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1,245 results for “hypothesis”
Precipitation-productivity relationships in desert grassland: a test of the double asymmetry hypothesis.
The purpose of this data package is to provide the derived data and R code for analyses presented in the manuscript by Collins et al. Knowing the relationship between precipitation (PPT) and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) is essential for understanding and modeling the global carbon cycle. Across grassland to forest gradients, the PPT-ANPP relationship is well-defined and non-linear. Temporal patterns within a site over time, however, are more variable than spatial patterns and nearly always linear. Linear relationships, however, are inconsistent with positive asymmetry occurring when the increase in ANPP in a wet year is greater than the decline in a dry year. The double asymmetry model predicts that concave down non-linearities will occur when extreme high and low PPT years are included in a time series. We used long-term ANPP data from ambient plots, plus rainfall addition and reduction experiments to test the predictions of the double asymmetry model. By combining experimental drought, plus water and nitrogen addition experiments we found some support for the double asymmetry model. However, the response was concave up not down under high precipitation coupled with nitrogen addition. By experimentally extending the range of monsoon precipitation we generated a significant although weak, non-linear PPT-ANPP relationship, but only when nutrient limitation was alleviated. Our results demonstrate that multiple interacting factors govern the PPT-ANPP relationship within a site over time.
Data and script for: "Increased birth rank of homosexual males: disentangling the older brother effect and sexual antagonism hypothesis"
<p>Data and script for Tables 2, 3, S2, S3, S4, and S5, and Figures 1, 3, 4, and S1.</p> <p>Individual dataset:</p> <p>France: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/France_data_df12.csv">France_data_df12.csv </a><br> Indonesia: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Indonesia_data.csv">Indonesia_data.csv </a><br> Greece: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Greek_data.csv">Greek_data.csv </a></p> <p>The file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/France_script.Rmd">France_script.Rmd </a>contains all the analyses of the french data set, including values presented Tables 2, 3, S3, S4, S5, Figures 3, 4 (output in file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/France_script.html">France_script.html</a>). Same thing for files <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Indonesia_script.Rmd">Indonesia_script.Rmd </a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Greek_script.Rmd">Greek_script.Rmd</a>.</p> <p>For figure 1: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Fig1.html">Fig1.html </a><br> For Figure S1: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Fig_S1.html">Fig_S1.html </a><br> For Table S2: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/acdb78f8-397c-4bc3-8f68-ec048edbc5f5/Table_S2_script.html">Table_S2_script.html </a><br> </p> <p> </p> <p><br> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Schematic 3D reconstruction hypothesis of the house of the painter Gillis van Coninxloo at the Oude Turfmarkt and adjacent houses
<p>This is a schematic, grey scale 3D reconstruction of the vanished house of the painter Gillis van Coninxloo and adjacent houses resulting from the research conducted in the framework of the <em>Virtual Interiors</em> project. The research questions that this 3D reconstruction aimed to explore relate to the identification of the exact location of the house on the Oude Turfmarkt and its internal spatial arrangement. Especially the references that are contained in Coninxloo's probate inventory to a ‘Coninxloos winckel’ and an ‘achter winckel’ on the first floor of his house were investigated with the 3D model. </p> <p>An introduction to the Coninxloo case study and to the first phase of the 3D reconstruction project of his house is briefly presented in C. Piccoli and W. Li 2021. ‘Dealing with multidimensional uncertainty: The house of the painter Gillis van Coninxloo’, https://www.virtualinteriorsproject.nl/2021/08/19/dealing-with-multidimensional-uncertainty-the-house-of-the-painter-gillis-van-coninxloo/ (last accessed November 2022). An update on archival research and new insights on this and the neighbouring houses is given in C. Piccoli 2022. ‘The house of Gillis van Coninxloo at the Oude Turfmarkt: New insights’ https://www.virtualinteriorsproject.nl/2022/11/23/the-house-of-gillis-van-coninxloo-at-the-oude-turfmarkt-new-insights/ (last accessed November 2022).</p> <p>The sources that were used to propose this reconstruction hypothesis are listed in the *.csv file.</p> <p>Note: This 3D reconstruction is a provisional version and must be considered hypothetical. Aspects that could be clarified by further research include a possible difference in ground floor’s level between the front and the back in Coninxloo’s house, which would impact the spatial arrangement of the interior and require the presence of steps to bridge the two parts.</p> <p><strong>Historical and archival research</strong>: Chiara Piccoli, Bart Reuvekamp, Frans Grijzenhout.<br> <strong>3D modelling</strong>: Chiara Piccoli<br> <strong>3D modelling software</strong>: Blender<br> <strong>Acknowledgements</strong>: Virtual Interiors project, Gabri van Tussenbroek, Weixuan Li, Judith Brouwer, Madelon Simons.</p>
3D reconstruction hypothesis of the 17th century entrance hall ('voorhuis') of Herengracht 573, Amsterdam
<p>3D reconstruction hypothesis of the 17<sup>th</sup> century entrance hall (‘voorhuis’) of Herengracht 573 in Amsterdam based on information retrieved from the probate inventory (10.5281/zenodo.7501160) and the VOC almanacs of Pieter de Graeff, and building historical research. The 3D reconstruction hypothesis and related sources are discussed in Chiara Piccoli, 'Home-making in 17th century Amsterdam: A 3D reconstruction to investigate visual cues in the entrance hall of Pieter de Graeff (1638-1707)', in G. Landeschi and E. Betts (eds.), <em>Capturing the Senses. Digital Methods for Sensory Archaeologies</em> (Cham: Springer, 2023 forthcoming).</p> <p>The 3D <em>voorhuis</em> can be interactively explored via the prototype <em>Virtual Interiors</em> webviewer (https://www.virtualinteriorsproject.nl/output/). A screencast of the interactive exploration can be viewed at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0142">https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0142</a> or at <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21942/uva.14424218">https://dx.doi.org/10.21942/uva.14424218</a></p> <p>For further details about the aims and the development of the webviewer, see Hugo Huurdeman and Chiara Piccoli 2021. ‘3D Reconstructions as Research Hubs: Geospatial Interfaces for Real-Time Data Exploration of Seventeenth-Century Amsterdam Domestic Interiors’, <em>Open Archaeology</em>, vol. 7 (1), 314-336. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0142">https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0142</a> and Hugo Huurdeman 2021. ‘Analyze & Experience: Towards a Research Environment for 3D Reconstructions’ (<a href="https://www.virtualinteriorsproject.nl/2021/08/04/towards-a-3d-research-environment/">https://www.virtualinteriorsproject.nl/2021/08/04/towards-a-3d-research-environment/</a>)</p> <p>This research was part of the NWO-funded project <em>Virtual Interiors</em> (2018-2022; https://www.virtualinteriorsproject.nl/).</p>
Phlorest phylogeny derived from Chang et al. 2015 'Ancestry-constrained phylogenetic analysis supports the Indo-European steppe hypothesis'
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Chang W, Cathcart C, Hall D, & Garrett A. 2015. Ancestry-constrained phylogenetic analysis supports the Indo-European steppe hypothesis. Language, 91(1):194-244.</p> </blockquote>
CLDF dataset derived from Valenzuela, Pilar and Roberto Zariquiey's " Language classification in Western Amazonia: advances in favor of the Pano-Takana Hypothesis" from 2023
<p>Cite the source of the dataset as:</p> <blockquote> <p>Valenzuela, Pilar and Zariquiey, Roberto (2023). Language classification in Western Amazonia: advances in favor of the Pano-Takana Hypothesis. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, Campinas, SP. https://doi.org/10.20396/liames.v23i00.8670150</p> </blockquote>
Dataset for Electron Precipitation Curtains – Simulating the Microburst Origin Hypothesis by T.P. O'Brien et al. submitted to J. Geophysical Res.
<p>Technical reports and data sets for the the paper Electron Precipitation Curtains – Simulating the Microburst Origin Hypothesis. Additional AC6 information can be found at rbspgwy.jhuapl.edu/ac6 and at spdf.gsfc.nasa.gov/pub/data/aaa_smallsats_cubesats/aerocube/aerocube-6/. AC6 data have also been ingested into the main CDAWeb database at cdaweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. Source code related to this data set can be found at https://github.com/tpoiii/dipole_tracer_ac6, or DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6011631.</p>
Graph Theoretical Measures of Fast Ripple Networks Support the Epileptic Network Hypothesis
<p>MongoDB JSON files of the (high-frequency oscillation) HFO and electrode databases used for this study and others.</p>
Microsatellite genotypes for «Genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure support the specialist‑generalist variation hypothesis in two sympatric woodpecker species»
<p>Species are often arranged along a continuum from “specialists” to “generalists”. Specialists typically use fewer resources, occur in more patchily distributed habitats and have overall smaller population sizes than generalists. Accordingly, the specialist-generalist variation hypothesis (SGVH) proposes that populations of habitat specialists have lower genetic diversity and are genetically more differentiated due to reduced gene flow compared to populations of generalists. Here, expectations of the SGVH were tested by examining genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and contemporary gene flow in two sympatric woodpecker species differing in habitat specialization. Compared to the generalist great spotted woodpecker (<em>Dendrocopos major</em>), lower genetic diversity was found in the specialist middle spotted woodpecker (<em>Dendrocoptes medius</em>). Evidence for recent bottlenecks was revealed in some populations of the middle spotted woodpecker, but in none of the great spotted woodpecker. Substantial spatial genetic structure and a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances were found in the middle spotted woodpecker, but only weak spatial genetic structure and no significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances in the great spotted woodpecker. Finally, estimated levels of contemporary gene flow did not differ between the two species. Results are consistent with all but one expectations of the SGVH. This study adds to the relatively few investigations addressing the SGVH in terrestrial vertebrates.</p>
Dataset for "Contrasting Effects of Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Challenge the N-Mining Hypothesis for Soil Organic Matter Priming"
<p>Dataset for the article:</p> <p>Mason-Jones, K., Schmücker, N., Kuzyakov, Y. (2018) Contrasting Effects of Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Challenge the N-Mining Hypothesis for Soil Organic Matter Priming. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 124, 38-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.05.024</p>
Modelling of inundation scenario under defended hypothesis for RP100 years in Rimini (2050)
<p>This video shows the output of ANUGA hydrodynamic model simulating the total water level generated by a synthetic storm surge scenario corresponding to RP 100 years in Rimini. The period considered is 2050, that means the simulation accounts for changes in Mean Sea Level due to Sea Level Rise and vertical land movements.</p> <p>ANUGA is a 2D hydrodynamic model suitable for the simulation of flooding events resulting from riverine peak flows and storm surges. Being a 2D hydrodynamic model, ANUGA does not resolve vertical convection, waves breaking or 3D turbulence (e.g. vorticity), thus it not accounting for the swash component of wave runup. The fluid dynamics in ANUGA is based on a finite-volume method for solving the shallow water wave equations, thus being based on continuity and simplified momentum equation.<br> The case study area is represented by an irregular triangular mesh in which water level, water depth and horizontal momentum are computed. The size of the triangles is variable within the mesh, varying from higher resolution areas (16 m²) for canals and coastal defence structures, to lower resolution (900 m²) for sea areas.</p>
Dataset from: A test of the reproductive assurance hypothesis in Ipomoea hederacea: does inbreeding depression counteract the benefits of self-pollination?
<p><strong>PREMISE: Darwin proposed that self-pollination in allegedly outcrossing species might act as a reproductive assurance mechanism when pollinators or mates are scarce; however, in natural populations, the benefits of selfing may be opposed by seed discounting and inbreeding depression. While empirical studies show variation among species and populations in the magnitude of reproductive assurance, little is known about the counterbalancing effects of inbreeding depression.</strong></p> <p><strong>METHODS: By comparing the female reproductive success of emasculated and open-pollinated flowers, we assessed the reproductive assurance hypothesis in two Mexican populations of <em>Ipomoea hederacea.</em> In one population we assessed temporal variation in reproductive assurance for three years. We evaluated inbreeding depression on seed production, seedling germination, and dry plant mass by contrasting self- and cross-hand pollination treatments in one population for two years.</strong></p> <p><strong> KEY RESULTS: The contribution of self-pollination to female reproductive success was high and consistent between populations, but there was variation in reproductive assurance across years. Inbreeding depression was absent in the early stages of progeny development, but there was a small negative effect of inbreeding in the probability of germination and the mass of adult progeny. </strong></p> <p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: Self-pollination provided significant reproductive assurance in <em>I. hederacea </em>but this contribution was variable across time. The contribution of reproductive assurance is probably reduced by inbreeding depression in later stages of progeny development, but this counter-effect was small in the study populations. This study supports the hypothesis that reproductive assurance with limited inbreeding depression is likely an important selective force in the evolution of self-pollination in the genus <em>Ipomoea</em>. </strong></p>
Calculation of Ferrite Core Losses with Arbitrary Waveforms using the Composite Waveform Hypothesis: Reproducibility Dataset
<p><strong>Paper</strong></p> <p>This package contains the datasets used in the following paper:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Calculation of Ferrite Core Losses with Arbitrary Waveforms using the Composite Waveform Hypothesis</strong></li> <li><strong>Thomas Guillod, Jenna S. Lee, Haoran Li, Shukai Wang, Minjie Chen, and Charles R. Sullivan</strong></li> <li><strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43580.2023.10131348">https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43580.2023.10131348</a></strong></li> <li><strong>IEEE APEC 2023, Orlando, Florida, USA</strong></li> </ul> <p><strong>Datasets</strong></p> <p>The EPCOS TDK N87 datasets used in this paper are part of the MagNet initiative (<a href="http://mag-net.princeton.edu">https://mag-net.princeton.edu</a>). MagNet is an openly available large-scale dataset including measurements of several core materials under various operating conditions. MagNet is a joint project between Princeton University, Dartmouth College, and Plexim GmbH.</p> <p>This package includes the two datasets used in the paper:</p> <ul> <li>"N87_ambient_temperature" - Loss dataset for EPCOS TDK N87 at ambient temperature (measured on a R22.1X13.7X7.9, 2022-02-01).</li> <li>"N87_variable_temperature" - Loss dataset for EPCOS TDK N87 at different temperatures (measured on a R34.0X20.5X12.5, 2022-07-14).</li> </ul> <p>It should be noted that the datasets contains more measurements than used in the paper:</p> <ul> <li>The measurements where the iGCC can be evaluated without extrapolation are used in the paper.</li> <li>The measurements where the iGCC require an extrapolation of the loss data are not used in the paper.</li> <li>A flag in the dataset indicates in which category a measurement belongs.</li> </ul> <p>More details about the measurement setup can be found on the MagNet website (<a href="http://mag-net.princeton.edu">https://mag-net.princeton.edu</a>).</p> <p>More details about the iGCC method can be found on GitHub (<a href="https://github.com/otvam/magnet_webinar_eqn_models">https://github.com/otvam/magnet_webinar_eqn_models</a>).</p> <p><strong>File Formats</strong></p> <p>The datasets are available in three different formats:</p> <ul> <li>CSV (text files).</li> <li>MATLAB tables (MAT v7.3 binary files, exported with MATLAB 2021a).</li> <li>Pandas dataframes (HDF5 binary files, exported with Python 3.10.6 and Pandas 1.3.5).</li> </ul> <p>The file "dataset_metadata.csv" contains the description of the different variables.<br>The file "test_matlab.m" is a MATLAB test file for loading the MATLAB tables.<br>The file "test_python.py" is a Python test file for loading the Pandas dataframes.</p>
FIG. 17 in Archaeochiapasidae n. fam., a new early Cenomanian brachyuran family from Chiapas, Mexico, new hypothesis on Lecythocaridae Schweitzer & Feldmann, 2009, and phylogenetic implications (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Eubrachyura)
FIG. 17. — Retroplumidae Gill, 1894 (Retroplumoidea Gill, 1894). Costacopluma maroccana Ossó-Morales, Artal & Vega, 2010, Calcaires à slumps de Taghit Formation, late Campanian, Merija, Morocco: thoracic sternum and pleon. AO39, Private Collection Àlex Ossó. Photography by Àlex Ossó and courtesy of À. Ossó. Scale bar: 10 mm.
Hilbert-P\'{o}lya conjecture and Riemann hypothesis
<p>Since Hilbert-P\'{o}lya conjecture has been solved by the G-dynamics ${{\widehat{w}}^{\left( cl \right)}}$ as a Hermitian frequency operator, the Riemann hypothesis as a corollary of Hilbert-P\'{o}lya theorem is proven as well, then we have explicitly asserted the physical essence of Riemann hypothesis expressed by $$\zeta \left( \rho \right)=\zeta \left( \varrho/\hbar \right)=0$$ where the non-trivial zeros $\rho =1/2+\sqrt{-1}{{w}^{\left( q \right)}}$. Furthermore, we have geometrically proven Einstein tensor such that ${{G}_{ij}}=\zeta \left( \rho\right)=0$, and ${w}^{\left( q \right)}=R$ is the scalar curvature.</p>
Fig. 23. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Halopterididae Millard, 1962 in Plumularioid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from off New Caledonia collected during KANACONO and KANADEEP expeditions of the French Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Program
Fig. 23. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the Halopterididae Millard, 1962. The species discussed in this study is highlighted in yellow, and the newly-produced sequence is in bold. Numbers at nodes represent BPP and BS, respectively, and are shown only when both BPP Ż 0.9 and BS Ż 75.
An experimental test of the Allee effects range limitation hypothesis
<p>Data and code for a simple N-mixture model in JAGS Merker, S.A and Chandler, R.B. In Press. An experimental test of the Allee effects range limitation hypothesis. Journal of Animal Ecology.</p> <p>JAE-data.gzip contains the data required to run the model including:</p> <ol> <li>scaled and center covariates of detection</li> <li>a 3 dimensional array containing counts of Canada warbler (cardellina canadensis) at 71 point count locations over 4 years</li> <li>A climate PCA derived from PRISM data.</li> </ol> <p>The model itself is described in the .jAG file "Abundance_EN_clim-trt-D.JAG"</p> <p>Merker_Chandler_Appendices is an Rmarkdown file for the appendices of the article</p>
Data from: Optimizing Coastal Restoration with the Stress Gradient Hypothesis
Restoration efforts have been escalating worldwide in response to widespread habitat degradation. However, coastal restoration attempts notoriously vary in their ability to establish resilient, high-functioning ecosystems. Conventional restoration attempts disperse transplants in competition-minimizing arrays, yet recent studies suggest that clumping transplants to maximize facilitative, intraspecific interactions improves restoration success. Here, we modify the Stress Gradient Hypothesis to generate predictions about where each restoration design will perform best across environmental stress gradients. We then test the model by combining measurements of physical stress with a field experiment manipulating transplant density and configuration across coastal dune elevational zones and latitudes. In hurricane-damaged Georgia (USA) dunes, grass transplanted in competition-minimizing (low-density, dispersed) arrays exhibited the highest growth, resilience to disturbance, and dune formation in low stress conditions. In contrast, facilitation-maximizing (high-density, clumped) arrays exhibited the highest survivorship in high stress conditions. Transplant survival was significantly lower on Massachusetts compared to Georgia dunes, suggesting there are thresholds above which intraspecific facilitation cannot overcome local stressors. Thus, switching from competition-minimizing to facilitation-maximizing transplant designs with increasing environmental stress can improve multiple metrics of restoration success, suggesting our modified Stress Gradient Hypothesis offers a roadmap for how to rebuild resilient, high-functioning coastal ecosystems.
FIGURES 10 – 15 in Mature larva of Stenichnus godarti (Latreille) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae): redescription, hypothesis of displaced epicranial suture and alternative interpretation of homology between chaetotaxic structures
FIGURES 10 – 15. Larva of Stenichnus godarti. Head in dorsal (10) and ventral (11) views; left (12) and right (13) antenna in dorsal view; right (14) and left (15) maxilla in ventral view. Abbreviations: Ag, antennal gland; An 1 – 3, antennomere I – III; Cd, cardo; Da, dorsoanterior seta; De, dorsoepicranial seta; Df, dorsofrontal seta; Dl, dorsolateral seta; Dp, dorsoposterior seta; Es, frontal arm of epicranial suture; Est, epicranial stem; L, lateral seta; l, lentiform structure; La, labral anterior seta; Ma, mala; Md. mandible; MdS, mandibular seta; Mn, mentum; Mxp 1 – 3, maxillary palpomere II – III; Ptp, posterior tentorial pit; SA, sensory appendage; Smn, submentum; sol, solenidion; St, stemma; Stp, stipes; V, ventral seta; Va, ventroanterior seta; Vl, ventrolateral seta.
Fig. 1 in An instance of intergeneric copulation in the family Rhopalidae (Heteroptera): structure, functioning and congruence of the genitalia in two different species from the standpoint of the lock-and-key hypothesis
Fig. 1. Copulation of Corizus hyoscyami (male) and Rhopalus parumpunctatus (female), Novgorod Province. Photograph by E.Yu. Kirtsideli.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.