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95 results for “host–parasite relationships”
Figure 2 in Host-parasite relationships and life cycles of cuckoo wasps in agro-ecosystems in Argentina (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae: Chrysidini)
Figure 2. Emergence patterns of (a) Chrysis boutheryi (Brèthes) (squares; n = 20) and (b) C. saltana Bohart (triangles, n = 19) adults reared from trap-nests in Toay, La Pampa Province.
Figure 1 in Host-parasite relationships and life cycles of cuckoo wasps in agro-ecosystems in Argentina (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae: Chrysidini)
Figure 1. (a) Study sites: Toay (inverted triangle), Hortensia (square), Pila (triangle) and Colonia Elía (hexagon), situated in the Pampean region. The area encircled by thick line indicates the location of the Río de la Plata grasslands. Subdivisions are limited by dotted lines and identified by capital letters. A: Rolling Pampa; B: Inland Pampa; C: Southern Pampa; D: Flooding Pampa; E: Mesopotamic Pampa; F: Campos (modified from Medan et al.2011). (b–c) Trap-nests located in one tree and on fence posts.
Figure 2 in A Seinhorst Model Determined the Host-Parasite Relationships of Meloidogyne javanica Infecting Fenugreek cv. UM202
Figure 2: Effect of increasing nematode population densities (from 0.125 on the left to 128 J2s g-1 soil on the right) of M. javanica on the growth of fenugreek cv. UM-202, showing a reduction in plant growth. Symptoms of nematode attack (a marked reduction of plant growth) were evident at the P level of 8 J2s g-1 soil. However, the tolerance limits (T) of fenugreek plant shoot length i were 1.3 J2s g-1 soil.
Figure 3 in A Seinhorst Model Determined the Host-Parasite Relationships of Meloidogyne javanica Infecting Fenugreek cv. UM202
Figure 3: Relationship between initial population densities (Pi) of M. javanica and relative shoot length (A) and relative shoot dry weights (B) of fenugreek cv. UM-202, grown in pots under glasshouse conditions for 90 days. Each point represents the average of four replicated plants. Lines represent the predicted function calculated by fitting the Seinhorst model to data using the SeinFit program. Statistics for fitted models of shoot length and shoot dry weight were R2 = 0.90, sum of squares (SS) = 0.12; and R2 = 0.92, SS = 0.072, respectively.
Figure 1 in A Seinhorst Model Determined the Host-Parasite Relationships of Meloidogyne javanica Infecting Fenugreek cv. UM202
Figure 1: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the perineal pattern of M. javanica, which show a rounded to flattened dorsal arch and conspicuous lateral lines that separate the dorsal and ventral regions of the patterns. (A) A close view of the distinct lateral line in a perineal pattern distinguishes this species from other Meloidogyne spp. (B) An inner area was marked by coarsely broken striae and contained the vulva and anus.
Fig. 2 in Molecular confirmation of Hymenolepis hibernia in field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from St Kilda has potential to resolve a host-parasite relationship
Fig. 2. The Sanger sequence of 385 bp of mt-Cox-1 fragments of cyclophyllidean DNA generated from eggs recovered from mouse 9 and faeces X (6. H-HA25), aligned with 5 corresponding H. hibernia sequences published in the NCBI Genbank database. There are 12 intraspecific SNPs at positions 5, 60, 78, 84, 90, 156, 216, 219, 252, 262, 291 and 318. GeneBank submission ID: 2151861.
Fig. 1 in Molecular confirmation of Hymenolepis hibernia in field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from St Kilda has potential to resolve a host-parasite relationship
Fig. 1. Examples of cyclophyllidean tapeworms and eggs recovered from Apodemus sylvaticus viscera and faeces. A: Unarmed scolex of an intact tapeworm - mouse 5. B: Anoplocephalid tapeworm egg - mouse 8. C: Hymenolepidid egg cropped without changing dimensions from the same image as B, for comparison - mouse 8. D: Anoplocephalid tapeworm egg - mouse X (faeces from a cleat). E: Anoplocephalid onchosphere released after squashing an egg under a cover slip - mouse X (faeces from a cleat). F: Tapeworm from mouse 8 (scolex not intact). G: hymenolepidid tapeworm egg - mouse X (faeces from a cleat). H: Hexacanth onchosphere surrounded by an onchospheral membrane and inner zone of the embryophore, which has swollen, having been released from the egg shell by squashing under a cover slip - mouse 9. I: Hymenolepidid tapeworm egg - mouse 7. J: Hexacanth onchosphere surrounded by an intact onchospheral membrane and inner and outer zones of the embryophore, being released from a cracked egg shell by squashing under a cover slip - mouse 7. K: Hymenolepidid tapeworm egg - mouse 8. L: Hexacanth onchosphere surrounded by an onchospheral membrane and inner zone of the embryophore, which has swollen, having been released from the egg shell by squashing under a cover slip - mouse 8.
Fig. 3. Maximum Likelihood tree for the 35 haplotypes identified from 39 in Molecular confirmation of Hymenolepis hibernia in field mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) from St Kilda has potential to resolve a host-parasite relationship
Fig. 3. Maximum Likelihood tree for the 35 haplotypes identified from 39 mt-cox-1 sequences of Hymenolepis species. Of these, 19, 5, 2 and 8 haplotypes are identified in the Genbank database as H. diminuta, H. hibernia, H. microstoma and H. nana, respectively, and one haplotype (H-HA25) was identified here from the faeces of St Kilda mice 9 and X. Branches with bootstrap values (1000 replications) represented at the base of the nodes. The phylogeny is rooted with mt-cox-1 sequence of parasitic nematode H. contortus.
Fig. 2 in Untapped potential: The utility of drylands for testing eco-evolutionary relationships between hosts and parasites
Fig. 2. Worldwide endemic and imported cases of (A) cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and (B) viceral leishmaniasis (VL) as of 2018. Warmer colors indicate a higher number of cases reported that year. Source: World Health Organization (2019).
Fig. 1 in Helminth's assemblage of a small frog in the Brazilian semiarid: parasite-host-environment relationships
Fig. 1. Parasite load (total number of helminths per host) between females (N= 41) and males (N= 53) of Pseudopaludicola pocoto (Anura) from AssÚ municipality, Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil.
Figs 1-7 in Host-Parasite relationships and co-infection of nasal mites of Chrysomus ruficapillus (Passeriformes: Icteridae) in southern Brazil
Figs 1-7. Nasal mites parasites of Chrysomus ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1819) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) from southern of Brazil: 1, cavity nasal parasitized, circle highlights the location of mites in the nasal turbinates (Bar = 80 mm); 2, specimens of Ereynetidae and Rhinonyssidae (Bar =30 mm); 3; Boydaia agelaii Fain & Aitken, 1967 (Bar = 0.09 mm); 4, Sternostoma strandtmanni Furman, 1957 (Bar = 0.12 mm); 5, Ptilonyssus icteridius (Strandtmann & Furman, 1956) (Bar = 0.14 mm); 6, Ptilonyssus sairae Castro, 1948 (Bar = 0.15 mm); 7, Ptilonyssus sp (Bar = 0.2 mm).
Figure 8 Relationship between host parasitism rate and mean parasitoid load per host. Each data point represents 1 in Infection behavior, life history, and host parasitism rates of Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), an acoustically hunting parasitoid of the cicada Tibicen dorsatus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 8 Relationship between host parasitism rate and mean parasitoid load per host. Each data point represents 1 year of host population sampling data for a single study site. The solid line (blue in the color figure) represents the linear regression model for the data.
Do fungi look like macroparasites? Quantifying the patterns and mechanisms of aggregation for host-fungal parasite relationships
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Host-parasite relationship in urban environments: A network analysis of hemoparasite infections in Nasua nasua Linnaeus (South American coati)
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Parasite abundance-occupancy relationships across biogeographic regions: Joint effects of niche breadth, host availability, and climate
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Data from: The relationship between parasite fitness and host condition in an insect - virus system
Research in host-parasite evolutionary ecology has demonstrated that environmental variation plays a large role in mediating the outcome of parasite infection. For example, crowding or low food availability can reduce host condition and make them more vulnerable to parasite infection. This observation that poor-condition hosts often suffer more from parasite infection compared to healthy hosts has led to the assumption that parasite productivity is higher in poor-condition hosts. However, the ubiquity of this negative relationship between host condition and parasite fitness is unknown. Moreover, examining the effect of environmental variation on parasite fitness has been largely overlooked in the host-parasite literature. Here we investigate the relationship between parasite fitness and host condition by using a laboratory experiment with the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni and its viral pathogen, AcMNPV, and by surveying published host-parasite literature. Our experiments demonstrated that virus productivity was positively correlated with host food availability and the literature survey revealed both positive and negative relationships between host condition and parasite fitness. Together these data demonstrate that contrary to previous assumptions, parasite fitness can be positively or negatively correlated with host fitness. We discuss the significance of these findings for host-parasite population biology.
Data from: An invasive species reverses the roles in a host-parasite relationship between bitterling fish and unionid mussels
The impact of multiple invading species can be magnified due to mutual facilitation, termed "invasional meltdown", but invasive species can also be adversely affected by their interactions with other invaders. Using a unique reciprocal host-parasite relationship between a bitterling fish, Rhodeus amarus, and unionid mussels, we show that an invasive mussel reverses the roles in the relationship. Bitterling lay their eggs into mussel gills, and mussel larvae parasitize fish. Bitterling recently colonized Europe and parasitize all sympatric European mussels, but are unable to utilize a recently invasive mussel, Anodonta woodiana. The parasitic larvae of A. woodiana successfully develop on R. amarus, while larvae of European mussels are rejected by bitterling. This demonstrates that invading species may temporarily benefit from a coevolutionary lag by exploiting evolutionarily naïve hosts, but the resulting relaxed selection may facilitate its exploitation by subsequent invading species, leading to unexpected consequences for established interspecific relationships.
The overlooked complexity of avian brood parasite–host relationships
<p>The interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts have become widely recognised as model systems for studying coevolutionary processes. These systems have traditionally been viewed as relationships between one species of brood parasite and one species of host; however, with most brood parasites being known to parasitise multiple species of host and hosts often being subject to parasitism by multiple brood parasite species, opportunities to examine the ecology and evolution of multispecies interactions have generally been overlooked. Here, we compile data on all known brood parasite–host relationships and investigate where and how multiple species of brood parasites and hosts coexist. Considering these relationships as interactions in ecological networks, we find that complex brood parasite–host systems (i.e. those that include multiple species of brood parasites and hosts) exhibiting highly connected networks are found globally, with increased prevalence at lower latitudes in tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems. We also examine patterns of past research, outline the disparity between global patterns of network complexity and past research emphases, and discuss spatial and temporal factors that may be associated with these observed patterns. Drawing on insights gained from the handful of brood parasitism studies involving more complex scenarios and other biological systems that have embraced the use of a multispecies framework, we highlight the potential benefits of considering brood parasite–host interactions as ecological networks and brood parasitism as a model system for studying multispecies interactions. Overall, our results provide new insights into the diversity of these relationships when considered in a multispecies framework, highlight the stark mismatch between past research efforts and global patterns of system complexity, and draw attention to the opportunities that the study of more complex arrangements offers for examining how species interactions shape global patterns of biodiversity.</p>
Datasets - Unveiling Host-Parasite Relationships through Conserved MITEs in Prokaryote and Viral Genomes
<p><em><span>Title:</span></em></p> <p><strong><span>Unveiling Host-Parasite Relationships through Conserved MITEs in Prokaryote and Viral Genomes<span> </span></span></strong></p> <p><em><span> </span></em></p> <p><em><span>Authors:</span></em></p> <p><span>Francisco Nadal-Molero<sup>(1)</sup>, Riccardo Roselli<sup>(1)</sup>, Silvia Garcia-Juan<sup>(1)</sup>, Alicia Campos-Lopez<sup>(1)</sup>, Ana-Belen Martin-Cuadrado<sup>(1*)</sup></span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span>SUPPLEMENTARY FILES</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span> </span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S1.</span></strong><span> Sequences of cMITEs detected in Bacteria genomes (<em>fasta</em> format). The hosting microbial species and inferred NCBI-taxonomy are indicated in the name of each sequence. The structure of the MITE name is: “Accession|Genome|start|end|TSD|TIRlength|MITETracker_group|Lineage”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S2.</span></strong><span> Sequences of cMITEs detected in the Archaea genomes (<em>fasta</em> format). The hosting microbial species and inferred NCBI-taxonomy are indicated in the name of each sequence. The structure of the MITE name is: “Accession|Genome|start|end|TSD|TIRlength|MITETracker_group|Lineage”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S3.</span></strong><span> Sequences of vMITEs detected in the virus sequences from the NCBI and IMG/VR v.4.1 database (<em>fasta</em> format). Virus, microbial host (if known) and inferred NCBI-taxonomy is stated in the name of each sequence. The structure of the MITE name is: </span></p> <p><span>“Accession|Genome|start|end|TSD|TIRlength|MITETracker_group|Virus|Name|Host”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S4.</span></strong><span> Sequences of <span>si-vMITEs</span> detected in the virus sequences from the NCBI and IMG/VR v.4.1 database (<em>fasta</em> format). Virus, microbial host (if known) and inferred NCBI-taxonomy are stated in the name of each sequence. The structure of the MITE name is: “Accession|Genome|start|end|Ident.Method.by.DB|Host”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary Files S5. </span></strong><span>Cytoscape networks. (A) Figure 1A, (B) Figure 1B.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S6.</span></strong><span> Sequences of cMITEs obtained from <span>5837</span> genomes of Neisseriales. The structure of the MITE name is: </span></p> <p><span>“Accession|NucleotideID|start|end|TSD|TIRlength|MITETracker_group|Genome|Lineage”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S7.</span></strong><span> Sequences of si-vMITEs obtained from <span>5837</span> genomes of Neisseriales. The structure of the MITE name is: “Accession|Genome|start|end|Host”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S8.</span></strong><span> Sequences of cMITEs obtained from 46051 genomes of Bacteroidota. The structure of the MITE name is:</span></p> <p><span>“Accession|NucleotideID|start|end|TSD|TIRlength|MITETracker_group|Genome|Lineage”.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Supplementary File S9.</span></strong><span> Sequences of si-vMITEs obtained from 46051 genomes of Bacteroidota. The structure of the MITE name is: “Accession|Genome|start|end|Host”.</span></p>
FIGURE 59 in Mites of the subgenus Microtimyobia (Acariformes: Myobiidae: Radfordia) and their host-parasite relationships with cricetid rodents (Cricetidae) 2954
FIGURE 59. Radfordia (M.) cricetuliphila Bochkov, 1999 from Cricetulus barabensis, male. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, genital cone. Scale bars: A, B = 100 µm; C = 50 µm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.