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96 results for “human disturbance”
Supplementary data for "Effect of Human Disturbance on Bird Telomere Length: An Experimental Approach"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Human recreational activities increase worldwide in space and frequency leading to higher rates of encounter between humans and wild animals. Because wildlife often perceive humans as predators, this increase in human disturbance may have negative consequences for the individuals and also for the viability of populations. Up to now, experiments on the effects of human disturbance on wildlife have mainly focused on individual behavioral and stress-physiological reactions, on breeding success, and on survival. However, the effects on other physiological parameters and trans-generational effects remain poorly understood. We used a low-intensity experimental disturbance in the field to explore the impacts of human disturbance on telomere length in great tit (<em>Parus major</em>) populations and found a clear effect of disturbance on telomere length. Adult males, but not females, in disturbed plots showed shorter telomere lengths when compared to control plot. Moreover, variation in telomere length of adult great tits was reflected in the next generation, as we found a positive correlation between telomere length of the chicks and of their fathers. Given that telomere length has been linked to animal lifespan, our study highlights that activities considered to be of little concern (i.e., low levels of disturbance) can have a long-lasting impact on the physiology and survival of wild animals and their next generation.</p>
Fig. 5 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 5. Human detections along five, two-kilometre transects, one each in five habitats/subtypes (young dipterocarp forest, flooded dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, mature dipterocarp forest, and wetlands) per month in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary. Effort = number of habitat subtypes * total months sampled per year * 2 km, X-axis= year, Y-axis= human disturbance index (number of human detections per one unit of effort).
Fig. 1 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 1. Map of Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary with land-cover changes; flooded dipterocarp forest (FL), mixed deciduous forest (MD) and young dipterocarp forest (YI) in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary between 1999 and 2020 and locations of bird survey points.
Fig 4 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig 4. Seasonal (y-axis) and long-term trends of abundances of six avian guilds in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary from 1999 to 2020. Redder = higher abundances, white/paler = lower abundances, and grey = no data.
Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
<p><span>Shorebird populations have declined due to several threats throughout their annual cycle. Anthropogenic disturbance is one of the most ubiquitous threats to shorebird conservation in North America. Here, we studied the influence of human disturbance on shorebird community dynamics during migration and winter in Ensenada de La Paz, a subtropical coastal wetland in Mexico. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models to investigate the associations between spatial, biological, and anthropogenic variation and local shorebird abundance that accounted for shorebird body size (small, medium, and large) and foraging strategy (visual and tactile) of 21 shorebird species. After controlling for these different correlates of abundance, human disturbance (people, vehicles, and dogs) was negatively associated with shorebird abundance. During winter, all shorebird species were negatively related to human disturbance but positively associated with presence of raptors. However, small, tactile foraging birds exhibited a proportionally larger negative response to human disturbance than other shorebird types, indicative of guild-level sensitivities to human disturbance regimes. The positive association between shorebird abundance and disturbance from predators was unexpected. Shorebirds likely concentrate in large groups to reduce predation risk, resulting in higher densities of shorebirds occurring in areas with high predation risk. Understanding factors influencing the abundance and habitat use of shorebirds on their non-breeding grounds is paramount to support management and conservation policies for shorebirds and their habitats.</span></p>
Data from: Protection status, human disturbance, snow cover and trapping drive density of a declining wolverine population in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
<p>Protected areas are important in species conservation, but high rates of human-caused mortality outside their borders and increasing popularity for recreation can negatively affect wildlife populations. We quantified wolverine (<em>Gulo gulo</em>) population trends from 2011 to 2020 in >14 000 km2 protected and non-protected habitat in southwestern Canada. We conducted wolverine and multi-species surveys using non-invasive DNA and remote camera-based methods. We developed Bayesian integrated models combining spatial capture-recapture data of marked and unmarked individuals with occupancy data. Wolverine density and occupancy declined by 39 percent, with an annual population growth rate of 0.925. Density within protected areas was 3 times higher than outside and declined between 2011 (3.6 wolverines/1000 km2) and 2020 (2.1 wolverines/1000 km2). Wolverine density and detection probability increased with snow cover and decreased near development. Detection probability also decreased with human recreational activity. The annual harvest rate of 13% was above the maximum sustainable rate. We conclude that humans negatively affected the population through direct mortality, sub-lethal effects and habitat impacts. Our study exemplifies the need to monitor population trends for species at risk – within and between protected areas - as steep declines can occur unnoticed if key conservation concerns are not identified and addressed.</p>
Habitat occupancy of the critically endangered Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) under human disturbance in an urban environment: Implications for conservation
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Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
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Data from: Protection status, human disturbance, snow cover and trapping drive density of a declining wolverine population in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
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McMurdo Dry Valleys Human Disturbances Effects on Chlorophyll-A
Concerns over environmental disturbance in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are increasing with increasing foot traffic from tourists and scientist. The effect of pedestrian disturbance was monitored by comparing the species composition, depth distribution and soil properties between adjacent high-, low- and no- traffic sites. This study began in the austral summer 1995/1996.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Human Disturbance Effects on soils - Soil Moisture
Concerns over environmental disturbance in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are increasing with increasing foot traffic from tourists and scientist. The effect of pedestrian disturbance were monitored by comparing the species composition, depth distribution and soil properties between adjacent high-, low- and no- traffic sites. This study began in the austral summer 1995/1996.
McMurdo Dry Valleys Human Disturbance Effects on soils - Soil Organism
Concerns over environmental disturbance in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are increasing with increasing foot traffic from tourists and scientist. The effect of pedestrian disturbance were monitored by comparing the species composition, depth distribution and soil properties between adjacent high-, low- and no- traffic sites. This study began in the austral summer 1995/1996.
The influence of human disturbances on the spatio-temporal habitat selection patterns of roe deer near Trento (Italy)
<p>This is the dataset used for the MSc. thesis of Matthijs Hinkamp for the master Earth Sciences (Environmental Management track) at the University of Amsterdam.</p> <p>In this thesis the Individual Movement Sequence Analysis Method (IM-SAM) was applied to analyse the influence of human disturbances on the sequential habitat use of roe deer in northern Italy. While it is known that in this area the roe deer populations are affected by anthropogenic pressures, the actual spatial and temporal implications of such pressures are unknown.</p> <p>The input for IM-SAM consisted of habitat sequences, which were obtained through tracking data from the Fondazione Edmund Mach, land use and land cover maps and temporal information. Based on exploratory dissimilarity trees for the real behavioural sequences, several simulation profiles were established, each with a different habitat use pattern.</p> <p>The results show that most roe deer prefer isolated forest areas, but alternating patterns are definitely present. Several co variables were assessed: the influence of the hunting season, increased pressure during weekends, differences between protected and unprotected areas and changes in the average NDVI. It seems that roe deer are affected by the hunting pressure in September. This month shows an increase in the prevalence of alternating profiles, which indicates that roe deer tend to change their habitat use during periods of the day when hunting takes place. It cannot be concluded that habitat use patterns are altered during the weekends and the differences between sequences in protected and unprotected areas seem to be relatively small. However, some results indicate that alternating habitat use is a strategy for some roe deer in protected areas. When looking at the NDVI values, it becomes clear that the average NDVI is higher overall for the alternating profiles, but this just underlines the general conclusions drawn about the habitat use strategies in September.</p>
Data from: Increased diversity and concordant shifts in community structure of coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria subjected to chronic human disturbance
<p>Coral-associated bacteria and endosymbiotic algae (Symbiodiniaceae<i> </i>spp.) are both vitally important for the biological function of corals. Yet little is known about their co-occurrence within corals, how their diversity varies across coral species, or how they are impacted by anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we sampled coral colonies (n = 472) from seven species, encompassing a range of life history traits, across a gradient of chronic human disturbance (n = 11 sites on Kiritimati (Christmas) atoll) in the central equatorial Pacific, and quantified the sequence assemblages and community structure of their associated Symbiodiniaceae<i> </i>and bacterial communities. Although Symbiodiniaceae alpha diversity did not vary with chronic human disturbance, disturbance was consistently associated with higher bacterial Shannon diversity and richness, with bacterial richness by sample almost doubling from sites with low to very high disturbance. Chronic disturbance was also associated with altered microbial beta diversity for Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria, including changes in community structure for both and increased variation (dispersion) of the Symbiodiniaceae communities. We also found concordance between Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial<i> </i>community structure, when all corals were considered together, and individually for two massive species, <i>Hydnophora microconos</i> and <i>Porites lobata, </i>implying that symbionts<i> </i>and bacteria respond similarly to human disturbance in these species. Finally, we found that the dominant Symbiodiniaceae ancestral lineage in a coral colony was associated with differential abundances of several distinct bacterial taxa. These results suggest that increased beta diversity of Symbiodiniaceae<i> </i>and bacterial communities may be a reliable indicator of stress in the coral microbiome, and that there may be concordant responses to chronic disturbance between these communities at the whole-ecosystem scale.</p>
Fig. 2 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 2. Annual rainfall measured adjacent to Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary 1999–2020.
Fig. 3. Forest cover within 300 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 3. Forest cover within 300 meters of bird survey points in 1999 and 2020.
A genome catalogue of mercury-methylating bacteria and archaea from sediments of a boreal river facing human disturbances
<p>Methyl mercury is a toxic compound produced by anaerobic microbes that biomagnifies in aquatic food webs, impacting animal and human health. Genome-based explorations of Hg methylators remain limited, particularly in the context of river ecosystems. To fill this knowledge gap, we created a genome catalogue of putative Hg-methylating microorganisms (based on the presence of <em>hgcAB</em>) from the sediments of a river impacted by two run-of-river hydroelectric dams, logging, and a wildfire. By using genome-resolved metagenomics, we uncovered a unique and diverse assemblage of Hg methylators dominated by members of the metabolically versatile Bacteroidota and particularly enriched in butyrate fermentative microbes. By comparing diversity and abundance of Hg methylators between sites that were subjected to different disturbances, we found that ongoing disturbances, such as input of organic matter related to logging activities. were particularly favorable to the establishment of a Hg-methylating niche. Lastly, for a deeper understanding of the environmental factors shaping Hg methylator diversity, we juxtaposed the Hg-methylating genome catalogue with the wider microbial community. The results suggest that Hg methylators respond to environmental conditions similarly to overall microbial community, and therefore it is crucial to interpret the diversity and abundance of Hg methylators within their specific ecological context.</p>
Distribution, response to human disturbance, habitat preferences, and acoustic communication of tree hyraxes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
<p><span>This data consists data from recordings done in Mt. Kilimanjaro. Hourly calls of tree hyraxes have been calculated between 19.00 until 06:00. Dataset also has variables collected by other research groups.</span></p> <p><span>We combined our data of cue count per hour with data to analyse tree hyrax density with explanatory variables to model occupancy of tree hyraxes in Kilimanjaro. Dataset was combined from several research projects conducted within the Kili-Project (Hemp et al. 2018) (Table 1). Variables included forest type, temperature (Appelhans et al. 2015) precipitation (Appelhans et al. 2016). diameter breast height (DBH), leaf density, max vegetation height, and leaf area index (LAI) (Rutten et al., 2015). We also included land use index (LUI) (Peters et al. 2019) to the dataset, which included four different variables (percentage plant biomass removal, agricultural inputs, modification of the vegetation and percentage of agricultural area in the surroundings). </span></p> <p><span>Abstract</span></p> <p><span>Limited knowledge exists of the distribution, habitat selection, behavior and response to human disturbance of many mammalian species from mountains of Africa. This is especially true for nocturnal mammals. We studied acoustically very active tree hyraxes (<em>Dendrohyrax validus validus</em>) from Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania mainly with bioacoustical methods. To gain understanding of the habitat preferences of tree hyraxes we combined bioacoustical data with botanical and meteorological data collected earlier by <span>KiLi Project</span>. According to GLMM analysis, disturbance caused by logging or forest fires significantly reduced tree hyrax calling activity. In Mt. Kilimanjaro, highest density of tree hyraxes was found from 2750 m a.s.l. It seems that extensive hunting in the past and selective logging below elevation 2500 m caused tree hyraxes to move up the mountain. Calls of tree hyraxes in Mt. Kilimanjaro resemble calls emitted by hyraxes in Taita Hills, Kenya; however, there are clear differences in their calling cultures. In Mt. Kilimanjaro tree hyraxes also sing songs, and their acoustic communication is very active and diverse. In most preferred habitats, groups of tree hyraxes may call 4500–5500 times during one night. Calling seem to have elements of turn taking and individual signatures. Future of tree hyraxes in large, 650 km<sup>2</sup>, Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park seems promising and perhaps in the future tree hyraxes will recolonize the whole park area again.</span></p>
Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China
<p>This version updates the dataset to reflect revised analyses in the resubmitted manuscript to Ecology and Evolution.</p> <p><strong>Title:</strong><br><strong>Data and Code for "Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China"</strong></p> <p><strong>Description:</strong><br>This dataset contains the raw data and R scripts used to generate specific figures in the manuscript <em>"Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China,"</em> submitted to <em>Ecology and Evolution</em>. The data were collected from infrared camera traps deployed in the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China, between 2019 and 2022. The dataset includes species detection records, timestamps, and information relevant to assessing the effects of human disturbance on wildlife activity patterns.</p> <p>The accompanying R scripts facilitate data processing, statistical analyses, and figure generation, enabling reproduction of the key results. This dataset may be useful for researchers interested in spatiotemporal wildlife monitoring, human-wildlife interactions, and disturbance ecology.</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li>raw data (Excel format, <code>.xlsx</code>)</li> <li>R scripts for data analysis and figure generation of <strong>Figures 3-5</strong> (from the raw data file "raw data.xlsx") (Text format, .doc).</li> <li> <p><strong>Figure 1</strong>: Created using <span>ArcMap 10.8 software</span> and Photoshop software. <span>ArcMap 10.8 software </span>was used for processing spatial data and map creation, while Photoshop was used for post-processing and image enhancement.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Figure 2 and Appendix Figure. A1</strong>: Designed and modified using Photoshop software.</p> </li> </ul>
Spatial variation in human disturbances and their effects on forest structure and biodiversity across an Afromontane forest
<p><strong>Context</strong></p> <p>Human disturbances can have large impacts on forest structure and biodiversity, and thereby result in forest degradation, a property difficult to detect by remote sensing.</p> <p><strong>Objectives </strong></p> <p>To investigate spatial variation in anthropogenicdisturbances and their effects on forest structure and biodiversity.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>In 144 plots of 20 x 20 m distributed across a forest area of 750 km2 in Southwest Ethiopia, we recorded: landscape variables (e.g., distance to forest edge), different human disturbances, forest structure variables, and species composition of trees and epiphyllous bryophytes. We then first assessed if landscape variables could explain the spatial distribution of disturbances. Second, we analysed how forest structure and biodiversity were influenced by disturbances.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong></p> <p>Human disturbances, such as coffee management and grazing declined with distance to forest edges and penetrated at least a kilometer into the forest. The slope was not related to disturbance levels, but several types of disturbances were less common at higher elevations. Among human disturbance types, coffee management reduced liana cover and was associated with altered species composition of trees. The presence of large trees and basal areas was not related to any of the disturbance gradients.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions </strong></p> <p>Although most anthropogenic disturbances displayed clear edge effects, surprisingly the variation in the chosen forest degradation indices was only weakly related to these disturbances. We suggest that the intersection between edge effects and forest degradation is very context-specific and relies much on how particular societies use the forests. For example, in this landscape coffee management seems to be a key driver.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.