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9 results for “hydrological restoration”
Comparing vertical accretion, organic carbon (C) sequestration, and nitrogen burial between a natural, never diked tidal salt marsh and a hydrologically restored tidal salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia.
Restoration of tidal marshes throughout the 20th century have attempted to bring back important functions of natural tidal systems. In this study, vertical accretion, organic carbon (C) sequestration, and nitrogen burial were compared between a natural, never diked tidal salt marsh and a hydrologically restored tidal salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia to examine the impacts of restoration years later. On Sapelo Island there are two marshes near the University of Georgia Marine Institute, one of which is a natural marsh, and one of which is a restored marsh. The restored marsh had been diked in 1948, and the dike was breached, allowing for the marsh to be restored, in 1956. Soil cores were collected from both marshes, and the sediments were analysed for Nitrogen and Carbon concentrations and bulk density. This analysis was used to determine accretion rates for the two marshes as well as changes in the restored marsh since the dike was breached. Nitrogen burial, carbon sequestration, and soil accretion in the restored marsh as compared to the natural marsh were the focus of this study.
A case study of the effects of wetland restoration on the hydrology, species diversity, species composition and floristic quality of restored wetlands within a Central Florida ranchland, 2003 - ongoing.
In the USA the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has restored millions of acres of wetlands through its Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) programs. However few quantitative studies have explored whether WREs have enhanced wetland hydrology and wetland plant communities. Additionally USDA Compatible Use Permits for cattle grazing and other management practices are sometimes issued for WREs but little is known about potential benefits/detriments of such practice on the success of wetland restoration. In this study we tested if hydrological restoration of previously drained species poor pastures increased water depth and hydroperiod. Restoration involved plugging key ditches adding water control structures and a berm. We also tested if hydrological restoration increased plant diversity (alpha and beta) floristic quality (using coefficient of conservatism) and increased the cover of wetland species (using species wetland status). Finally we tested if cattle grazing had an effect on the success of restoration by comparing grazed plots to fenced plots. We studied two conservation easements (a total of 748 acres) located on semi-native pastures in central Florida USA. We monitored vegetation using permanent transects stratified by vegetation type before (2004-2005) and after (2012) the restoration (2008). We assessed wetland hydroperiod using groundwater wells set up in 2003 and located within and outside the boundaries of these two easements.
Restoring function: positive responses of carbon and nitrogen to 20 years of hydrologic restoration in montane meadows
<p>Montane meadows are highly productive ecosystems that contain high densities of soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, anthropogenic disturbances that lead to channel incision and disconnected floodplain hydrology have altered the C balance of many meadows, converting them from net C sinks to net sources of C to the atmosphere. Restoration efforts designed to reconnect floodplain hydrology may slow rates of soil C loss from degraded meadows and restore conditions for C sequestration and N immobilization, yet questions remain about the long-term impact of such efforts. Here, we used a 22-year meadow restoration chronosequence to measure the decadal impact of hydrologic restoration on above- and belowground C and N stocks and concentrations. Increases in herbaceous vegetation biomass preceded changes in soil C stocks, with the largest gains occurring belowground. Root biomass (0-15 cm) increased at a rate of 270.3 g m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> and soil C stocks (0-15 cm) increased by 232.9 g C m<sup>-2</sup> y<sup>-1</sup> across the chronosequence. Increases in soil C concentration (2.99 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) were tightly coupled with increases in soil N concentration (0.21 g N kg<sup>-1</sup> y<sup>-1</sup>) and soil C:N did not vary with time since restoration. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy results show that the fraction of labile aliphatic C-H and carboxylate C-O (COO) compounds in the soil increased with age of restoration and were positively correlated with soil C and N concentration. Our results demonstrate that restoration of floodplain hydrology in montane meadows has significant impacts on belowground C and N stocks, soil C and N concentration, and soil C chemistry within the first two decades following restoration.</p>
Restoring function: positive responses of carbon and nitrogen to 20 years of hydrologic restoration in montane meadows
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Data from: Hydrological and vegetation change during peatland restoration at ex-forested sites in a blanket bog ecosystem
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Tools for assessing hydrologic challenges and restoration potential of reservoir deltas: case studies from Southern California
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Data from: Hierarchical multi-taxa models inform riparian vs. hydrologic restoration of urban streams in a permeable landscape
The degradation of streams caused by urbanization tends to follow predictable patterns; however, there is a growing appreciation for heterogeneity in stream response to urbanization due to the local geoclimatic context. Furthermore, there is building evidence that streams in mildly sloped, permeable landscapes respond uncharacteristically to urban stress calling for a more nuanced approach to restoration. We evaluated the relative influence of local-scale riparian characteristics and catchment-scale imperviousness on the macroinvertebrate assemblages of streams in the flat, permeable urban landscape of Perth, Western Australia. Using a hierarchical multi-taxa model, we predicted the outcomes of stylized stream restoration strategies to increase the riparian integrity at the local scale or decrease the influences of imperviousness at the catchment scale. In the urban streams of Perth, we show that local-scale riparian restoration can influence the structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages to a greater degree than managing the influences of catchment-scale imperviousness. We also observed an interaction between the effect of riparian integrity and imperviousness such that the effect of increased riparian integrity was enhanced at lower levels of catchment imperviousness. This study represents one of few conducted in flat, permeable landscapes and the first aimed at informing urban stream restoration in Perth, adding to the growing appreciation for heterogeneity of the Urban Stream Syndrome and its importance for urban stream restoration.
Data from: Hierarchical multi-taxa models inform riparian vs. hydrologic restoration of urban streams in a permeable landscape
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Hydrologic Impacts of Forest Disturbance, Conversion and Restoration
<p>A global database comparing the impacts of disturbance, conversion, and restoration of native forests on hydrological processes of great importance for water security. The database is focused on local comparisons or a limited number of hydrological processes and land-use types, spanning 1049 cases from 287 primary studies in 58 countries and 12 biomes. The database includes changes in six hydrological processes (i.e. interception, overland flow, evapotranspiration -total and as a share of rainfall, infiltration, and streamflow, and land-use types (logged, degraded, burned, clear-cut, and restored native forests, monoculture tree plantations, orchards/agroforestry areas, pasturelands, and croplands). Even this database is not focused on evaluating water balances or considers water closure regimes, values on these processes can be used as indicators of changes in water processes across native forest cover and other land use types.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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