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Soil resistance and soil moisture data of organic, permaculture and conventional horticultural farms of Central Hungary
<p>This dataset has been produced from the PhD research of Alfréd Szilágyi supervised by Csaba Centeri and Eszter Kovács Tormáné. The study compared permaculture, organic and conventional farming systems regarding their ecosystem-service provision potential and sustainability. Multiple ecological indicators were measured in the field during the field study in 2020, and the basic datasets (soil test results; photo gallery of the studied farms with soil core sample; soil resistance and moisture; decomposition; earthworms; nematodes; soil surface fauna; pollinators; agrobiodiversity and habitat types) are uploaded in Zenodo separately to provide scientific data on permaculture systems. In this way, we hope to contribute to international efforts to evaluate the performance of agroecological agriculture alternatives. These publications also serve as supplements to the PhD thesis. For the sake of further usability of the datasets short description of the used methods is described. For further information please contact the authors.</p>
Spectral transmittance of solar radiation by screens and nets used in horticulture and agriculture
<p>We present a dataset of measurement of the spectral transmittance of 197 horticultural nets and screens from five companies. These materials span a range of uses from shading and reducing the heat load on plants to blocking pests such as birds and insects. Routinely, these materials are used in greenhouses and polytunnels to reduce the sunlight received by plants, however their spectral transmittance is not routinely measured. The spectral irradiance that plants receive can affect plant growth and photomorphogenesis, hence this information is of value when selecting the most appropriate material for a given purpose. The spectral transmittance of the materials was measured outdoors close to solar noon using an array spectrometer calibrated for the range 290-900 nm and compared directly with the ambient solar spectral irradiance. The measured spectrum encompasses those regions perceived by plants through known photoreceptors and used by plants in photosynthesis: ultraviolet (UV); photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and near infra red (far red – FR).</p> <p>The solar spectral photon irradiance (μmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) transmitted by screens and nets from several manufacturers was measured with an array spectroradiometer. Our measurements and analyses are focused on the differences in spectral irradiance, created when employing these screens and nets, in order to address the lack of detailed studies of these light environments, rather than the physiochemical properties of materials or their cost-effectiveness. The measurements of spectral irradiance under climate screens, and shade and insect nets, were made on clear days in sunny conditions close to solar noon (between 10 a.m. to 2 p.m local time) at NC State University campus (35.78°N, -78.67°W) in late July and early August 2017, and in Viikki Field Plots at the University of Helsinki (60.22°N, 25.01°E, 55 m asl) in July and August 2018. The methods for measurements at North Carolina State University follow the protocol described below and published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199628">Kotilainen et al., (2018)</a>, where a comprehensive assessment of the results of this subset of screens/nets and their meaning is also given.</p> <p>The measurements were performed in an open field with no surrounding structures or buildings within 20 m. Repeated measurements of each different sample were made in a randomised order, thus ensuring comparability among measurements. Measurements were made on a tripod 0.7 m above the ground and the sample was secured to a wooden plate 3 cm above the diffusor. A test, comparing four larger (1 x 1 m) samples against those of the standard dimensions that we used, found that the area of screen/net measured did not affect the results at this distance between the screen/net and diffusor. Thus, there was no evidence that unfiltered diffuse or scattered radiation interfered with measurements despite the relatively small dimensions of the sample.</p> <p>Measurements under each screen/net sample in 2017 (Svensson 13 x 19 cm, Mallas Textiles 8 x 10 cm) were made twice to account for any possible effect of sample placement over the cosine diffuser and change in the sun angle during a set of measurements. Given that no significant differences were evidence, the 2018 screen/net samples (Criado y Lopez 8 x 12 cm, Howitec 15 x 25 cm, Huachang yarns 25 x 30 cm, and Jiangsu Huachang Yarns and Fabrics 8 x 12 cm) were only measurement once. A recording of spectral irradiance without the screen/net of filtered sunlight was made directly before and after each filter measurement (called “Open”).</p> <p>The spectrometer used had been calibrated for measurements of UV and visible solar radiation (Maya2000 Pro Ocean Optics, Dunedin, FL, USA; D7-H-SMA cosine diffuser, Bentham Instruments Ltd, Reading, UK - see <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4496">Hartikainen et al., 2018</a> for details of the measurement protocol). Briefly, each measurement of irradiance transmitted beneath a screen or net was followed by sequence of measurements in the dark and with a polycarbonate filter attenuating all UV radiation. These controls accounted for the dark noise and stray light in the UV waveband. Both a correction for the shape of the slit function and for stray light were included in the post-processing of the spectra (<a href="http://uv4plants.org/methods/how-to-check-an-array-spectrometer/">Aphalo et al., 2016</a>). Bracketing was performed by taking a measurement of the UV region and splicing this together this the entire spectrum. All measurements were processed using the Photobiology packages in R.</p> <p>Measurements of solar spectral irradiance in the wavelength range from 290 nm to 900 nm were processed in R, using the <em>photobiology</em> packages developed for spectral analysis (<a href="https://doi.org/10.19232/uv4pb.2015.1.14">Aphalo, 2015</a>). We present spectral photon irradiance (μmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and spectral energy irradiance (W m<sup>-2</sup>). Plants absorbs photons producing a chemical change (Grotthus Law) thus photon irradiance is more easily applicable understanding to biological processes in plants. The spectral transmittance of the screens/nets are the most useful data presented. Essentially the patterns of spectral attenuation will be consistent, irrespective of whether spectra are expressed as photon or energy irradiance.</p> <p>Utilizing predefined functions available in the <em>photobiology</em> packages, we calculated the integrals and photon ratios of these integrals as follows: UVB:PAR 280–315 nm/400-700 nm, UVA:PAR 315–400 nm/400-700 nm, blue:green (B:G) 420–490 nm/500-570 nm, blue:red (B:R) 420–490 nm/620-680 nm. Red and far-red for the calculation of R:FR ratio are 655–665 nm and 725–735 nm, respectively. UVB radiation and UVA radiation are defined according to ISO, blue, green and red according to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.160820">Sellaro et al. (2010)</a>, and R:FR according to <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.33.060182.002405">Smith(1982)</a>.</p> <p>The same definitions of the UV-waveband are maintained for both spectral integrals and their ratios throughout, i.e. according to ISO, (<a href="http://doi:%2010.21273/HORTTECH03648-16">Both et al., 2017</a>). This is because the UVB and UVA wavebands of solar radiation follow distinct daily patterns of variation; UVB irradiance is highest during the four hours around solar noon, whereas the UVA region of solar radiation remains a similar proportion of total irradiance throughout the day. These differences also imply that UVA and UVB radiation follow different diurnal and seasonal patterns of variation (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00216.x">Seckmeyer et al., 2007</a>).</p> <p><strong>Data Files Available</strong></p> <p><strong>DataBaseScreensNets.zip</strong></p> <p>Graphs (.jpg files) of actual measured (1) spectral energy irradiance, (2) spectral photon irradiance, and (3) proportion transmittance of solar radiation, for each screen and net. (1) Energy Irradiance figures (suffix _EI.) and (2) Photon Irradiance figures (suffix _PI.) are plot of the measured values of irradiance under the filter (screen/net) and corresponding measurements without the screen or net (“open” measurement) for comparison (290-898 nm wavelength range). The proportion transmittance under each screen or net is calculated from comparison of the open and measured spectrum (suffix _Trans). The low-wavelength tail end of the spectrum is trimmed (<310 nm) in each plots since % transmittance are inflated by low signal to noise ratio in the UV-B region where irradiance values are very low.</p> <p>The database screens and net are identified by the name of the company “_” name of the screen/net for all 197 materials.</p> <p>These figures can be reproduced from the file “ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt” using the R code “Plotting_DataBaseScreensNets.r”</p> <p><strong>ImagesScreensNets.zip</strong></p> <p>Image files (.jpg files) from photos and scans of each of the measured screens and nets. One image from each of the 197 filter materials (screens/nets) measured is stored in folders arranged according to the company for each filter type. The companies are: Criado y Lopez; HowiTech; Huanchang yarns; Jiangsu Huachang Yarns & Fabrics; Mallas_Textiles and Svensson.</p> <p><strong>ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt</strong></p> <p>This is the main database file containing the measurements of spectral irradiance beneath each filter material (screen/net) from 290 nm – 898 nm and corresponding open reading, and calculated spectral transmittance.</p> <p>Data are in columns as follows: (A) Company – the Company name; (B) FilterName – the filter name as given by the company; (C) Serial - a serial number, effectively equivalent to the order in which the materials were measured; (D) wavelength – at intervals recorded by the array spectrometer running for each spectrum from 290.02 nm to 897.73 nm; (D) FilterEI - energy irradiance of transmitted solar radiation measured 3 cm beneath the filter material (screen/net) at each wavelength of the spectrum; (E) FilterPI – photon irradiance equivalent to the energy irradiance; (F) OpenEI – energy irradiance of solar radiation at the same location without the filter material (screen/net) (G) OpenPI – photon irradiance equivalent to the energy irradiance; (H) FilterFactor – the proportion of radiation transmitted by the filter material (screen/net) at each wavelength measured, a value between 0.0 and 1.0 (values out of range at low wavelengths in the UV-B region are replaced with 0.0 or 0.1).</p> <p>Processed spectra are given: processing of raw spectra was done with <em>Photobiology</em> packages in R. Full spectra were recorded with an integration time set manually to give maximum counts of just less than 60 000 at the wavelength corresponding to peak spectral irradiance. Bracketing was performed by recording a second spectrum (long spectrum) with ten-times longer integration time than this, to achieve greater accuracy of measurement in the UV region (< 400 nm). These two spectra were spliced together. Each filter measurement was accompanied by a dark measurement (to estimate dark noise) and a measurement under a polycarbonate filter (PC) to correct for stray light. In 2018, these two readings were performed immediately after the filter material (screen/net) was measured; both within 10 s total of the filter material measurement for both the full spectrum, and long spectrum.</p> <p><strong>ScreensNets_irrad_trans.xlsx</strong></p> <p>This Excel file contains the same information in columns as the file ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt but with a second worksheet showing the trimming calculations for out-of-range readings at low UV-B wavelength and with an addition final column, the irradiance spectrum open29_irrad (described below).</p> <p><strong>Open29_irrad.txt</strong></p> <p>In order to obtain standardised BSWF files to comparison with each other, the calculated proportion spectral transmittance results for each filter material (screen/net) were applied to a “standard” solar-noon open-spectrum from Helsinki recorded on a date close to midsummer (Open29_irrad.txt). This spectrum was measured as described above.</p> <p>This spectrum was measured at Viikki Fields, Helsinki on Wed June 27<sup>th</sup> 2018 at 13:15:33 EEST (Integration Time, 110000 μsec; bracketting x10) in a completely open area.</p> <p>To apply the transmittance data to their own locations, database users should substitute the spectrum from their own location for Open29_irrad.txt to obtain spectral irradiance data for the effects of the filter materials (screens/net) at their site using the R code Calculating_Spectral_Integrals.r</p> <p><strong>ScreensNets_spectral_integrals.txt</strong></p> <p>The file gives a matrix of spectral integrals and ratios calculated with the <em>Photobiology</em> packages in R for each of the spectra presented in ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt. Column headings are the filter material ID, made up from the “Company name” “_” “filter name”. The first column contains row names identifying spectral integrals and ratios calculated – first as energy irradiance then as photon irradiance and finally as photon ratios. Calculations are made using the BSWF (<strong>Spectral_Integrals_Function.r</strong>) as follows: PAR_e; UVB_e; UVA_e; UVb350_e; UVa350_e; Blue_e; Green_e; Red_e; Far_red_e; GEN_G_e; GEN_T_e; PG_e; DNA_N_e; CIE_e; FLAV_e; Infra_red_e; PAR_q; UVB_q; UVA_q; UVb350_q; UVa350_q; Blue_q; Green_q; Red_q; Far_red_q; GEN_G_q; GEN_T_q; PG_q; DNA_N_q; CIE_q; FLAV_q; Infra_red_q; UVB_UVA; UVB_PAR; UVA_PAR; R_FR_Sellaro; R_FR_Smith10; R_FR_Smith20; B_G; B_R; PhyEqi.</p> <p><strong>ScreensNets_spectral_integrals.xlsx</strong></p> <p>This files contains the same data as ScreensNets_spectral_integrals.txt and shows on individual worksheets, processing of original, smoothed (in Photobiology package to improve the signal to noise in the UV-B tail of the spectr), and corrected (with values of transmittance greater than 1.0 or less than 0.0 replaced in the UV-B tail) data; and comparisons of the Original vs. Corrected, and Original vs. Smoothed data. The same BSWF calculations for the example open spectrum open29_irrad (used for standardisation) are given on their own worksheet, as is the corresponding “FilterFactor” (proportion spectral transmittance) for each spectral integral and spectral photon ratio. The final worksheet “Type” lists the filters and their expected function (i.e. shade, pest net, hale net, ground cover etc.).</p> <p>This “FilterFactor” information could be of practical use in situations where the spectral irradiance is unavailable for a given location, and comparisons among filters need to be made from only partial data (e.g. PAR PPDF). These FilterFactors can be applied to the PAR PPDF for instance to calculate the daily light integral through the day for horticultural proposes. Please note that differences in the shape of the solar spectrum at different locations will cause (small) deviations in the transmitted PAR PPFD calculated from the spectral integral compared with the more precise calculation from the spectral irradiance. Although for the purposes of comparison between filters these are likely to be of minor importance. </p> <p><strong>Plotting_DataBaseScreensNets.r</strong></p> <p>This file gives the R code for plotting the graphs in DataBaseScreensNets.zip from the source file ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt. Make sure that the required packages are loaded. The code was run in R version 3.4.3.</p> <p><strong>Calculating_Spectral_Integrals.r</strong></p> <p>The file gives the R code to calculate spectral integrals and to include an open measurement for standardisation (Open29_irrad) from the source file ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt (as described above). The spectra in ScreensNets_irrad_trans.txt are converted to source.spct for use in the Photobiology packages.</p> <p><strong>Spectral_Integrals_Function.r</strong></p> <p>The file is a function requiring the Photobiology packages in R to run. It is needed to calculate the spectral integrals described above and can be amended to obtain whichever spectral integrals and photon ratios from the Photobiology packages are desired.</p>
Decomposition data in organic, permaculture and conventional horticultural farms of Central Hungary
<p>This dataset has been produced from the PhD research of Alfréd Szilágyi supervised by Csaba Centeri and Eszter Kovács Tormáné. The study compared permaculture, organic and conventional farming systems regarding their ecosystem-service provision potential and sustainability. Multiple ecological indicators were measured in the field during the field study in 2020, and the basic datasets (soil test results; photo gallery of the studied farms with soil core sample; soil resistance and moisture; decomposition; earthworms; nematodes; soil surface fauna; pollinators; agrobiodiversity and habitat types) are uploaded in Zenodo separately to provide scientific data on permaculture systems. In this way, we hope to contribute to international efforts to evaluate the performance of agroecological agriculture alternatives. These publications also serve as supplements to the PhD thesis. For the sake of further usability of the datasets short description of the used methods is described. For further information please contact the authors.</p>
Figure 1 in Early detection of alien fern species through the consultation of horticultural catalogues
Figure 1. Prevalence of different (a, c) scales and (b, d) modes of trade expressed as proportions of the total number of traders and total number of species recorded per trade country. Treatment of species that were traded both on-ground and via e-commerce is detailed in the methods. Countries of trade: Canada (CA), United States of America (US), the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland (UKI), South Africa (ZA), Australia (AU), New Zealand (NZ).
Figs. 20–22. Plate IX in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 20–22. Plate IX: Larval antennal, sternite and pronotal characteristics. 20a. Antennal segments with smooth margins, lacking annulations (larval Tubulifera: Phlaeothripidae). 20b. Antennal segments with margins interrupted by annulations, microtrichia arise from these annulations (white arrows) (larval Terebrantia). 21a. Two setae present on each sternite (white arrows) (larva I). 21b. Six setae present on each sternite (white arrows) (larva II). 22a. Twelve setae (6 pairs, D1–D6) on pronotum (Larva I). 22b. Fourteen setae (7 pairs, D1–D7) on pronotum (Larva II).
Figs. 27–30. Plate XI in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 27–30. Plate XI: Larval abdominal characteristics. 27a. Teeth (black arrow) on posterior margin of abdominal segment IX large, prominent (larval Chaetanaphothrips). 27b. Teeth (black arrow) on posterior margin of abdominal segment IX small but longer than basal width of D1 setae; base of D1 seta (white arrow) (larval Frankliniella bispinosa). 27c. Teeth (black arrow) on posterior margin of abdominal segment IX small and equal to or shorter than basal width of D1 setae; base of D1 seta (white arrow) (larval Frankliniella schultzei). 28. Campaniform sensilla (white arrows) on abdominal segment IX separated by 2.0 times the distance (long white line) as compared with the distance (short white line) between D1 setae (larval Frankliniella). 29a. Setae arising from tergites on abdominal segment IX pointed (black arrows) (adult Frankliniella occidentalis). 29b. Setae arising from tergites on abdominal segment IX blunt (black arrows) (adult Frankliniella bispinosa or Frankliniella schultzei). 30. Plaques with well-defined microtrichia (white arrows) on abdominal segment VIII (larval Frankliniella occidentalis or Frankliniella bispinosa).
Fig. 12. Plate VI in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Fig. 12. Plate VI: Comb of microtrichia on Tergite VIII. 12a. Comb on abdominal segment VIII posterior margin present and uninterrupted (black arrows) (adult Frankliniella occidentalis). 12b. Comb on abdominal segment VIII posterior margin present but interrupted medially (black arrows) (adult Frankliniella insularis). 12c. Comb on abdominal segment VIII posterior margin present (black arrows) (adult Anaphothrips obscurus). 12d. Comb on abdominal segment VIII posterior margin weakly developed (white arrows) (adult Frankliniella fusca). 12e. Comb on abdominal segment VIII absent (black arrows) (adult Caliothrips phaseoli).
Figs. 16–19 in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 16–19. Plate VIII: Tergal, metanotal and discal characteristics. 16. Lateral thirds of abdomen greatly reticulated (white arrows) (adult Caliothrips phaseoli). 17. Posterior margin of each tergum with a toothed craspedum (white arrows) (adult Microcephalothrips abdominalis). 18a. Metanotal setae arising at anterior margin (white arrows) (adult Thrips florum or Thrips hawaiiensis). 18b. Metanotal setae arising posterior to anterior margin (white arrows) (other adult Thrips). 19a. Discal setae present (black arrows) (adult Thrips australis). 19b. Discal setae absent (adult Thrips tabaci or Thrips palmi).
Figs. 8 and 9. Plate IV in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 8 and 9. Plate IV: Features around antennal segment II. 8a. Antennal segment III pedicel gently curved outward (convex; black arrow) but not strongly convex (adult Frankliniella occidentalis). 8b. Antennal segment III pedicel strongly curved outward (convex; black arrow), appearing angular (adult Frankliniella tritici). 8c. Antennal segment III pedicel forming flange (black arrow), pedicel margins concave distal and proximal to flange (adult Frankliniella bispinosa). 8d. Antennal segment III pedicel forming flange (black arrows), pedicel margins distal to flange with straight sides (margins not concave) (adult Frankliniella cephalica). 9a. Setae (black arrows) on antennal segment II forming thick, heavy spines, profile fusiform, but strongly tapered to apex (adult Frankliniella bispinosa). 9b. Setae (black arrows) on antennal segment II slender, tapered evenly from base to apex (other adult Frankliniella spp.).
Figs. 6 and 7 in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 6 and 7. Plate III: Forewing features. 6a. Forewing clear (Frankliniella occidentalis). 6b. Forewing pale at base, infuscated beyond and with indistinct dark band in middle third of wing (Frankliniella insularis). 6c. Forewing pale at base, with distinct transverse band in forewing (Caliothrips phaseoli). 6d. Forewing pat- tern consists of 3 dark dots (black arrows) (adult Scolothrips pallidus). 7a. Setae (black arrows) on 1st vein of forewing (anterior row) spaced apart, with wide gaps; forewing setae shorter than width of wing (adult all other species). 7b. Setae (black arrows) on 1st vein of forewing (anterior row) evenly spaced, without wide gaps; forewing setae shorter than width of wing (adult Thrips australis, Frankliniella spp.). 7c. Forewing setae (black arrows) longer than width of wing (adult Scolothrips).
Figs. 1 and 2. Plate I in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 1 and 2. Plate I: Distinguishing between life stages and suborders. 1a. Wing pads present (white arrow); antennae projecting forward (black arrow) (prepupa). Photograph by Lyle Buss, University of Florida. 1b. Wing pads present (white arrow); antennae curved back over head (black arrow) (pupa). Photograph by Lyle Buss, University of Florida. 2a. Tubular abdominal segment X (black arrows) (adult Phlaeothripidae). 2b. Conical abdominal segment X (black arrows); saw-like ovipositor present on females (adult Terebrantia).
Figs. 3–5. Plate II in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 3–5. Plate II: Ctenidial position, pronotal setae, and antennae of common genera. 3a. Ctenidium (black arrow) anterior to spiracle (white arrow) on abdominal segment VIII (adult Frankliniella). 3b. Ctenidium (black arrows) posterior to spiracle (white arrow) on abdominal segment VIII (adult Thrips and Microcephalothrips). 3c. Ctenidium absent on abdominal segment VIII (white arrow indicates spiracle) (adult Scolothrips). 4a. Major setae (black arrow) present on anterior margin of pronotum (adult Frankliniella and Scolothrips, setae are much longer than 1.3 times the diameter of antennal segment II). 4b. Major setae absent on anterior margin of pronotum (other species). 4c. Setae on anterior margin of pronotum (white arrow) shorter than 1.3 times the diameter of antennal segment II (black arrow) (adult Frankliniella fusca). 5a. 7-Segmented antenna (adult Thrips and Microcephalothrips). 5b. 8-segmented antenna (adult Frankliniella, Caliothrips, Anaphothrips, and some Thrips). 5c. 9-segmented antenna (adult Anaphothrips).
Figs. 10 and 11. Plate V in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 10 and 11. Plate V: Features around the ocellar triangle and the metanotum 10a. Ocellar III setae arising at a level essentially between anterior margin of the posterior ocelli, setal bases close together (white arrows) (adult Frankliniella schultzei). 10b. Ocellar III setae arising at the level of the anterior margin of posterior ocelli, setal bases widely separated (white arrows) (other Frankliniella). 10c. Ocellar III setae arising between posterior ocelli (white arrows) (adult Scirtothrips dorsalis). 11a. Metanotal campaniform sensilla absent (adult Frankliniella schultzei and Thrips tabaci). 11b. Metanotal campaniform sensilla present (white arrows) (adult other Frankliniella and Thrips palmi).
Figs. 13–15 in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 13–15. Plate VII: Wing characteristics, microtrichia, and cilia. 3a. Brachypterous wing (black arrows) (adult Frankliniella fusca). 13b. Apical setae on clavus (black arrow) longer than subapical setae (white arrow) (adult Thrips hawaiiensis). 14a. Microtrichial fields present on lateral thirds of tergites (white arrows) (adult Scirtothrips dorsalis). 14b. Microtrichia present on sculpture lines on the pleurotergites (black arrows) (adult Thrips tabaci). 15a. Fringe of cilia on forewing straight (black arrows) (adult Scirtothrips dorsalis). 15b. Fringe of cilia on forewing wavy (black arrows) (adult other species).
Figs. 23–26. Plate X in A photo-based key of thrips (Thysanoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Florida
Figs. 23–26. Plate X: Larval cuticular, abdominal and head characteristics. 23a. Pronotal setae extremely long (white line) (larval Scolothrips). 23b. Pronotal setae not extremely long (white line) (other larval thrips). 24a. Cuticle of abdomen ornamented with small stipples (white box); dorsal setae small (white arrows) (larval Scirtothrips dorsalis). 24b. Cuticle of abdomen ornamented with oval plaques, forming distinct rows (white box); moderate-sized dorsal setae (white arrows) (larvae other species). 25. Cuticle of head patterned with irregularly shaped reticulations (white arrows) (larval Scirtothrips dorsalis). 26. Dorsal setae funnel shaped (white arrows) (larval Chaetanaphothrips).
Figure 7 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources
Figure 7. Separated (a) and aggregated (b) comparison of the distribution areas of the beetle and its major host plants based on von Raab-Straube's (2014) study.
Figure 5 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources
Figure 5. Seasonal activity of Lamprodila festiva as a function of Köppen-Geiger climate zones (Peel et al. 2007) based on the online observation records. The grey zones indicate the centre of seasonal flight activity (15 -15 percent intervals from the arithmetic mean of all observation records).
Figure 4 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources
Figure 4. Different European propagation zones of Lamprodila festiva and the main directions of their escalation
Figure 3 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources
Figure 3. Occurrence data, distribution, and the theoretical spreading of Lamprodila festiva in Europe based on the data of Table 1. Explanation: the hatched area represents the assumed distribution area in the given period.
Figure 2 in A story of becoming a horticultural threat, cypress jewel beetle Lamprodila festiva (Coleoptera, Buprestidae): analytical approach of its European escalation based on bibliographical sources
Figure 2. The distribution of the content of publications on Lamprodila festiva as a function of time.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.