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25 results for “human-wildlife conflict”
Figure 9 in Human-wildlife conflict as a barrier to large carnivore management and conservation in Turkey
Figure 9. Responses by occupation for the question "Does the wild animal you see harm you?" as part of a human opinion survey conducted in 2010 and 2014 in villages surrounding the Sarıkamış-Allahuekber Mountains National Park in eastern Turkey. Results are pooled across years.
Figure 12 in Human-wildlife conflict as a barrier to large carnivore management and conservation in Turkey
Figure 12. Previous knowledge of wildlife ecotourism and desire to participate in future opportunities of survey respondents to a human opinion survey conducted in 2010 and 2014 in villages surrounding the Sarıkamış-Allahuekber Mountains National Park in eastern Turkey. Results are pooled across the two survey years.
Figure 6 in Human-wildlife conflict as a barrier to large carnivore management and conservation in Turkey
Figure 6. Responses by survey year for the question "Does the wild animal you see harm you?" as part of a human opinion survey conducted in 2006, 2010, and 2014 in villages surrounding the Sarıkamış-Allahuekber Mountains National Park in eastern Turkey.
Figure 7 in Human-wildlife conflict as a barrier to large carnivore management and conservation in Turkey
Figure 7. Property damage from wildlife experienced by survey respondents to a human opinion survey conducted in 2006, 2010, and 2014 in villages surrounding the Sarıkamış-Allahuekber Mountains National Park in eastern Turkey. Results are pooled across years.
Data from: Modelling harvest of Greenland barnacle geese and its implications in mitigating human-wildlife conflict
<p>Arctic-breeding goose populations have increased in recent decades and their expansion into agricultural areas has caused increasing conflict with farmers due to the damage they cause. Lethal control and scaring are common management strategies of conflict mitigation. Management typically focuses on local/national scales, making addressing the impact of localised control on the wider population challenging, particularly when populations move over large areas and cross international borders.</p> <p>We construct an integrated population model (IPM) to assess the cumulative impact of all shooting harvest (hunting and derogation shooting) on the Greenland barnacle goose, <em>Branta leucopsis</em>. We use data from monitoring schemes throughout the migratory flyway and use population projections to evaluate the impact of potential future shooting strategies on abundance.</p> <p>Our model suggests flyway abundance has declined since its 2012 peak, consistent with an increase in harvest rate and low productivity. Harvest rate increase was most pronounced on Islay (rising from 2% to 7% from 2011 to 2017), suggesting this was a probable cause of flyway abundance decline. </p> <p>Islay abundance has declined since derogation shooting began in 2000, whilst abundance at other wintering sites has increased. This may indicate that declines in Islay abundance may be due to both shooting mortality and emigration from Islay.</p> <p>Should future flyway-level harvest rates increase, further declines in abundance could be expected, and are likely to be more pronounced if harvests are extended to the entire winter range. Conversely, should harvest rates decline, an increase in abundance is predicted. Projections can therefore be used to allocate flyway-level harvest rates to alleviate local pressure without hindering flyway-level management objectives.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications. Our findings demonstrate the impact of local harvests on global abundance, emphasising the importance of internationally coordinated monitoring and management strategies of migratory species. IPMs provide a framework for adaptation to incorporate additional data when they become available and enable comparisons of future harvest scenarios to inform management strategies throughout the flyway. </p>
Data and codes from: Individuality matters in human-wildlife conflicts: patterns and fraction of damage-making brown bears in the North-eastern Carpathians
<p><span>Effective, evidence-based management is required to ensure long-term coexistence between people and wildlife in an increasingly humanised world. Although behavioural individuality is recognised as a key factor affecting evolutionary and ecological processes, it has rarely been explicitly assessed in relation to human-wildlife conflicts. The </span><span>'</span><span>problem individuals</span><span>'</span><span> paradigm states that some conspecifics within a given population have a disproportionately large contribution to conflicts. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have so far systematically tested this assumption in large carnivores.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we investigated the variation in conflict behaviour among brown bears Ursus arctos within the population inhabiting the Polish Eastern Carpathians. We inspected all sites notified as damaged by bears in 2014-2017 to determine the number and sex of the individuals involved. We conducted systematic non-invasive genetic sampling to estimate the size of the local population by spatially explicit capture-recapture models. We assessed the fraction and sex ratio of damage-making bears in relation to the population, as well as the behavioural patterns by </span><span>classifying and differentiating between </span><span>occasional and repetitive damage-makers.</span></p> <p><span>Approximately one-third of the estimated 72 </span><span>(95% </span><span>CI </span><span>45.2–115.5) </span><span>brown bears inhabiting the Polish Eastern Carpathians were responsible for damage occurrence in the region. The majority of damage-makers were female (65% vs. 35% of male), which reflected the sex ratio of the local population (0.57). Thirty-three percent of the damage-making bears (i.e. 9 individuals) were classified as </span><span>'</span><span>problem individuals</span><span>'</span><span>, </span><span>exhibiting repetitive conflict behaviour.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications. </span><span>This study provides evidence of intraspecific differences in conflict behaviour in a large carnivore species, the brown bear, and indicates that damage-making behaviour is not exhibited with the same frequency by all individuals within a population. Managers and policy-makers should be aware that </span><span>targeting individuals involved in conflicts without reference to the whole population may lead to misleading conclusions or an incomplete picture of the mechanisms underlying the conflicts, and thus, to mismanagement. Unravelling the behavioural patterns of individual engagement in damage through large-scale and </span><span>population-wide studies is needed to accurately assess the magnitude of damage and enhance human-wildlife coexistence in areas experiencing conflicts.</span></p>
Efficacy of an inflatable deterrent for reducing new world vulture human-wildlife conflict
<p>An excel data spreadsheet used to determine the efficacy of inflatable scarecrows in deterring new world vultures from human-wildlife conflict sites, an excel data spreadsheet that includes variable descriptions. An second excel data spreadsheet that was used to determine if there was vulture selection of specific vehicle types and color and an excel data spreadsheet that includes variable descriptions.</p>
Data from: Modelling harvest of Greenland barnacle geese and its implications in mitigating human-wildlife conflict
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Data and codes from: Individuality matters in human-wildlife conflicts: patterns and fraction of damage-making brown bears in the North-eastern Carpathians
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Livestock guardian dogs establish a landscape of fear for wild predators: implications for the role of guardian dogs in reducing human-wildlife conflict and supporting biodiversity conservation
<ol> <li>Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are increasingly used to protect livestock from predators, but their effects on the distribution and behaviour of wild predators are mostly unknown. A key question is whether LGDs exclude predators from grazing land, or if predators continue to use areas with LGDs but modify their behaviour in ways that reduce impacts on livestock.</li> <li>We studied effects of LGDs (Maremma sheepdogs) on distribution and behaviour of red foxes Vulpes vulpes in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. We mapped the activity of LGDs across the study areas using GPS tracking and measured fox activity using remote cameras. We also measured risk-sensitive foraging in foxes to test if they reduced feeding time at sites regularly used by LGDs.</li> <li>Foxes occurred throughout areas occupied by LGDs, but their probability of detection was negatively related to probability of LGD presence. Foxes extracted fewer food items from experimental food stations in proportion to the intensity of local activity of LGDs. This indicates that though foxes overlapped with LGDs, they responded to risk of encountering LGDs by allocating less time to foraging. </li> <li>While LGDs do not necessarily exclude wild predators from areas used for livestock production, they can have strong effects on predator behaviour. Reduction in time allocated to foraging in areas regularly used by LGDs could lead to suppression of hunting behaviour and therefore a reduction in attacks on livestock. The flexible response of predators to LGDs should facilitate coexistence of wild predators with livestock farming, by allowing predators to continue to use areas occupied by livestock while still preventing attacks on those livestock. Our results therefore strengthen the case for use of LGDs in the conservation of predators threatened by conflict with farming. Suppression of hunting behaviour should also mean that prey species experience reduced rates of predation on farmland with LGDs. This effect could be valuable for conservation of threatened species of prey.</li> </ol>
Reducing risky interactions: Identifying barriers to the successful management of human-wildlife conflict in an urban parkland
<p>Managing activities that result in human-wildlife conflict is a challenging goal for modern scientists and managers. In recent years, the self-motivated feeding of wildlife by humans has garnered popularity but with consequent risks for the health and safety of both parties. This has resulted in calls for management in areas of high contact, e.g., parklands. Traditional controls are typically utilised (i.e., signage, patrols), yet their success is varied, leading to a rise in research aiming to improve them. This research has primarily focused on language and design, with little attention paid to the role that audience type (i.e., international tourists versus locals/residents) may play in their success. Proportions in audience type present can vary both between parks and spatially within a single park, however, controls are usually applied homogeneously with no consideration for how response may vary between these groups.</p> <p>Here, we performed a robust before-after study across two summers using a wild fallow deer population in a public park that are commonly fed by visitors as our model. We deployed controls, following best practices as outlined by the literature, and tested their overall effectiveness. We then identified key areas with differences in visitor type proportions and tested for variation in success between them.</p> <p>We found that the number of visitors feeding the deer significantly decreased overall after the introduction of controls, although interactions were not eliminated entirely. We discovered that the effectiveness of these controls varied with changes in visitor type, with the most positive effects occurring in areas with more international tourists and no significant effect occurring in areas dominated by resident visitors. Notably, of the food offerings remaining, the proportion of foods that could be perceived as 'nutritionally beneficial' increased in both sites, marking overall changes in the behaviours of even those visitors who refused to stop feeding.</p> <p>These findings highlight the importance of target audience research in human-wildlife conflict management. We recommend that authorities aiming to reduce these interactions perform systematic surveys to identify the audience type present and cater controls accordingly to maximise their success.</p>
Integrating socio-ecological suitability with human-wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate
<p>1. Translocations are essential for reestablishing wildlife populations. As they sometimes fail, it is critical to assess factors that influence their success pre-translocation.</p> <p>2. Socio-ecological suitability models (SESMs) integrate social acceptance and ecological suitability to enable identification of areas where wildlife populations will expand, which makes it likely that SESMs will also be useful for predicting translocation success.</p> <p>3. To inform site-selection for potential elk (Cervus canadensis) reintroduction to northeastern Minnesota, USA, we developed broad-scale maps of social acceptance from surveys of local residents and landowners, animal use equivalence (AUE) from forage measured in the field, and empirical conflict risk from geospatial data. Resulting SESMs integrated social acceptance favorability scores, AUE, and conflict risk, and weighted SESMs showed the relative influences of acceptance and conflict.</p> <p>4. Social acceptance was positive for local residents and landowners (mean ≥ 5.4; scale of 1 to 7). AUE (scaled to an elk home range) ranged between 1 and 9 elk/16 km2 during winter, and from 14 to 83 elk/16 km2 during summer. Human-elk conflict risk was low (mean ≤ 0.10; scaled 0 to 1), increasing from north to south. Geographical distributions differed for social acceptance, AUE, and conflict risk, and weighted SESMs revealed unsuitable areas that were otherwise obscured.</p> <p>5. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Integrating human-wildlife conflict risk into SESMs shows where social acceptance of translocated species is likely to erode, even where viewed favorably pre-translocation, to inform translocation planning by highlighting interactions between key factors. Such integrated models supplement existing reintroduction biology frameworks by supporting decision-making and knowledge development. In northeastern Minnesota, natural resource managers who are considering elk reintroductions are using SESMs reported here to identify where human-elk conflict is likely to result in an isolated elk population and where addressing concerns for area residents about conflict risk is essential.</p>
Post-translocation dynamics of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus): A successful conservation and human-wildlife conflict mitigation tool
<p>Prairie dogs have declined by 98% throughout their range in the grasslands of North America. Translocations have been used as a conservation tool to reestablish colonies of this keystone species and to mitigate human-wildlife conflict. Understanding the behavioral responses of prairie dogs to translocation is of utmost importance to enhance the persistence of the species and for species that depend on them, including the critically endangered black-footed ferret. In 2017 and 2018, we translocated 658 black-tailed prairie dogs on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation in central South Dakota, USA, a black-footed ferret recovery site. Here, we describe and evaluate the effectiveness of translocating prairie dogs into augered burrows and soft released within presumed coteries to reestablish colonies in previously occupied habitat. We released prairie dogs implanted with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) and conducted recapture events approximately 1-month and 1-year post-release. We hypothesized that these methods would result in a successful translocation and that prairie dogs released as coteries would remain close to where they were released because of their highly social structure. In support of these methods leading to a successful translocation, 69% of marked individuals were captured 1-month post-release, and 39% were captured 1-year post-release. Furthermore, considerable recruitment was observed with 495 unmarked juveniles captured during the 1-year post-release trapping event, and the reestablished colony had more than doubled in area by 2021. Contrary to our hypothesis, yet to our knowledge a novel finding, there was greater initial movement within the colony 1-month post-release than expected based on recapture locations compared to published average territory size; however, 1-year after release most recaptured individuals were captured within the expected territory size when compared to capture locations 1-month post-release. This research demonstrates that while translocating prairie dogs may be socially disruptive initially, it is an important conservation tool.</p>
Residents perspectives on human-wildlife conflict management to build community resilience in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
<ol> <li>Human-wildlife conflict can significantly impact economic, social, and ecological systems critical to promoting sustainable development. Effectively managing conflicts between people and wildlife that share a common landscape requires the implementation of effective management strategies that aim to reduce the impacts of HWC and promote coexistence as preferred by the community. However, many studies have often overlooked social aspects, especially the residents' perceptions of HWC management, that can help build community resilience.</li> <li>Residents and wildlife share a common landscape in the Chitwan National Park in Nepal. Competition for resources grows as the human-modified landscape provides a new form of habitat for wildlife. We used Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to capture the residents' (n=506) perspectives on the importance of HWC management strategies and their performance by park management to prioritize strategies that could help build community resilience.</li> <li>We found notable mean performance-importance gaps for the eight HWC management strategies, representing the park management's inability to meet the desired need of farmers and non-farmers. The IPA matrix grid shows the three strategies - skill, livelihood, and compensation - that need immediate attention from park management as they fall under high-priority strategies in quadrant II. The two-way ANOVA results revealed that the residents' perspectives on importance and performance in all management sectors differ.</li> <li>We conclusively recommend developing site-and context-specific HWC management plans that consider the affected community's livelihood needs, which are essential for increasing the operational effectiveness of HWC management. Park management should prioritize strategies in sectors more vulnerable to HWCs to secure community support for long-term conservation goals.</li> <li>This study will be a key reference for identifying context-specific management strategies that incorporate community resilience in the management of human-wildlife conflict. This could inform HWC management policy and conservation planning to achieve coexistence that benefits both people and wildlife, particularly in low-income countries with similar socio-ecological settings. Overall, our findings provide a new perspective on human-wildlife conflict management that policymakers, researchers, and protected area managers around the world can use to build community resilience to facilitate coexistence.</li> </ol>
Human-wildlife conflict is amplified during periods of drought
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Integrating socio-ecological suitability with human-wildlife conflict risk: Case study for translocation of a large ungulate
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Post-translocation dynamics of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus): A successful conservation and human-wildlife conflict mitigation tool
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Sex-specific foraging of an apex predator puts females at risk of human-wildlife conflict
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Residents perspectives on human-wildlife conflict management to build community resilience in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
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Data from: Effects of human-wildlife conflicts on local people’s livelihoods and wildlife conservation in and around Alitash National Park, Northwest Ethiopia
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