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31 results for “hydrological impact”
Urban Residential Surface and Subsurface Hydrology: Synergistic Effects of Low-Impact Features at the Parcel Scale
Accurately predicting the hydrologic effects of urbanization requires an understanding of how hydrologic processes are affected by low‐impact development practices. In this study, we explored how growing season surface runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration on a residential parcel are affected by several low‐impact interventions, including three "impervious‐centric" interventions (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious‐centric" interventions (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations. Results were compared to both a highly and moderately compacted baseline parcel under an average and a dry weather scenario for a temperate climate. We find that under reasonable assumptions for highly compacted soil, pervious areas are a major source of runoff and disconnecting impervious surfaces may be relatively less effective without improving soil conditions. Under both highly and moderately compacted soil conditions, combining efforts to decompact soil with impervious disconnection has a synergistic effect on reducing surface runoff and increasing deep drainage and evapotranspiration. All combinations of interventions enhance infiltration, but the partitioning of additional root zone water between deep drainage and evapotranspiration depends on the weather scenario. Importantly, when all low‐impact interventions are applied together, growing season deep drainage is higher than that from a vacant lot with no impervious surfaces. We infer that ecohydrologic interfaces between impervious and pervious areas are strong controls on urban hydrologic fluxes and that high‐resolution, process‐based models can be used to account for these interfaces and thereby improve predictions of the hydrologic effects of low‐impact interventions.
Graph Data: Hydrological impact of widespread afforestation in Great Britain using a large ensemble of modelled scenarios
<p>Data used for creating the figures in the paper: Hydrological impact of widespread afforestation in Great Britain using a large ensemble of modelled scenarios.</p> <p>It contains the flow exceedances (as mm day<sup>-1</sup>), flow duration slope, median elasticity and runoff ratio for the different afforestation scenarios. Also included is the information on the changes of broadleaf afforestation. </p> <p>If you have any questions, please email marcus.buechel@ouce.ox.ac.uk.</p>
Global dataset for evaluating impact of topographic factors on hydrologic response to climate variability
<p>The dataset contained here was used to document the biomes in the world that show high sensitivity in their hydrologic response to interannual changes in climatic forcing during the 2001-2016 period, while evaluating the role of major topoclimatic factors in modulating these responses. To do this we generated a hydrologic sensitivity index (HSi). HSi evaluates the absolute ratio between the changes of the climatic conditions (dryness index, DI) and hydrologic response (evaporative index, EI<sub>R</sub>) between consecutive years (e.g. HSi= |∆ EI<sub>R</sub> /∆ DI|). HSi was computed for every successive pair of years from 2001 to 2016. A total of 15 HSi maps were obtained representing the HSi for each consecutive pair of years. For each map, where HSi >1, regions are classified as <strong><em>Sensitive</em></strong> and for HSi ≤1, <strong><em>Resilient</em></strong>. To provide a synthesis of the general trend of global hydrologic sensitivity, we display the frequency of HSi, showing the recurrence of HSi >1 for every non-ocean location with a range of 0 (low frequency) to 15 (high frequency). Regions where frequency HSi≥7 are considered highly recurring and as such are deemed as the most hydrologically sensitive. </p> <p><strong>This dataset includes the code and raster data to evaluate the effect of the topography on HSi to plot the average frequency HSi for all elevations, aspects, and slope steepness against latitudinal change.</strong> We used global digital elevation models (DEMS) from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data (90 m resolution; version 4, for latitudes < 60◦ N and GTOPO30 (1◦ resolution; http://lta.cr.usgs.gov/GTOPO30) for latitudes > 60◦ N. Slope and aspect maps were derived from the DEMs using standard GIS-based methods in ArcMap 10.7.Elevation range used is [0,7000] meters above sea level (m.a.s.l), aspect (N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW) specifically above slope values greater than 10-degrees (no flat areas used), and slope [0,90] degrees.</p> <p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <ul> <li>1 MATLAB with the code ready to use</li> <li>1 PDF file with the same code</li> <li>27 geotiff files for elevation (dem#1-27.tif)</li> <li>27 geotiff files for frequency HSi (freq#1-27.tif) </li> </ul> <p>Note: the following files of slope and aspect could not upload in repository due to exceedance in storage limit: 50MG. The DEM files must be run in ArcMap using slope and aspect tool to produce the following files with the following names.</p> <ul> <li>27 geotiff files for slope (slope#1-27.tif)</li> <li>27 geotiff files for aspect (aspect#1-27.tif)</li> </ul>
Dataset for the article "Development of an integrated socio-hydrological modeling framework for assessing the impacts of shelter location arrangement and human behaviors on flood evacuation processes"
<p>This dataset include the data needed to create the socio-hydrological model to simulate human evacuation processes via a transportation network before a flood hits the residential area. Source code, in JAVA, for generating households in the agent-based model are also provided. </p>
Summer 2016 hydrology and water chemistry data at Second Creek, a sulfate-impacted riparian wetland in northeast Minnesota
Hydrological and water chemistry data were collected at Second Creek, a riparian wetland study site near Aurora, MN, to understand sulfur and methane processes. Data were collected over the summer of 2016. Hydrological data were collected using temperature probes and pressure transducers installed in surface water gauges and shallow piezometers. Water chemistry was analyzed in surface water samples and porewater samples collected with “peepers” (passive diffusive samplers).
CESM2 land output data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the land output data from CESM2 which was generated in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation. The datasets cover the period 2015-2100. The files are labelled according to the experiments they were generated from (base, MF (Max Forest) and No LULCC). Output fields are as follows:</p> <p>discharge_plus_runoff: surface water availability (river discharge plus surface runoff), units m^-3 s^-1</p> <p>EFLX_LH_TOT: total latent heat flux from land to atmosphere, units W m^-2</p> <p>QFLX_EVAP_TOT: total evapotranspiration (canopy evaporation plus canopy transpiration plus soil evaporation), units kg m^-2 s^-1</p> <p>SOILLIQ: soil liquid water content, units kg m^-2</p> <p>SW_surface_albedo: surface albedo, units fraction</p> <p>TSA: 2m air temperature, units K</p> <p>VEGWP: vegetation water potential, units m</p> <p> </p> <p>All data were generated and processed by James A. King.</p>
CESM2 atmosphere output data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the atmosphere output data from CESM2 which was generated in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation, for the Max Forest scenario. The datasets cover the period 2015-2100. Output fields are as follows:</p> <p>CCN3: concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.1% supersaturation, units cm^-3</p> <p>CLDLOW: cloud fraction integrated between 1200-700 hPa, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>CONCLD: convective cloud cover, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>GCLDLWP: grid cell cloud water path, units kg m^-2</p> <p>LWCF_d1: clean longwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>OMEGA: vertical velocity, units Pa s^-1</p> <p>PRECT: total precipitation, units m s^-1</p> <p>SWCF_d1: clean shortwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>V: meridional wind, units m s^-1</p> <p> </p> <p>All data were generated and processed by James A. King.</p>
CESM2 atmosphere output data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the atmosphere output data from CESM2 which was generated in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation, for the base scenario. The datasets cover the period 2015-2100. Output fields are as follows:</p> <p>CCN3: concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.1% supersaturation, units cm^-3</p> <p>CLDLOW: cloud fraction integrated between 1200-700 hPa, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>CONCLD: convective cloud cover, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>GCLDLWP: grid cell cloud water path, units kg m^-2</p> <p>LWCF_d1: clean longwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>OMEGA: vertical velocity, units Pa s^-1</p> <p>PRECT: total precipitation, units m s^-1</p> <p>SWCF_d1: clean shortwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>V: meridional wind, units m s^-1</p> <p> </p> <p>All data were generated and processed by James A. King.</p>
CESM2 land use data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the land use/ land cover input data for CESM2 which was used in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation. The datasets cover the period 2000-2100. The files correspond to experiments described in the study as follows:</p> <p> </p> <p>Base: landuse.timeseries_0.9x1.25_SSP1-2.6_78pfts_CMIP6_simyr2000-2100_c220715.nc</p> <p>Max Forest: landuse.timeseries_0.9x1.25_hist_78pfts_SSPRFAFRS_SSP1_edit_xarray_4_simyr2000-2100_c221024.nc</p> <p>No LULCC: landuse.timeseries_0.9x1.25_hist_78pfts_SSPNOLULCC_3_simyr2000-2100_c221025.nc</p> <p> </p> <p>Files were created in collaboration by James A. King, James Weber, Peter Lawrence, and Stephanie Roe.</p> <p> </p>
CESM2 atmosphere output data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the atmosphere output data from CESM2 which was generated in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation, for the No LULCC scenario. The datasets cover the period 2015-2100. Output fields are as follows:</p> <p>CCN3: concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.1% supersaturation, units cm^-3</p> <p>CLDLOW: cloud fraction integrated between 1200-700 hPa, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>CONCLD: convective cloud cover, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>GCLDLWP: grid cell cloud water path, units kg m^-2</p> <p>LWCF_d1: clean longwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>OMEGA: vertical velocity, units Pa s^-1</p> <p>PRECT: total precipitation, units m s^-1</p> <p>SWCF_d1: clean shortwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>V: meridional wind, units m s^-1</p> <p> </p> <p>All data were generated and processed by James A. King.</p>
Interacting impacts of hydrological changes and air temperature warming on lake temperatures highlight the potential for adaptive management: Model output
<p>This archive includes the output from the General Ocean Turbulence Model for a series of simulations that used differing model drivers (inflow discharge, Q, and air temperature, T). The Experiment_output.zip contains text files generated from the GOTM workflow containing modelled water temperatures and the Mod_z.txt are the corresponding depths for these temperatures. </p><p>The file name corresponds to the change made to the driving data from baseline (unchanged conditions), a combination of air temperature <i>increase </i>and flow percentage change e.g. Mod_temp_T_2_Q_1.5 refers to an air temperature increase of 2 degrees Celsius and a flow increase of 50% and a Mod_temp_T_3.5_Q_0.7 refers to an air temperature increase of 3.5 degrees Celsius and a flow decrease of 30%.</p>
Urban Stream Environmental and Sequencing Datasets for Exploring the Impacts of Full-Scale Distribution System Orthophosphate Corrosion Control Implementation on the Microbial Ecology of Hydrologically Connected Urban Streams
<p>The dataset of environmental parameters and sequence fastqs used to create figures and do analysis in the paper <strong>Exploring the Impacts of Full-Scale Distribution System Orthophosphate Corrosion Control Implementation on the Microbial Ecology of Hydrologically Connected Urban Streams </strong>submitted to Applied and Environmental Microbiology. </p>
Disentangling the impact of event- and annual-scale precipitation extremes on critical-zone hydrology in semiarid loess: A case study in apple tree plantation
<p>The dataset is the basic data of the author's paper ' Disentangling the impact of event-and annual-scale precipitation extremes on critical-zone hydrology in semiarid loess - a case study in apple tree plantation '. The main content of this paper is to study the hydrological effect of extreme precipitation on the critical area of semi-arid loess. Taking apple plantation as an example, the data set includes the soil moisture and soil temperature data monitored in the field and the apple tree transpiration data. The measured data are used to calibrate and verify the model used in this paper. The water vapor flux, apple tree evapotranspiration and soil leakage data of the simulated soil profile are also included to analyze the hydrological effect of extreme precipitation on the critical area of loess.</p>
Elevated CO2 Intensifies Hydrological Impacts Due to Tropical Deforestation
<p>nc files are the analyzed CESM simulation outputs and py files are the codes processing and plotting them.</p>
Timing of hydrologic anomalies direct impacts on migration traits in a flood pulse fishery system
<p>1. Understanding adaptive reservoir management strategies that balance ecological outcomes with other objectives necessitates properly articulated environmental objectives. Aside from flood pulse extent-related metrics, residual-based descriptors provide robust descriptions of fish assemblage structure and harvest.</p> <p>2. We proposed a model framework based on spectral analysis of hydrologic variation and the Multivariate AutoRegressive State Space (MARSS) model to statistically quantify the effect sizes of hydrologic variation impacts on total fish catch and functional group (migration types) fish harvest and applied it to 17 years of fish harvest data from the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB).</p> <p>3. Our findings suggest that duration and timing of hydrologic anomalies matter as much as their magnitude. Anomaly droughts coupled with strong pulse can benefit species if timed correctly. Longitudinal migrators were more sensitive to anomalous floods and droughts than other migratory species. Fish catch projections using effect sizes derived from historical data revealed that a well-timed and protracted flood followed by a powerful flood pulse would be advantageous to the fishery, but a flood delay could negate such benefits.</p> <p>4. Our results add to a growing body of research that suggests ecological flows can be engineered. For most dams, the rule curve describing reservoir releases and resulting downstream hydrograph is designed in an ecological vacuum in which the objectives are to maximize human services—power production, flood control or navigation. Our work demonstrates that hydrograph can be designed to manage aspects of functional biodiversity directly. Though the exact shape of our hydrograph may not apply to other engineered river systems, we suggest that the approach can be applied generally, and globally both to developed and developing river basins. Specifically, a functional biodiversity rule curve could be optimized as an additional objective function in a multi-objective optimization framework. Our methodology provides a quantitative method for deriving an ecological flow for this larger tradeoff analysis.</p>
Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model
<p>Dataset accompanying the publication "Assessing Future Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on High-Mountain Central Asia: Insights from a Stochastic Soil Moisture Water Balance Model"</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Integrating ecological niche and hydrological connectivity models to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle
<p>We built this dataset to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on the distribution of an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle with very unique ecological requirements, the Williams' side-necked turtle (<em>Phrynops</em> <em>williamsi</em>). To prevent and mitigate impacts, we prioritized sites for species conservation by classifying planned HPP locations according to their predicted adverse effects on species distribution. The dataset has two files: i) species occurrence records and ii) hydropower plant data. The first dataset was fully built by the authors and the second was modified from the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency (ANEEL) georeferenced data system.</p>
Supplemental data for "Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission using a Hydrology-based Model"
<p>Supplemental data for "Investigating the Impact of Irrigation on Malaria Vector Larval Habitats and Transmission using a Hydrology-based Model"</p>
Data from: Integrating ecological niche and hydrological connectivity models to assess the impacts of hydropower plants on an endemic and imperiled freshwater turtle
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Timing of hydrologic anomalies direct impacts on migration traits in a flood pulse fishery system
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