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Fig. 2 in Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification

Fig. 2. Examples of skeletal structures of brittlestars. A. Dorsal disc with scales and plates in Amphiura Forbes, 1843 (P). B. Oral frame with teeth (T) and apical tooth cluster (APC) in Ophiocoma L. Agassiz, 1836. C. Oral frame with infradental oral papillae (IP) in Ophioplax Lyman, 1875. D. Disc spines in Ophiacantha Müller & Troschel, 1842. E. Disc granules in Ophiocoma L. Agassiz, 1836. F. Disc tubercles in Acrocnida Gislén, 1926. G. Dental plate (DP) in Ophiura Lamarck, 1801, with teeth attached. H. Dental plate with sockets for regular teeth (TS) and for apical tooth cluster (APC) in Ophiocoma L. Agassiz, 1836. I–J. Lateral arm plate in Amphiura Forbes, 1843. I. External view with arm spine articulations (ASA). J. Internal view. Scale bars in millimetres.

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Fig. 1 in Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification

Fig. 1. Summary phylogenetic tree of the ophiuroid higher taxonomy. Modified from O'Hara et al. (2017: fig. 1), with Ophiobyrsidae included based on O'Hara et al. (2017: fig. S3) sample Ophiuroidea_ sp_IE.2009.1713 (= Ophiophrixus_confinis) and additional unpublished exon-capture data on samples Ophiobyrsa_rudis_F222711 and Ophiosmilax_sp_IE.2207.6967. All-sites PLRS/RAxML tree with node support and age confidence intervals (coloured bars). Node support shows all-sites RAxML BS followed by the proportion of the data subset trees in agreement. For all other nodes support was 100/1. The root was fixed according to O'Hara et al. (2014) at 270 Ma.

Fig. 4 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 4. Photographs (A1, A3) and drawings (A2, A4) of femoral trichobothria in mirid insect Metoisops akingbohungbei Herczek and Popov, 2014, holotype male, CEHI BB M HE 4, from the Baltic Amber (unknown locality on Baltic Sea Coast), mid-Eocene. Five mesofemoral trichobothria (A1, A2); six metafemoral trichobothria (A3, A4). Scale bars 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 3. Mirid insect Metoisops popovi Kim, Taszakowski, and Jung, sp. nov., holotype female, CNU CNUHHMF005, from the Baltic Amber (unknown locality on Baltic Sea Coast), mid-Eocene. Dorsal habitus. Arrow points to deep incision between calli (A1), lateral habitus (A2), head in dorsal view (A3), head in lateral view (A4), scutellum (A5), hindfemur with trichobothria (A6).

Fig. 2 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 2. Mirid insect Metoisops michalskii Kim, Taszakowski, and Herczek sp. nov., holotype male, DZUS HE44-451-1-001, from the Baltic Amber Gdańsk Bay, Poland), mid-Eocene. Dorsal habitus (A1), lateral habitus (A2), head and thorax in lateral view and antennal structure (A3), abdomen and legs in lateral view (A4), hindtarsus (A5), genital segment with parameres (A6). Abbreviations: i, first antennal segment; ii, second antennal segment; iii, third antennal segment; iv, fourth antennal segment; iv-1, first subsegment of fourth antennal segment; iv-2, second subsegment of fourth antennal segment.

Fig. 1 in New species of mirid insects and their importance for the higher classification of plant bugs

Fig. 1. Baltic ambers with specimens of mirid insects. A. Metoisops michalskii Kim, Taszakowski, and Herczek sp. nov., holotype male, DZUS HE44- 451-1-001, from the Baltic Amber (Vistula Spit, Gdańsk Bay, Poland), mid-Eocene. B. Metoisops popovi Kim, Taszakowski, and Jung sp. nov., holotype female, CNU CNUHHMF005, from the Baltic Amber (unknown locality on Baltic Sea Coast), mid-Eocene.

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Figs 32–34. Nogodinidae, hind wing. 32 in Notes on higher classification of the family Nogodinidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea), with description of new tribe and new species

Figs 32–34. Nogodinidae, hind wing. 32 – Forculus gibbosus Distant, male, holotype, Ceylon (BMNH); 33 – Nogodina reticulate (F.), male, Santorem (ZIN); 34 – Bladina sp., Columbia (ZIN).

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Figs 1–4 in Notes on higher classification of the family Nogodinidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea), with description of new tribe and new species

Figs 1–4. Nogodinidae, rostrum (2, 4) and hind tarsomere (1, 3). 1, 2 – Bladina fawleri Fennah, female, Belize; 3, 4 – Pisacha sp., female, Japan, Ryukyu.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Description of new chiactine-bearing sponges provides insights into the higher classification of Calcaronea (Porifera: Calcarea)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/f8ebafc8-79ab-4eef-b52b-8c207ff2b1ec">https://bionomia.net/dataset/f8ebafc8-79ab-4eef-b52b-8c207ff2b1ec</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/f8ebafc8-79ab-4eef-b52b-8c207ff2b1ec">https://gbif.org/dataset/f8ebafc8-79ab-4eef-b52b-8c207ff2b1ec</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

FIG. 93 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIG. 93. Optimization of the microtrichia on apical bladder of middle tarsus: state 0, present and uniformly distributed; state 1, present but concentrated on the external side of the bladder; state 2, absent.

FIGS. 77–84 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 77–84. Chaetotaxy and middle bladder: 77, slender hook of Oligotoma saundersi (Oligotomidae); 78, slender hook of Archembia lacombea (Archembiidae); 79, middle bladder with sculpture on Archembia lacombea (Archembiidae); 80, middle bladder with few microtrichia of Gibocercus chaco (Archembiidae); 81, middle bladder without sculpture or michrotrichia Pachylembia unicincta (Archembiidae); 82, small middle bladder with microtrichia Pararhagadochir trachelia (Archembiidae); 83, mechanoreceptor on middle bladder Antipaluria urichi (Clothodidae); 84, detail of mechanoreceptor (circle in fig. 83) on middle bladder of Antipaluria urichi (Clothodidae).

FIGS. 85–90 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 85–90. Apical bladder of hind tarsus midsegment: 85, Clothoda longicauda (Clothodidae) left leg; 86, Notoligotoma hardyi (Notoligotomidae) right leg; 87, Gibocercus chaco (Archembiidae) left leg; 88, Dihybocercus femorata (Embiidae) right leg; 89, Oligotoma saundersii (Oligotomidae) left leg; 90, Teratembia geniculata (Teratembiidae) right leg.

FIGS. 71–76 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 71–76. Chaetotaxy of hind basitarsus: 71, broad setae of Antipaluria urichi (Clothodidae); 72, broad setae of Clothoda longicauda (Clothodidae); 73, jagged setae of Chelicerca barbara (Anisembiidae); 74, jagged setae of Saussurembia calypso (Anisembiidae); 75, serrate hairs on lateroapical surface of Clothoda longicauda (Clothodidae); 76, three-pronged setae on lateroapical surface of Dihybocercus femorata (Embiidae); an enlarged section of this type of setae is shown in the adjacent circle.

FIGS. 63–70 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 63–70. Hind tarsus, ventral view: 63, broad setae in Antipaluria caribbeana (Clothodidae) left leg; 64, broad setae in Australembia incompta (Australembiidae) left leg; 65, jagged setae in Chelicerca barbara (Anisembiidae) left leg: an enlarged section of this seta is shown in the adjacent circle; 66, broad setae in Notoligotoma hardy (Notoligotomidae) right leg; 67, broad setae in Dihybocercus femorata (Embiidae) right leg; 68, broad setae in Gibocercus chaco (Archembiidae) left leg; 69, broad setae in Oligotoma saundersii (Oligotomidae) left leg; 70, jagged setae in Teratembia geniculata (Teratembiidae) right leg.

FIGS. 57–62 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 57–62. Comb setae on ventral surface of foretarsus basal segment: 57, Clothoda longicauda (Clothodidae); 58, Haploembia solieri (Oligotomidae); 59, Oligotoma saundersii (Oligotomidae); 60, Pararhagadochir trachelia (Archembiidae); 61, Saussurembia calypso (Anisembiidae); 62, Gibocercus chaco (Archembiidae).

FIG. 52 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIG. 52. Optimization of the silk ejectors length: state 0, short as in Embiidae (less than 80 μm); state 1, long (more than 100 μm).

FIGS. 45–50 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 45–50. Ventral view of basal segment of foretarsus: 45, Australembia incompta (Australembiidae) left leg; 46, Saussurembia calypso (Anisembiidae) left leg; 47, Notoligotoma hardy (Notoligotomidae) right leg; 48, Pararhagadochir trachelia (Archembiidae) right leg; 49, Embia ramburi (Embiidae) right leg; 50, Teratembia geniculata (Teratembiidae) right leg.

FIGS. 30–32 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 30–32. Silk ejectors and combs on basal segment of foretarsus: 30, detail of ventral left margin view of Gibocercurs chaco (Archembiidae): A, silk ejector Type I, B, silk ejector Type II, C, comb setae; 31, silk ejector Type I of Oligotoma saundersii (Oligotomidae), slightly curved; 32, silk ejector Type I of Gibocercus chaco, erect and slender.

FIGS. 39-44 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 39-44. Ventral view of basal segment of foretarsus: 39, Haploembia solieri (Oligotomidae), left leg; 40, Clothoda longicauda (Clothodidae), right leg; 41, Antipaluria caribbeana (Clothodidae), left leg; 42, Oligotoma saundersii (Oligotomidae), left leg; 43, Dihybocercus femorata (Embiidae), right leg; 44, Chelicerca barbara (Anisembiidae), left leg.

FIGS. 14–23 in Implications of the tympanal hearing organ and ultrastructure of chaetotaxy for the higher classification of Embioptera

FIGS. 14–23. Shapes of auditory organ on middle femur: 14, Chelicerca wheeleri (Anisembiidae) right leg; 15, Mesembia chamulae (Anisembiidae) right leg; 16, Teratembia geniculata (Teratembiidae) left leg; 17, Clothoda longicauda (Clothodidae) right leg; 18, Chelicerca barbara (Anisembiidae) left leg; 19, Australembia nodosa (Australembiidae) left leg; 20, Biguembia copo (Archembiidae) left leg; 21, Machadoembia angolica (Embiidae) right leg; 22, Dihybocercus femorata (Embiidae) right leg; 23, Aposthonia indica (Oligotomidae) right leg.