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15 results for “hydrological droughts”
Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation
Drought-induced tree mortality is expected to increase globally due to climate change, with profound implications for forest composition, function and global climate feedbacks. How drought is experienced by different species is thought to depend fundamentally on where they access water vertically below ground, but this remains untracked so far due to the difficulty of measuring water availability at depths at which plants access water (few to several tens of meters), the broad temporal scales at which droughts at those depths unfold (seasonal to decadal), and the difficulty in linking these patterns to forest-wide species-specific demographic responses. We address this problem through a new eco-hydrological framework: we used a hydrological model to estimate belowground water availability by depth over a period of two decades that included a multi-year drought. Given this water availability scenario and 20yr long-records of species-specific growth patterns, we inversely estimated the relative depths at which 12 common species in the forest accessed water via a model of water-stress. Finally, we tested whether our estimates of species relative uptake depths predicted mortality in multi-year drought. The hydrological model revealed clear belowground niches as precipitation was decoupled from water availability by depth at multi-annual scale. Species partitioned the hydrological niche by diverging in their uptake depths and so in the same forest stand, different species experienced very different drought patterns, resulting in clear differences in species-specific growth. Finally, species relative water uptake depths predicted species mortality patterns after the multi-year drought. Species that our method ranked as relying on deeper water were the ones that had suffered from greater mortality, as the zone from which they access water took longer to recharge after depletion. This research changes our understanding of how hydrological niches operate for trees with a trade-off between realized growth potential and survival under drought with decadal scale return time. The eco-hydrological framework highlights the importance of species-specific below ground strategies in predicting forest response to drought. Applying this framework more broadly may help us better understand species-coexistence in diverse forest communities and improve mechanistic predictions of forests productivity and compositional change under future climate.
Localizing Hydrological Drought Early Warning using In-Situ Groundwater Sensors - Veness et al. (2022) - Dataset
<p>This upload contains full input data and modelling scripts to support AGU WRR's 'Localizing Hydrological Drought Early Warning using In-situ Groundwater Sensors' (Veness et al., 2022).</p> <p>'WRR_Data_Extraction' contains input data and processing of these for model input.</p> <p>'WRR_Modelling_Methods' contains two folders. 'Groundwater Model & Calibration' provides the code for the modified AquiMod, formatted for input in to an automated calibration procedure (run time approx. 5 minutes with 10,000 runs). The 'Plotting Files' folder contains the code converting the groundwater levels from the automated calibration procedure to plots seen in the paper.</p> <p>These scripts require use of the data and functions within the 'data_and_functions' folder, which may require careful directory management and minor edits to the code to ensure the scripts can communicate.</p>
Pilot 1 Model-based decision support for testing drought-related adaptation strategies in the Aa of Weerijs river basin, the Netherlands: Hydrological model description, input data sources and model results
<p>This dataset contains: the report with the description of the model structure, the input data sources and the spatial locations within the catchment for which surface and groundwater results data are provided.</p>
IMPREX - TUC - Local scale seasonal hydrological and drought indices forecasts
<p>The compressed files are seasonal forecasts of discharge based on ECMWF System4 (1981-2003) and GLOSEA5 (1996-2003) for the Koutsoulidis catchment, Crete, Greece. The location of the Koutsoulidis catchment as well as the methodology of data development and validation are described in the open access publication by Grillakis et al., 2018 (<a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1593">https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/11/1593</a>). Seasonal forecasts of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) based on ECMWF System4 (1981-2009) and GLOSEA5 (1996-2009) for the Messara catchment are also included. A description of the study site and methodology is included in the poster attached in the compressed file (EGU201712072-Koutroulis).</p>
Hydrological drought connectedness - Dataset
<p>The dataset contains the input and output information necessary to reproduce and interpret the results from the study <em>"Spatially Compounding Drought Events in Brazil", </em> published in the Water Resources Research Journal - Gesualdo et al., (2024a). </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Input Data for Hydrological Drought Extraction Code (Gesualdo et al, 2024b)</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>database_mm</strong>: This contains a CSV file for each catchment with streamflow information in mm per day.</li> <li><strong>CABra_attributes.csv:</strong> This file includes the main catchment attribute classes.</li> </ul> <p>The input data was obtained from the Catchments Attributes for Brazil (CABra) dataset (Almagro et al., 2023). For more details, please visit: CABra dataset on Zenodo. The output of this function is <em>Q15_30MW</em> folder, which contains drought identification information for each catchment in a separate CSV file.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Input Data for Hydrological Drought Connectedness Code (Gesualdo et al, 2024b)</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>All_info.csv: </strong>This is a compiled file containing information on all drought events analyzed in the study.</li> </ul> <p>The output data includes:</p> <ul> <li> <ul> <li><strong>connectivity_ids_data.csv:</strong> This file contains the dates when two catchments experienced a common drought event.</li> <li><strong>connectivity_ids.csv: </strong>This file contains the number of connected drought events between catchments.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p><strong>Input Data to reproduce the figures</strong></p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Figure</strong></td> <td><strong>Inputs</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Heatmap of Spearman's correlation</td> <td>All_attributes_drought.csv</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Spatial distribution of drought characteristics</td> <td> <div> <div>All_attributes_drought.csv; SNIRH_RegioesHidrograficas_2020.shp</div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Drought co-occurrence network </td> <td>Connectivity_degree.csv; Connectivity_ids.csv; All_attributes_drought.csv; SNIRH_RegioesHidrograficas_2020.shp</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Drought similarity clusters</td> <td>Cluster_HydrologicalDrought.csv; SNIRH_RegioesHidrograficas_2020.shp</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Catchment attribute variability</td> <td>Cluster_HydrologicalDrought; All_attributes_drought.csv</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong><br>Almagro, A., Oliveira, P. T. S., Meira Neto, A. A., Roy, T., & Troch, P. (2023). CABra: a novel large-sample dataset for Brazilian catchments (Version 5) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7612350</p> <p>Gesualdo, G. C., Benso, M. R., Mendiondo, E. M., & Brunner, M. I. (2024a). Spatially compounding drought events in Brazil. <em>Water Resources Research</em>, 60, e2023WR036629. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036629">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036629</a><br><br>Gesualdo, G., Benso, M. R., Kobayashi, A., & Pereira Zamboni, P. A. (2024b). gabichiquito/Hydrological-drought-connectedness: v1.0. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14036013</a></p> <p><br><em>These updates ensure clarity and ease of use, making the dataset and code accessible and reproducible for all users.</em></p>
Data from: Interplay between rainfall and hillslope hydrology determines drought resistance of tropical vegetation
<p><span>Droughts are predicted to increase in both frequency and intensity by the end of the 21st century, but ecosystem response is not expected to be uniform. At the landscape scale, ecosystem response to drought is highly heterogeneous. Here we assess the importance of the hill-to-valley hydrologic gradient in shaping vegetation hydraulic properties related to drought resistance for three locations across a rainfall seasonality gradient in South America. For this, we use hydraulic traits related to xylem resistance to embolism and compare the functional composition and diversity of tree communities. We show that the hydrologic gradient systematically selects for community assemblages that are more vulnerable to embolism in valleys, regardless of rainfall. Under the same rainfall regime, diversity in resistance to embolism is higher on hills than valleys, suggesting that strategies to cope with drought are more important on hills. With increasing seasonality, diversity in embolism resistance increases on hills and decreases in valleys. Our results show that differential groundwater access from hilltops to valleys select for distinctive hydraulic properties, potentially explaining species turnover along topographical gradients. Incorporating this relationship might improve the representation of vegetation in climate models and the prediction of how different communities will respond to extreme droughts.</span></p>
Data from: Interplay between rainfall and hillslope hydrology determines drought resistance of tropical vegetation
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Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation
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Data from: Hydrological niche segregation defines forest structure and drought tolerance strategies in a seasonal Amazon forest
1) Understanding if and how trees coordinate rooting depth and aboveground hydraulic traits to define drought-resistance strategies in seasonal Amazon forests is a major gap to model parametrization aimed at predicting the effects of climate change in these ecosystems. 2) We assessed the rooting depth of 12 dominant tree species (representing ~ 42% of the forest basal area) in a seasonal Amazon forest, using the stable isotope ratios (δ18O and δ²H) of water collected from tree xylem and soils from a range of depths. We took advantage of a major ENSO-related drought in 2015/2016 that caused substantial evaporative isotope enrichment on soil. We measured the minimum dry-season leaf water potential both in a normal year (2014; Ψnon-ENSO) and in an extreme drought year (2015; ΨENSO). Furthermore, we measured xylem hydraulic traits that indicate the range of water potentials that trees tolerate without risking hydraulic failure (P50 and P88). 3) We demonstrate that coexisting trees are largely segregated along a single hydrological niche axis defined by root depth differences, access to light, and tolerance of low water potential. These differences in rooting depth were strongly related to tree size; diameter at breast height (DBH) explained 72% of the variation in the δ18Oxylem. Additionally, δ18Oxylem explained 49% of the variation in P50 and 70% of P88, with higher tolerance of low water potential in shallow-rooted species, while δ18O of xylem water explained 47% and 77% of the variation of minimum Ψnon-ENSO and ΨENSO. 4) We propose a new formulation to estimate an effective functional rooting depth, i.e., the likely soil depth from which roots can sustain water uptake for physiological functions, using DBH as predictor of root depth at this site. Based on these estimates, we conclude that a number of families, genera and species are restricted to drawing water from shallow to deep soil in a large area of the Tapajós forest. 5) Our results support the theory of hydrological niche segregation and its underlying trade-off related to drought resistance, which also affect the dominance structure of trees in this seasonal eastern Amazon forest.
Data and code for Divergent human signature on hydrological drought across the conterminous United States
<p><span>Data related to human activities (dam density, cropland, irrigated area, imperveness, population density, forest and water use) used for the identification of attribution of anthropogenic drivers of hydrological drought in this study publicly available in the Water Resources Mission Area - Headquarters from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).</span></p>
Data for: Enhanced Hydrologic Connectivity and Solute Dynamics Following Wildfire and Drought in a Contaminated Temperate Peatland Catchment
<p>Data underlying the publication: "Enhanced Hydrologic Connectivity and Solute Dynamics Following Wildfire and Drought in a Contaminated Temperate Peatland Catchment".</p>
Supporting data for: A 250-year European drought inventory derived from ensemble hydrologic modelling
<p>Supporting data for visualization of 250-year (1766-2015) inventory of European meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts derived from ensemble simulations of the mesoscale Hydrological Model (mHM)</p>
Regional-scale hydrologic settings buffer black spruce regeneration in the presence of post-fire droughts dataset
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Data from: Hydrological niche segregation defines forest structure and drought tolerance strategies in a seasonal Amazon forest
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Divergent human signature on hydrological drought across the conterminous United States
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