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11 results for “hurdiid”
Figure 9 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 9. Boxplot of H-element sagittal lengths and widths (measured between the tips of the posterolateral processes) for Cambrian hurdiids. The numbers below boxes indicate number of sampled specimens. Silhouettes scaled to equal maximum relative size.
Figure 8 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 8. Evolution of radiodont H-element shape and feeding ecology. (a) Radiodont clade cut from a parsimony strict consensus tree optimized under implied weights (k = 3) with discrete characters describing carapace shape (D tree), colours (unrelated to those in figure 7) represent inferred feeding ecologies with parsimony ancestral states mapped over branches (red, macrophagous raptorial predator; green, suspension feeder; light blue, macrophagous sediment sifter; dark blue, microphagous sediment sifter; black, unknown; purple dot, root), numbers at nodes are symmetric resampling supports; (b) PCA phylomorphospace based on the same topology (excluding taxa for which shape is incompletely known), plotting RFTRA-aligned mean H-element shape for each species, with ancestral states estimated in TNT by optimizing the landmark configurations on a constrained topology, colours as in (a). (See electronic supplementary material for complete tree topology and results using alternative methods).
Figure 7 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 7. PCA of radiodont H-element shape based on landmark analysis. (a) Axes 1–2; (b) axes 2–3. Different species and morphs colour coded, deformation grids representing average shapes at the extrema of respective dashed axes, bar plot at the bottom left showing the per cent of variation explained by each axis.
Figure 6 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 6. Comparative morphology of Pahvantia hastata. (a–c), P. hastata KUMIP 314089; (a), the part showing distal ends of broken endites to the left of the gill blades; (b) part and counterpart superposed to show the nearly complete appendage partly overlying the gill blades, lower inset showing complete counterpart with carapace elements, upper inset showing a close-up of partial appendage and gills on counterpart; (c) counterpart superposed on line drawing of part; (d) appendage of Hurdia for comparison, ROMIP 59259; (e–h), disarticulated Hurdia assemblages, showing groups of connected gill blades associated with other body parts; (e,f), ROMIP 60031; (g,h), ROMIP 60041. Scale bars: (a–c) = 2 mm; (b); upper inset, 5 mm; lower inset, 10 mm; (d–h) = 10 mm. Ds, dorsal spine; Ot, Ottoia prolifica; PEn, peduncular endite, other abbreviations see figures 1 and 3. (a–c) Images courtesy Rudy Lerosey-Aubril.
Figure 3 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 3. Assemblage of Titanokorys gainesi gen. et sp. nov., holotype ROMIP 65415. (a) Overview of slab, with boxed regions indicating close-ups in other panels, note associated agnostids (Peronopsis cf. columbiensis) possibly feeding on the remains or encrusting biofilms [27]; (b,c) original obliquely preserved H-element, with arrows showing the direction of deformation and dashes indicating sagittal axis of symmetry (b) and hypothetical undeformed version (c) using distort mode in Adobe Photoshop version 21.2.2 (based on the length-width proportions of ROMIP 65168). (d) Close-up of P-element spine; (e) closeup of P-element showing ridges; (f) close-up of bands of gill lamellae; (g,h) appendages and oral cone photographed using different low-angle light orientations to emphasize different details; (i,j) overall view (i) and close-up (j) of the frontal appendage of Cambroraster falcatus, ROMIP 65084, showing comparatively shorter spiniform distal endites and shorter secondary spines on more proximal endites. (k) Line drawing of appendages and oral cone of T. gainesi (from g,h); (l–n) close-ups of frontal appendages using different low-angle light orientations (l, close-up of g; m, close-up of h). Bu; burrow; Gb, gill blade; Ig, individual gill filament; In, Indeterminate; Oc, oral cone; Pc, Peronopsis cf. columbiensis; Pd, peduncle (podomere 1); Pe, P-element; PoX, podomere no. X; Ps, P-element spine; other abbreviations see figures 1 and 2. Scale bars: (a–c) = 50 mm; (e,g–i,k–n) = 10 mm; (d,f,j) = 5 mm.
Figure 5 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 5. Reconstruction of Titanokorys gainesi gen. et sp. nov. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) lateral view; (d) frontal view— white line represents the upper margin of the P-elements below the H-element. Reconstruction by Lars Fields (see electronic supplementary material, video file 1).
Figure 4. H in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 4. H-elements of Titanokorys gainesi gen. et sp. nov. showing ornamentation. (a,b) Paratype ROMIP 65749; (a) overview, note associated ptychopariid trilobites; (b) close-up of boxed region from (a); (c,d) paratype ROMIP 65748; (c) overview photographed under low-angle light; (d) close-up of boxed region in (c) showing tuberculate margin. For abbreviations, figure 1. Scale bars = 10 mm.
Figure 2 in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 2. Assemblage of Titanokorys gainesi gen. et sp. nov., paratype ROMIP 65741. (a) Overview of slab, showing close association of H-element and partial appendage with an assemblage of Cambroraster falcatus consisting of an H-element and pair of appendages; (b) detail of T. gainesi; (c) close-up of endites from frontal appendage; (d) close-up of endites from frontal appendage of C. falcatus; (e) close-up of anterior margin of H-element, showing ornamentation. Ap, anterolateral processes; EnX, endite no. X; He, H-element; He-C, H-element of C. falcatus; Fa, frontal appendage; Fa-C, frontal appendage of C. falcatus; Ri, ridges associated with a reticulated pattern; Sa, sagittal spine; Se, secondary spines on endites; Sp, spiniform distal endites; Ts, Terminal spine; Tu, tubercles. Scale bars, (a,b) = 20 mm; (c–e) = 5 mm.
Figure 1. H in A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity
Figure 1. H-element of Titanokorys gainesi gen. et sp. nov., paratype ROMIP 65168. (a) Part; (b) counterpart; (c) close-up of ornamentation, photographed under low-angle light; (d), (e) close-ups of posterolateral margins. Ap, anterolateral processes; Bp bilobate axial posterior region; He, H-element; Lp, posterolateral processes; Mn, medial notch; On, ocular notch; Ri, ridges associated with a reticulated pattern; Sa, sagittal spine; Sl1,2, terminal (Sl1) and medial (Sl2) spines of posterolateral processes; Tu, tubercles; Vm, the ventrolateral margin of H-element. Scale bars: (a,b) = 20 mm; (c,d) = 5 mm.
Data from: Hurdiid radiodontans from the middle Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah
Radiodontan body elements, some belonging to Peytoia and Hurdia and some unassigned, have been reported from the Langston Formation (Spence Shale Member), Wheeler Formation, and Marjum Formation of the middle Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah. These identifications are reassessed in light of recent work on the morphology of the radiodontan Hurdia. New specimens of Hurdia are identified from the Spence Shale, representing mouthparts (oral cones), cephalic carapace H-elements, frontal appendages, and a single isolated swimming flap. The shape of the H-elements allows H. victoria Walcott, 1912 to be identified from the Spence Shale for the first time. The flap is larger and more complete than any reported from the Burgess Shale and allows for a better understanding of the morphology of Hurdia swimming flaps. A 3D model of a Hurdia frontal appendage indicates that there is only one morph of Hurdia frontal appendage found in both species, and apparent morphological differences between disarticulated appendages reflect a preservational continuum caused by varying oblique angles relative to the seafloor. Peytoia should no longer be reported from the Spence Shale, but its presence is confirmed in the Wheeler and Marjum formations. New mouthparts (oral cones) of Hurdia from the Spence Shale and Peytoia from the Marjum Formation with surface textures of submillimeter-diameter raised nodes are described. These new features have not been observed in material from the Burgess Shale and suggest slight differences in preservation.
Data from: Hurdiid radiodontans from the middle Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah
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