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16 results for “host competence”
Fig. 2 in Relative competence of native and exotic fish hosts for two generalist native trematodes
Fig. 2. Mean worm size of the trematodes Telogaster opisthorchis (a) and Stegodexamene anguillae (b) in experimentally infected exotic brown trout and rainbow trout, and native longfin eel. Error bars indicate standard error.
Fig. 3 in Relative competence of native and exotic fish hosts for two generalist native trematodes
Fig. 3. Flowchart summarising the circulation and transmission dynamics of trematodes, (a) Telogaster opisthorchis and (b) Stegodexamene anguillae, in native and exotic hosts in Lake Pearson. (Native fish images; McDowall, 2000; exotic fish; Rauque et al., 2003.)
Fig. 1 in Relative competence of native and exotic fish hosts for two generalist native trematodes
Fig. 1. Mean worm size, number of eggs and egg volume of the trematodes Telogaster opisthorchis (a, c, e) and Stegodexamene anguillae (b, d, f) naturally infecting exotic salmonids (Lake Pearson) and native longfin eel (Lake Sumner). Error bars indicate standard error, ‡‡‡ Significant differences (P <0.0001).
Fig. 1 in Host competence of African rodents Arvicanthis neumanni, A. niloticus and Mastomys natalensis for Leishmania major
Fig. 1. Xenodiagnosis and external manifestation of L. major in rodents. Direct xenodiagnosis with P. duboscqi in plastic tubes covered with fine mesh held on the ear of the anaesthetized A. niloticus (A) and external manifestation of L. major LV109 in ear pinnae (site of inoculation) of A. neumanni by week 10 p.i., (B); A. niloticus by week 30 p.i. (C, D) and M. natalensis by week 19 p.i. (E).
Fig. 3 in Host competence of Algerian Gerbillus amoenus for Leishmania major
Fig. 3. The external manifestation of L. major infection in Gerbillus amoenus. A) non-infected ear, B) 8th-week post-infection, C) 11th-week post-infection, D) 6 months post-infection.
Fig. 2 in Host competence of Algerian Gerbillus amoenus for Leishmania major
Fig. 2. Lesion growth in Gerbillus amoenus and Balb/c mice. Data are presented as the means ± standard errors of the means.
Beyond single host, single parasite interactions: quantifying competence for complete multi-host, multi-parasite communities
<p>Understanding parasite transmission in communities requires knowledge of each species' capacity to support transmission. This property, "competence", is a critical currency for modeling transmission under community change and for testing diversity-disease theory. Despite the central role of competence in disease ecology, we lack a clear understanding of the factors that generate competence and drive its variation.</p> <p>We developed novel conceptual and quantitative approaches to systematically quantify competence for a multi-host, multi-parasite community. We applied our framework to an extensive dataset: five amphibian host species exposed to four parasitic trematode species across five ecologically realistic exposure doses. Together, this experimental design captured twenty host-parasite interactions while integrating important information on variation in parasite exposure. Using experimental infection assays, we measured multiple components of the infection process and combined them to produce competence estimates for each interaction.</p> <p>With directly estimated competence values, we asked which components of the infection process best explained variation in competence: barrier resistance (the initial fraction of administered parasites blocked from infecting a host), internal clearance (the fraction of established parasites lost over time) or pre-transmission mortality (the probability of host death prior to transmission). We found that variation in competence among the twenty interactions was best explained by differences in barrier resistance and pre-transmission mortality, underscoring the importance of host resistance and parasite pathogenicity in shaping competence.</p> <p>We also produced dose-integrated estimates of competence that incorporated natural variation in exposure to address questions on the basis and extent of variation in competence. We found strong signals that host species identity shaped competence variation (as opposed to parasite species identity). While variation in infection outcomes across hosts, parasites, individuals, and doses was considerable, individual heterogeneity was limited compared to among-species differences. This finding highlights the robustness of our competence estimates and suggests that species-level values may be strong predictors for community-level transmission in natural systems.</p> <p>Competence emerges from distinct underlying processes and can have strong species-level characteristics; thus, this property has great potential for linking mechanisms of infection to epidemiological patterns.</p>
Fig. 1 in Host competence of Algerian Gerbillus amoenus for Leishmania major
Fig. 1. Location map of the study area.
Beyond single host, single parasite interactions: quantifying competence for complete multi-host, multi-parasite communities
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Many roads to reservoirs? How susceptibility and shedding shape host competence in amphibians
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Data from: Population density, not host competence, drives patterns of disease in an invaded community
Generalist parasites can strongly influence interactions between native and invasive species. Host competence can be used to predict how an invasive species will affect community disease dynamics; the addition of a highly competent, invasive host is predicted to increase disease. However, densities of invasive and native species can also influence the impacts of invasive species on community disease dynamics. We examined whether information on host competence alone could be used to accurately predict the effects of an invasive host on disease in native hosts. We first characterized the relative competence of an invasive species and a native host species to a native parasite. Next, we manipulated species composition in mesocosms and found that host competence results did not accurately predict community dynamics. While the invasive host was more competent than the native, the presence of the native (lower competence) host increased disease in the invasive (higher competence) host. To identify potential mechanisms driving these patterns, we analyzed a two-host, one-parasite model parameterized for our system. Our results demonstrate that patterns of disease were primarily driven by relative population densities, mediated by asymmetry in intra- and interspecific competition. Thus, information on host competence alone may not accurately predict how an invasive species will influence disease in native species.
Data from: Population density, not host competence, drives patterns of disease in an invaded community
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Data from: The context dependent effects of host competence, competition, and the pathogen transmission mode on disease prevalence
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Host CLIC4 is essential for breast cancer metastatic competence
GEO Series GSE185163. Mus musculus. 32 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Microbially competent 3D skin - a novel test system for studying host-microbe interaction
GEO Series GSE129864. Homo sapiens. 9 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
CLIC4 is essential for host competence for metastasis in murine models of breast cancer and a prognostic indicator for human breast cancer
GEO Series GSE141057. Mus musculus. 17 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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