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18 results for “host plant resistance”
Fig. 2 in Host plant resistance in cultivated jute and its wild relatives towards jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Fig. 2. Mean number of egg clusters (A) and eggs per cluster (B) laid by Spilosoma obliqua females on 6 jute species in no-choice tests.
Fig. 1 in Host plant resistance in cultivated jute and its wild relatives towards jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Fig. 1. Effect of cultivated and wild jute species on Spilosoma obliqua larvae settlement (%) (A) and leaf area consumed (cm2) (B) afer 24 h in multiplechoice tests.
Fig. 1 in Impact of host plant resistance on emergence, body parameters, and supercooling point of Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Coleoptera: Brentidae)
Fig. 1. Daily (Mean ± SE) sweetpotato weevil emergence 30 d afer oviposition from individual storage roots of sweetpotato cultivars 'Beauregard,' 'Evangeline,' and 'Murasaki.'
Insecticide resistance triggers a reduction of virulence to host-plant defenses in the brown planthopper
<p>This dataset contains R scripts to analyze the virulence of resistance rice cultivars and to draw figures. Data contains the LD<sub>50</sub> values of imidacloprid, virulence test and figure data. This study was supported by grants-in-aid from Japan's National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) project 315 and the NARO Innovation Project 2017 for the NARO.</p>
Figure 2 in Silicon derivatives induced host plant resistance against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in eggplants farms
Figure 2. (A) Silicon leaf, total protein and phenol contents, (B) Activity of POD, CAT, and PPO of S. melongena- treated plants. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different using Tukey's HSD Test at P <0.05. T1 = Control, T2 = OSAB 2 mL L−1, T3= OSAB 4 mL L−1, T4= Silica K 2 mL L−1, and T5 = Silica K 4 mL L−1.
Figure 1 in Silicon derivatives induced host plant resistance against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in eggplants farms
Figure 1. Mean number ± SE of the different stages of T. urticae on S. melongena leaves 10, 30 and 50 days after spraying (DAS). Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different using Tukey's HSD at P <0.05. T1 = Control, T2 = OSAB 2 mL L−1, T3 = OSAB 4 mL L−1, T4 = Silica K 2 mL L−1, and T5 = Silica K 4 mL L−1.
Data from: Adaptation of a plant pathogen to partial host resistance: selection for greater aggressiveness in grapevine downy mildew
An understanding of the evolution of pathogen quantitative traits in response to host selective pressures is essential for the development of durable management strategies for resistant crops. However, we still lack experimental data on the effects of partial host resistance on multiple phenotypic traits (aggressiveness) and evolutionary strategies in pathogens. We performed a cross-inoculation experiment with four grapevine hosts and 103 isolates of grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) sampled from susceptible and partially resistant grapevine varieties. We analysed the neutral and adaptive genetic differentiation of five quantitative traits relating to pathogen transmission. Isolates from resistant hosts were more aggressive than isolates from susceptible hosts, as they had a shorter latency period and higher levels of spore production. This pattern of adaptation contrasted with the lack of neutral genetic differentiation, providing evidence for directional selection. No specificity for a particular host variety was detected. Adapted isolates had traits that were advantageous on all resistant varieties. There was no fitness cost associated with this genetic adaptation, but several trade-offs between pathogen traits were observed. These results should improve the accuracy of prediction of fitness trajectories for this biotrophic pathogen, an essential element for the modelling of durable deployment strategies for resistant varieties.
Complex adaptive architecture underlies adaptation to quantitative host resistance in a fungal plant pathogen
<p>Plant pathogens often adapt to plant genetic resistance so characterization of the architecture underlying such an adaptation is required to understand the adaptive potential of pathogen populations. Erosion of banana quantitative resistance to a major leaf disease caused by polygenic adaptation of the causal agent, the fungus <i>Pseudocercospora fijiensis,</i> was recently identified in the northern Caribbean region<i>. </i>Genome scan and quantitative genetics approaches were combined to investigate the adaptive architecture underlying this adaptation. Thirty-two genomic regions showing host selection footprints were identified by pool sequencing of isolates collected from seven plantation pairs of two cultivars with different levels of quantitative resistance. Individual sequencing and phenotyping of isolates from one pair revealed significant and variable levels of correlation between haplotypes in 17 of these regions with a quantitative trait of pathogenicity (the diseased leaf area). The multilocus pattern of haplotypes detected in the 17 regions was found to be highly variable across all the population pairs studied. These results suggest complex adaptive architecture underlying plant pathogen adaptation to quantitative resistance with a polygenic basis, redundancy, and a low level of parallel evolution between pathogen populations. Candidate genes involved in quantitative pathogenicity and host adaptation of <i>P. fijiensis </i>were identified in genomic regions by combining annotation analysis with available biological data.</p>
Data from: Adaptation of a plant pathogen to partial host resistance: selection for greater aggressiveness in grapevine downy mildew
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Data from: Plant ants use resistance-related plant odours to assess host quality before colony founding
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Complex adaptive architecture underlies adaptation to quantitative host resistance in a fungal plant pathogen
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Data from: Quantitative trait loci from the host genetic background modulate the durability of a resistance gene: a rational basis for sustainable resistance breeding in plants
The combination of major resistance genes with quantitative resistance factors is hypothesized as a promising breeding strategy to preserve the durability of resistant cultivar, as recently observed in different pathosystems. Using the pepper (Capsicum annuum)/Potato virus Y (PVY, genus Potyvirus) pathosystem, we aimed at identifying plant genetic factors directly affecting the frequency of virus adaptation to the major resistance gene pvr23 and at comparing them with genetic factors affecting quantitative resistance. The resistance breakdown frequency was a highly heritable trait (h²=0.87). Four loci including additive quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and epistatic interactions explained together 70% of the variance of pvr23 breakdown frequency. Three of the four QTLs controlling pvr23 breakdown frequency were also involved in quantitative resistance, strongly suggesting that QTLs controlling quantitative resistance have a pleiotropic effect on the durability of the major resistance gene. With the first mapping of QTLs directly affecting resistance durability, this study provides a rationale for sustainable resistance breeding. Surprisingly, a genetic trade-off was observed between the durability of PVY resistance controlled by pvr23 and the spectrum of the resistance against different potyviruses. This trade-off seemed to have been resolved by the combination of minor-effect durability QTLs under long term farmer selection.
Data from: Na+/K+-ATPase resistance and cardenolide sequestration: basal adaptations to host plant toxins in the milkweed bugs (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae: Lygaeinae)
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Data from: Quantitative trait loci from the host genetic background modulate the durability of a resistance gene: a rational basis for sustainable resistance breeding in plants
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Investigating the role of Osiris genes in Drosophila sechellia larval resistance to a host plant toxin
GEO Series GSE123186. Drosophila sechellia. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Adaptation to resistant hosts increases fitness on susceptible hosts in the plant parasitic nematode Globodera pallida
Trade-offs between virulence (defined as the ability to infect a resistant host) and life-history traits are of particular interest in plant pathogens for durable management of plant resistances. Adaptation to plant resistances (i.e., virulence acquisition) is indeed expected to be associated with a fitness cost on susceptible hosts. Here, we investigated whether life-history traits involved in the fitness of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida are affected in a virulent lineage compared to an avirulent one. Both lineages were obtained from the same natural population through experimental evolution on resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively. Unexpectedly, we found that virulent lineages were more fit than avirulent lineages on susceptible hosts: they produced bigger cysts, containing more larvae and hatching faster. We thus discuss possible reasons explaining why virulence did not spread into natural G. pallida populations.
Data from: Adaptation to resistant hosts increases fitness on susceptible hosts in the plant parasitic nematode Globodera pallida
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A link between host plant adaptation and pesticide resistance in the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae
GEO Series GSE39869. Tetranychus urticae. 23 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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