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150 results for “increasing temperature”
Increased temperature, N and snowpack experiment for north of saddle, 2006 - ongoing.
In 2006 we established a global change experiment in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains to investigate how manipulations of warmer summer temperature, N deposition, and increased snowpack would affect the growth of alpine plants. The experiment was implemented on Niwot Ridge, where shrub cover has expanded by over 400% since 1946 (Formica et al. 2014). We established experimental plots north of the Niwot Ridge saddle, in an area of moist meadow tundra where willow shrub (Salix sp.) patches are present. Within experimental plots, Salix glauca seedlings were transplanted in 2006 and 2007 to test whether changing environmental conditions facilitated shrub survival and growth. In 2007 and 2008, phenological observations were recorded for all (2007) or abundant (2008) species in experimental plots. Measurements of plant species composition and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) are also made annually or biennially (ANPP, 2017-onward). In 2021, canopy height and NDVI began being measured annually. In July of 2016, a community transplant experiment was implemented to test whether changing environmental conditions support changes in alpine tundra plant communities. Two species characteristic of (1) dry meadow tundra (Tetraneuris acaulis, Erigeron pinnatisectus), (2) snowbed tundra (Ranunculus adoneus, Saxifraga rhomboidea) and (3) subalpine meadow (Trollius albiflorus, Polemonium pulcherrimum) were transplanted into experimental plots. Survival and growth of transplants was documented annually through 2021.
Replication Data for: "Ocean acidification increases susceptibility to sub-zero air temperatures in ecosystem engineers and limit poleward range shifts"
<p>These datasets contain all the raw data needed to replicate the results from our paper <em>Ocean acidification increases susceptibility to sub-zero air temperatures in ecosystem engineers and limit poleward range shifts</em> published in eLife - <a href="https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81080">https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.81080</a></p>
Trollius transplant performance in the increased temperature, N and snowpack experiment, 2021 - ongoing.
This range expansion experiment was installed in the summer of 2021. We experimentally simulated the range expansion of a subalpine buttercup, Trollius albiflorus, by transplanting six adults into the west edge of the ITEX global change experimental plots, for a total of 288 transplants. To parse apart abiotic and biotic drivers on range expansion, we manipulated half the transplants to ‘reduce below-ground biotic interactions’ using PVC pipe vs ‘control’ biotic conditions where below-ground interactions we left intact. To record above-ground interactions, in 2022-2024 we recorded neighborhood percent cover at the species-level around each Trollius albiflorus transplant using a 10 cm circular hoop. In 2023 and 2024, we quantified soil conditions surrounding each transplant by recording soil moisture (%VWC) and soil temperature (Celsius).
Stability Increase of Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase by a Combination of Protein and Solvent Engineering Unlocks Applications at Elevated Temperatures
<p>Enzymatic decarboxylation of biobased hydroxycinnamic acids gives access to phenolic styrenes for adhesive production. Phenolic acid decarboxylases are proficient enzymes that have been applied in aqueous systems, organic solvents, biphasic systems, and deep eutectic solvents, which makes stability a key feature. Stabilization of the enzyme would increase the total turnover number and thus reduce the energy consumption and waste accumulation associated with biocatalyst production. In this study, we used ancestral sequence reconstruction to generate thermostable decarboxylases. Investigation of a set of 16 ancestors resulted in the identification of a variant with an unfolding temperature of 78.1 °C and a half-life time of 45 h at 60 °C. Crystal structures were determined for three selected ancestors. Structural attributes were calculated to fit different regression models for predicting the thermal stability of variants that have not yet been experimentally explored. The models rely on hydrophobic clusters, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and surface properties and can identify more stable proteins out of a pool of candidates. Further stabilization was achieved by the application of mixtures of natural deep eutectic solvents and buffers. Our approach is a straightforward option for enhancing the industrial application of the decarboxylation process.</p>
Increased egg shell temperature during incubation leads to changes in transcriptional and epigenetic profiles in chicken lungs
<p>These RDS files contain <strong>DESeqDataSet </strong>objects subsets per broiler age and treatment. These objects are the result of DESeq2::DESeq( … ,betaPrior=FALSE).The .txt-objects contain the normalized sequencing counts per broiler age and treatment group. These objects are the result of DESeq2::counts( … , normalized=TRUE). Data was generated using STAR v2.7.10a and DESeq2 v1.36. Metadata is included as Excel file.</p> <p>Sequencing data is deposited at NCBI-SRA under BioProject: PRJNA949139. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Study abstract</strong></p> <p>D. Schokker, J. de Vos, P.B. Stege, O. Madsen, H.J. Wijnen, S.K. Kar, and J.M.J. Rebel</p> <p>Health and resilience against respiratory diseases are important features for broiler chicken. In this study, epigenetic and transcriptomic changes in the lungs of broiler chickens of different ages during rearing that were either exposed to elevated egg shell temperature (HIGH) of 38.9°C during mid-incubation or normal egg shell temperature (control; CON). The objective was to better understand how environmental challenges, such as heat stress during egg incubation, affect the development of the immune system and health of broiler chicken at later age. To this end we generated both epigenetic and transcriptomic data of lung tissue of elevated HIGH and CON chicken, furthermore these chicken were challenged by introducing either an infectious E. coli or an IBV vaccination to monitor the respiratory response. Thousands of differential methylated sites were observed at days 15 and 33, when comparing HIGH vs. CON. Pathway enrichment analysis of HIGH vs. CON showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cilium, cytoskeleton, and immune processes. These findings provide insight into the underlying biological mechanisms of early life conditions, like elevated EST, and their potential role in health of broilers.</p>
Response of psychrophilic plant endosymbionts to experimental temperature increase
<p>Countless uncertainties remain regarding the effects of global warming on biodiversity, including the ability of organisms to adapt and how that will affect obligate symbiotic relationships. The present study aimed to determine the consequences of temperature increase on the adaptation of plant endosymbionts (endophytes) that grow better at low temperatures (psychrophilic). We isolated fungal endophytes from a high-elevation (paramo) endemic plant. Initial growth curves were constructed at different temperatures (4–25°C). Then, experiments were carried in which only the psychrophilic isolates were subjected to repeated increments in temperature. After the experiments, the final growth curves showed significantly slower growth than the initial curves, and some isolates even ceased to grow. While most studies suggest that the distribution of microorganisms will expand as temperatures increase because most of these organisms grow better at 25°C, the results from our experiments demonstrate that psychrophilic fungi were negatively affected by temperature increases. These outcomes raise questions concerning the potential adaptation of beneficial endosymbiotic fungi in the already threatened plant ecosystems. Assessing the consequences of global warming at all trophic levels is urgent because many species on Earth depend on their microbial symbionts for survival. Associations are mutually beneficial, results from our study have implications on the potential survival of these plants and high-elevation ecosystems.</p>
Stress, Strain, and Temperature measurement data for AISI 301 and AISI 316 stainless steels from tension tests with a sudden increase of strain rate
<p>This publication comprise data obtained during a tension test where the strain rate was suddenly changed from 10<sup>-4</sup> s<sup>-1 </sup>to 1.3x10<sup>3 </sup>s<sup>-1</sup>. The sudden increase in strain rate was carried out at different amounts of plastic strain. The tests were carried out with a modified tension Split-Hopkinson Pressure bar device. The force was measured from the stress bars using strain gages, whereas the strain was measured using high speed photography and digital image correlation. The temperature was measured using high speed infrared imaging. The data is part of the original publication in Journal of Dynamic Behavior of Materials. The original manuscript is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40870-022-00333-y</p> <p> </p>
Data and analysis from: Body mass, temperature, and depth shape the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks and rays
<p>An important challenge in ecology is to understand variation in species' maximum intrinsic rate of population increase, 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>, not least because 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> underpins our understanding of the limits of fishing, recovery potential, and ultimately extinction risk. Across many vertebrate species, terrestrial and aquatic, body mass and environmental temperature are important correlates of 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>. In sharks and rays, specifically, 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> is known be lower in larger species, but also in deep-sea ones.</p> <p>We use an information-theoretic approach that accounts for phylogenetic relatedness to evaluate the relative importance of body mass, temperature and depth on 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>. We show that both temperature and depth have separate effects on shark and ray 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> estimates, such that species living in deeper waters have lower 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub>. Furthermore, temperature also correlates with changes in the mass scaling coefficient, suggesting that as body size increases, decreases in 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> are much steeper for species in warmer waters.</p> <p>These findings suggest that there are (as-yet understood) depth-related processes that limit the maximum rate at which populations can grow in deep sea sharks and rays. While the deep ocean is associated with colder temperatures, other factors that are independent of temperature, such as food availability and physiological constraints, may influence the low 𝑟<sub>𝑚𝑎𝑥</sub> observed in deep sea sharks and rays. Our study lays the foundation for predicting the intrinsic limit of fishing, recovery potential, and extinction risk species based on easily accessible environmental information such as temperature and depth, particularly for data-poor species.</p> <p>This repository contains the data and a minimum working example of the model-fitting process used for the article "Body mass, temperature, and depth shape productivity in sharks and rays", which is currently in press at <em>Ecology and Evolution</em>.</p>
Pin-on-disc tests with friction and wear depth data at increasing temperatures: dry sliding between 100Cr6 sphere against 100Cr6 ring.
<p>This dataset has been collected during 6 ball-on-disc tests. The objective of the tests was to assess the influence of temperature on wear and friction between steel-to-steel counterfaces.</p> <p>Materials: 100Cr6 sphere against 100Cr6 ring. Both components have been extracted from a FAG axial bearing. Surface roughness: sphere Ra: 0.04 microns; ring: 0.42 microns.</p> <p>test conditions (test 1/2/3/4/5/6):</p> <p>vertical load: 10N</p> <p>sliding speed: 0.1 m/s</p> <p>sliding distance: 500 m</p> <p>temperature: 23/50/80/110/140/170 °C</p> <p>wear track radius: 27.8/22.6/29/27/24/22 mm</p>
Timing of increased temperature sensitivity coincides with nervous system development in winter moth embryos
<p>Climate change is rapidly altering the environment and many species will need to genetically adapt their seasonal timing to keep up with these changes. Insect development rate is largely influenced by temperature, but we know little about the mechanisms underlying temperature sensitivity of development. Here we investigate seasonal timing of egg hatching in the winter moth, one of the few species which has been found to genetically adapt to climate change, likely through selection on temperature sensitivity of egg development rate. To study when during development winter moth embryos are most sensitive to changes in ambient temperature, we gave eggs an increase or decrease in temperature at different moments during their development. We measured their developmental progression and timing of egg hatching, and used fluorescence microscopy to construct a timeline of embryonic development for the winter moth. We found that egg development rate responded more strongly to temperature once embryos were in the fully extended germband stage. This is the phylotypic stage at which all insect embryos have developed a rudimentary nervous system. Furthermore, at this stage timing of ecdysone signaling determines developmental progression, which could act as an environment dependent gateway. Intriguingly, this may suggest that, from the phylotypic stage onward, insect embryos can start to integrate internal and environmental stimuli to actively regulate important developmental processes. As we found evidence that there is genetic variation for temperature sensitivity of egg development rate in our study population, such regulation could be a target of selection imposed by climate change.</p>
Dataset for "Roles of surface forcing in the Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes under increasing CO2: perspectives from model perturbation experiments and a theoretical framework"
<p>Reference: Kewei Lyu, Xuebin Zhang, John A. Church, Quran Wu, Russell Fiedler, and Fabio Boeira Dias (2022), Roles of surface forcing in the Southern Ocean temperature and salinity changes under increasing CO<sub>2</sub>: perspectives from model perturbation experiments and a theoretical framework, <em>Journal of Physical Oceanography</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-22-0095.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-22-0095.1</a></p>
Data from: Range-edge populations of seaweeds show niche unfilling and poor adaptation to increased temperatures
<p>Data used for the study entitled "Range-edge populations of seaweeds show niche unfilling and poor adaptation to increased temperatures". These are the distribution data collected from literature and personal communications to complete the GBIF and OBIS distributional records of the Atlantic European coast, the weekly growth data taken from the study individuals as well as the binomial survival data used for the graphs of the last week of the experiment.</p>
Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
<p>Changes in environmental conditions can shift the costs and benefits of aggregation or interfere with the sensory perception of near neighbours. This affects group cohesion with potential impacts on the benefits of collective behaviour such as reduced predation risk. Organisms are rarely exposed to one stressor in isolation, yet there are only a few studies exploring the interactions between multiple stressors and their effects on social behaviour. Here we tested the effects of increased water temperature and turbidity on refuge use and three measures of aggregation in guppies (<em>Poecilia</em> <em>reticulata</em>), increasing temperature and turbidity in isolation or in combination. When stressors were elevated in isolation, the distribution of fish within the arena as measured by the index of dispersion became more aggregated at higher temperatures but less aggregated when turbidity was increased. Another measure of cohesion at the global scale, the mean inter-individual distance, also indicated that fish were less aggregated in turbid water. This is likely due to turbidity acting as a visual constraint, as there was no evidence of a change in risk perception as refuge use was not affected by turbidity. Fish decreased refuge use and were closer to their nearest neighbour at higher temperatures. However, nearest-neighbour distance was not affected by turbidity, suggesting that local-scale interactions can be robust to the moderate increase in turbidity used here (5 NTU) compared to other studies which show a decline in shoal cohesion at higher turbidity (>100 NTU). We did not observe any significant interaction terms between the two stressors, indicating no synergistic or antagonistic effects. Our study suggests that the effects of environmental stressors on social behaviour may be unpredictable and dependent on the metric used to measure cohesion, highlighting the need for mechanistic studies to link behaviour to the physiology and sensory effects of environmental stressors.</p>
Data from: Earlier springs increase goose breeding propensity and nesting success at Arctic but not at temperature latitudes
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>1. Intermittent breeding is an important tactic in long-lived species that trade off survival and reproduction to maximize lifetime reproductive success. When breeding conditions are unfavourable, individuals are expected to skip reproduction to ensure their own survival. <br>2. Breeding propensity (i.e. the probability for a mature female to breed in a given year) is an essential parameter in determining reproductive output and population dynamics, but is not often studied in birds because it is difficult to obtain unbiased estimates. Breeding conditions are especially variable at high latitudes, potentially resulting in a large effect on breeding propensity of Arctic-breeding migratory birds, such as geese. <br>3. With a novel approach, we used GPS-tracking data to determine nest locations, breeding propensity and nesting success of barnacle geese, and studied how these varied with breeding latitude and timing of arrival on the breeding grounds relative to local onset of spring. <br>4. Onset of spring at the breeding grounds was a better predictor of breeding propensity and nesting success than relative timing of arrival. At Arctic latitudes (> 66°), breeding propensity decreased from 0.89 (95% CI: 0.65-0.97) in early springs to 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06-0.55) in late springs, while at temperate latitudes it varied between 0.75 (95% CI: 0.38-0.93) and 0.89 (95% CI:<span> </span>0.41-0.99) regardless of spring phenology. Nesting success followed a similar pattern, and was lower in later springs at Arctic latitudes, but not at temperate latitudes.<span> </span>In early springs, a larger proportion of geese started breeding despite arriving late relative to the onset of spring, possibly because the early spring enabled them to use local resources to fuel egg laying and incubation. <br>5. While earlier springs due to climate warming are considered to have mostly negative repercussions on reproductive success through phenological mismatches, our results suggest that these effects may partly be offset by higher breeding propensity and nesting success.</span></p>
Timing of increased temperature sensitivity coincides with nervous system development in winter moth embryos
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Data from: Range-edge populations of seaweeds show niche unfilling and poor adaptation to increased temperatures
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Increased water temperature and turbidity act independently to alter social behaviour in guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
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Data from: Earlier springs increase goose breeding propensity and nesting success at Arctic but not at temperature latitudes
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Data from: Intraspecific variation in metabolic responses of a cool water fish to increasing temperatures
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Data and analysis from: Body mass, temperature, and depth shape the maximum intrinsic rate of population increase in sharks and rays
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Allen Brain Atlas
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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