgenus Mendacibombus revised from species' gene coalescents and morphology (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

FIGURE 9. Map of the global distribution of sites from which samples of the subgenus Mendacibombus have been examined (these bees are unknown from any other regions). Spots are coloured to show the site elevation above sea level (scale in metres to the left). Image showing vegetation, Cartesian orthonormal projection, with north at the top of the map.