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41 results for “host plant preference”
Data and code for: Habitat preference of an herbivore shapes the habitat distribution of its host plant
<p>Initial release of analysis and code for:</p> <p>Alexandre, N. M., P. T. Humphrey, A. D. Gloss, J. Lee, J. Frazier, H. A. Affeldt III, and N. K. Whiteman. 2018. Habitat preference of an herbivore shapes the habitat distribution of its host plant. Ecosphere 00(00):e02372. (full citation pending)</p> <p>Release published to accompany corrected proofs on 2018-Jul-26.</p>
Novel host plant unmasks heritable variation in plant preference within an insect population
<p>Introductions of novel plant species can disturb the historical resource environment of herbivorous insects, resulting in strong selection to either adopt or exclude the novel host. However, an adaptive response depends on heritable genetic variation for preference or performance within the targeted herbivore population, and it is unclear how heritability of host-use preference may differ between novel and historical hosts. <em>Pieris macdunnoughii</em> butterflies in the Rocky Mountains lay eggs on the nonnative mustard <em>Thlaspi arvense</em>, which is lethal to their offspring. Heritability analyses revealed considerable sex-linked additive genetic variation in host preference within a population of this butterfly. This was contrary to general predictions about the genetic basis of preference variation, which are hypothesized to be sex-linked between populations but autosomal within populations. Evidence of sex-linkage disappeared when butterflies were tested on methanol-based chemical extracts, suggesting these chemicals in isolation may not be the primary driver of female choice among available host plants. Although unexpected, evidence for within-population sex-linked genetic variation in preference for <em>T. arvense</em> over native hosts indicates that persistent maladaptive oviposition on this lethal plant must be maintained by alternative evolutionary dynamics such as migration- or drift-selection balance or pleiotropic constraints.</p>
Figure 3 in The Alticini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) fauna of Davraz Mountain (Isparta): comments on host plant and altitude preferences with two new records for Turkish fauna
Figure 3. Distributions of the Alticini species numbers on Davraz Mountain with respect to different altitude ranges.
Figure 5 in The Alticini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) fauna of Davraz Mountain (Isparta): comments on host plant and altitude preferences with two new records for Turkish fauna
Figure 5. Longitarsus brunneus (Duftschmidt): a) aedeagus ventral view, b) aedeagus lateral view, c) spermatheca. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 in The Alticini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) fauna of Davraz Mountain (Isparta): comments on host plant and altitude preferences with two new records for Turkish fauna
Figure 2. Percentages of flea beetle genera recorded from the study area in terms of species number.
Fig. 1 in Oviposition preference of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on five host plant species
Fig. 1. Photo showing the cage arrangement. Six cages (1.83 × 1.83 × 1.83 m with 20 × 20 Mesh Lumite) were constructed in a shadehouse in a north-south row. Each cage had 5 potential host plants and a source plant containing adult whiteflies.
Fig. 2 in Oviposition preference of rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on five host plant species
Fig. 2. The cumulative number of eggs deposited on different plants during the experiment. The average cumulative number of eggs was always greatest on gumbo limbo.
Novel host plant unmasks heritable variation in plant preference within an insect population
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Data from: Introduced bees (Osmia cornifrons) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Studying the pollen preferences of introduced bees allows us to investigate how species utilize host-plants when establishing in new environments. <i>Osmia cornifrons</i> is a solitary bee introduced into North America from East-Asia for pollination of crops in the Rosaceae. We investigated whether <i>O. cornifrons</i> 1) more frequently collected pollen from host-plant species they coevolved with from their geographic origin, or 2) prefer hosts-plant species of specific plant taxa independent of origin. To address this question, using pollen metabarcoding we examined the identity and relative abundance of pollen in larval provisions from nests located in different habitats with varying abundance of East-Asian and non-Asian plant species. Our results show that <i>O. cornifrons</i> disproportionately, yet not exclusively, collected pollen from their native range. Plants in the family Rosaceae were their most preferred pollen hosts, where they differentially collected species native to East-Asia, Europe, or North America depending on the landscape. Our results suggest that while <i>O. cornifrons</i> more frequently collect pollen of East-Asian origin, the collection of pollen from novel species within their phylogenetic familial affinities can facilitate pollinator establishment. This phylogenetic preference highlights the effectiveness of <i>O. cornifrons</i> as crop pollinators of a variety of Rosaceae crops from different geographic origins. Ourresults imply that globalization of non-native plant species may ease the naturalization of their coevolved pollinators outside of their native range. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fig. 2 in Host plant preference of Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) among weeds and sugar cane varieties found in Florida sugar cane fields
Fig. 2. Diagram of the larval host plant tests.
Fig. 1 in Host plant preference of Melanotus communis (Coleoptera: Elateridae) among weeds and sugar cane varieties found in Florida sugar cane fields
Fig. 1. Diagram of the adult host plant tests.
Figure 1 in The Alticini (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) fauna of Davraz Mountain (Isparta): comments on host plant and altitude preferences with two new records for Turkish fauna
Figure 1. Location of Davraz Mountain.
Plant oviposition preferences in a generalist herbivore: Tests of host plant selection and the Hopkins’ host selection principle
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Data from: Introduced bees (Osmia cornifrons) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences
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Preference, performance, and chemical defense in an endangered butterfly using novel and ancestral host plants
<p>Adoption of novel host plants by herbivorous insects can require new adaptations and may entail loss of adaptation to ancestral hosts. We examined relationships between an endangered subspecies of the butterfly <i>Euphydryas editha </i>(Taylor's checkerspot) and three host plant species. Two of the hosts (<i>Castilleja hispida, Castilleja levisecta</i>) were used ancestrally while the other, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, is exotic and was adopted more recently. We measured oviposition preference, neonate preference, larval growth, and secondary chemical uptake on all three hosts. Adult females readily laid eggs on all hosts but favored <i>Plantago </i>and tended to avoid <i>C. levisecta. </i>Oviposition preference changed over time.<i> </i>Neonates had no preference among host species, but consistently chose bracts over leaves within both <i>Castilleja </i>species. Larvae developed successfully on all species and grew to similar size on all of them unless they ate only <i>Castilleja </i>leaves (rather than bracts) which limited their growth. Diet strongly influenced secondary chemical uptake by larvae. Larvae that ate <i>Plantago </i>or <i>C. hispida </i>leaves contained the highest concentrations of iridoid glycosides, and iridoid glycoside composition varied with host species and tissue type. Despite having largely switched to a novel exotic host and generally performing better on it, this population has retained breadth in preference and ability to use other hosts.</p>
Data from: Specificity, rank preference and the colonization of a non-native host plant by the Melissa blue butterfly
Animals often express behavioral preferences for different types of food or other resources, and these preferences can evolve or shift following association with novel food types. Shifts in preference can involve at least two phenomena: a change in rank preference or a change in specificity. The former corresponds to a change in the order in which hosts are preferred, while a shift in specificity can be an increase in the tendency to utilize multiple hosts. These possibilities have been examined in relatively few systems that include extensive population-level replication. The Melissa blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa, has colonized exotic alfalfa, Medicago sativa, throughout western North America. We assayed host preferences of 229 females from 10 populations associated with novel and native hosts. In four out of five native-associated populations, a native host was preferred over the exotic host, while preference for a native host characterized only two out of five of the alfalfa-associated populations. Across all individuals from alfalfa-associated populations, there appears to have been a decrease in specificity: females from these populations lay fewer eggs on the native host and more eggs on the exotic relative to females from native-host populations. However, females from alfalfa-associated populations did not lay more eggs on a third plant species, which suggests that preferences for specific hosts in this system can potentially be gained and lost independently. Geographic variation in oviposition preference in L. melissa highlights the value of surveying a large number of populations when studying the evolution of a complex behavioral trait.
Data from: Beyond preference and performance: host plant selection by monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus
The connection between adult preferences and offspring performance is long-standing issue in understanding the evolutionary and ecological forces that dictate host associations and specialization in herbivorous insects. Indeed, decisions made by females about where to lay their eggs have direct consequences for fitness and are influenced by interacting factors including offspring performance, defence, and competition. Nonetheless, in addition to these attributes of the offspring, a female's choices may be affected by her own prior experience. Here we examined oviposition preference, larval performance, and the role of learning in the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus, which encounters diverse milkweed host species across its broad range and over the course of migration. Monarch females consistently preferred to oviposit on Asclepias incarnata subspecies pulchra. This plant, however, was associated with poor caterpillar growth, low sequestration of toxins, and the highest plant defences (latex and trichomes). We examined flexibility in this apparently maladaptive preference by testing the impact of previous experience and competition on preference. Experience laying on an alternative plant species enhanced preference for that species in contrast to A. i. pulchra. In addition, presence of a (competing) conspecific caterpillar on A. i. pulchra had a strongly deterrent effect and reversed host plant preferences. Thus, monarch butterflies exhibit preferences contrary to what would be expected based on offspring development and sequestered defences, but their preferences are altered by learning and competition, which may allow butterflies to shift preferences as they encounter diverse milkweeds across the landscape. Learning and perception of threats (i.e., competition or predation) may be critical for most herbivorous insects, which universally experience heterogeneity among their potential host plants.
Innate preference hierarchies coupled with adult experience, rather than larval imprinting or transgenerational acclimation, determine host plant use in Pieris rapae
The evolution of host range drives diversification in phytophagous insects, and understanding the female oviposition choices is pivotal for understanding host specialization. One controversial mechanism for female host choice is Hopkins' host selection principle, where females are predicted to increase their preference for the host species they were feeding upon as larvae. A recent hypothesis posits that such larval imprinting is especially adaptive in combination with anticipatory transgenerational acclimation, so that females both allocate and adapt their offspring to their future host. We study the butterfly <i>Pieris rapae</i>, for which previous evidence suggests that females prefer to oviposit on host individuals of similar nitrogen content as the plant they were feeding upon as larvae, and where the offspring show higher performance on the mother's host type. We test the hypothesis that larval experience and anticipatory transgenerational effects influence female host plant acceptance (no-choice) and preference (choice) of two host plant species (<i>Barbarea vulgaris</i> and <i>Berteroa incana</i>) of varying nitrogen content. We then test the offspring performance on these hosts. We found no evidence of larval imprinting affecting female decision-making during oviposition, but that an adult female experience of egg laying in no-choice trials on the less-preferred host <i>Be. incana</i> slightly increased the <i>P. rapae</i> propensity to oviposit on <i>Be. incana</i> in subsequent choice trials. We found no transgenerational effects on female host acceptance or preference, but negative transgenerational effects on larval performance, because the offspring of <i>P. rapae</i> females that had developed on<i> Be. incana</i> as larvae grew slower on both hosts, and especially on <i>Be. incana</i>. Our results suggest that among host-species preferences are guided by hard-wired preference hierarchies linked to species-specific host traits and less affected by larval experience or transgenerational effects, which may be more important for females evaluating different host individuals of the same species.
Ontogenetic Shifts in Behavior and Host-Plant Preference of a Tropical Clown Grasshopper
<p>This repository contains all the data and scripts necessary to perform the analyses of the study</p>
Transgenerational inheritance of learned preferences for novel host plant odors in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
<p>Many phytophagous insects have strong preferences for their host plants, which they recognize via odors, making it unclear how novel host preferences develop in the course of insect diversification. Insects may learn to prefer new host plants via exposure to their odors and pass this learned preference to their offspring. We tested this hypothesis by examining larval odor preferences before and after feeding them with leaves coated with control and novel odors and by examining odor preferences again in their offspring. Larvae of the parental generation developed a preference for two of these odors over their development. These odor preferences were also transmitted to the next generation. Offspring of butterflies fed on these new odors chose these odors more often than offspring of butterflies fed on control leaves. In addition, offspring of butterflies fed on banana odors had a significant naïve preference for the banana odors in contrast to the naïve preference for control leaves shown by individuals of the parental generation. Thus, butterflies can learn to prefer novel host plant odors via exposure to them during larval development and transmit these learned preferences to their offspring. This ability potentially facilitates shifts in host plant use over the course of insect diversification.</p>
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