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48 results for “individual networks”
Distinct brain networks involved in placebo analgesia between individuals with or without prior experience with opioids
<p><strong>ABSTACT</strong></p> <p>Placebo analgesia is defined as a psychobiological phenomenon triggered by the information surrounding an antalgic drug instead of its inherent pharmacological properties. Placebo analgesia is hypothesized to be formed through either verbal suggestions or conditioning. The present study aims at disentangling the neural correlates of expectations effects with or without conditioning through prior experience using the model of placebo analgesia.</p> <p>We will address this question by recruiting two groups of individuals holding comparable verbally-induced expectations regarding morphine analgesia but either (i) with or (ii) without prior experience with opioids. We will then contrast the two groups’ neurocognitive response to acute heat-pain induction following the injection of sham morphine using electroencephalography (EEG). Topographic ERP analyses of the N2 and P2 pain evoked potential components will allow to test the hypothesis that placebo analgesia involves distinct neural networks when induced by expectations with or without prior experience.</p>
Internet use: participating in social networks [percentage of individuals] processed Eurostat data [CEEMID indicator]
<p>The indicator '<strong>Internet use: participating in social networks (creating user profile, posting messages or other contributions to facebook, twitter, etc.) [percentage of individuals]</strong>' from the Eurostat statistical product <em>Individuals who used the internet, frequency of use and activities.</em></p> <p>- NUTS2013 regional codes are recoded to NUTS2016<br> - missing data is handled with last observation carry forward, next observation carry back, linear interpolation<br> -NUTS2 areas are imputed when only NUTS1 level data is available. <br> <br> The original dataset is available here:<br> <a href="https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=isoc_r_iuse_i&lang=en">https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=isoc_r_iuse_i&lang=en</a></p> <p>More about CEEMID: <a href="http://ceemid.eu">www.ceemid.eu</a><br> Get in touch: <a href="http://danielantal.eu/#contact">danielantal.eu/#contact</a></p>
Individual-based plant-pollinator networks are structured by phenotypic and microsite plant traits
<p>Dataset associated with the manuscript "Individual-based plant-pollinator networks are structured by phenotypic and microsite plant traits" (Arroyo-Correa et al. 2020), including plant-pollinator interactions, individual plant attributes and the plant polygon map created with drone flights. </p>
Group composition of individual personalities alters social network structure in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p><span>Social network structure is a critical group character that mediates the flow of information, pathogens, and resources among individuals in a population, yet little is known about what shapes social structures. In this study, we experimentally tested whether social network structure depends on the personalities of group members. Replicate groups of forked fungus beetles (<i>Bolitotherus cornutus</i>) were engineered to include only members previously assessed as either more social or less social. We found that individuals behaved consistently across social contexts, exhibiting repeatable numbers of interactions and numbers of partners. At the group level, networks composed of more social individuals had higher interaction rates, higher tie density, higher global clustering, and shorter average shortest paths than those composed of less social individuals. We highlight group composition of personalities as a source of variance in group traits and a potential mechanism by which networks could evolve.</span></p>
Group and individual social network metrics are robust to changes in resource distribution in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioral ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.</p> <p>We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.</p> <p>We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi-natural populations of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus). We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half-way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioral differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.</p> <p>We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length, and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.</p> <p>Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggests that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.</p>
The impact of individual variation on abrupt collapses in mutualistic networks
<p>R Data and R scripts for the paper in Ecology Letters "The impact of individual variation on abrupt collapses in mutualistic networks"</p> <p>Contact: <a href="mailto:gbaruahecoevo@gmail.com">gbaruahecoevo@gmail.com</a></p>
Group composition of individual personalities alters social network structure in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
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Group and individual social network metrics are robust to changes in resource distribution in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
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Flower-visitor and pollen-load data provide complementary insight into species and individual network roles
<p>Most animal pollination results from plant-insect interactions, but how we perceive these interactions may differ with the sampling method adopted. The two most common methods are observations of visits by pollinators to plants and observations of pollen loads carried by insects. Each method could favour the detection of different species and interactions, and pollen load observations typically reveal more interactions per individual insect than visit observations. Moreover, while observations concern plant and insect individuals, networks are frequently analysed at the level of species. Although networks constructed using visitation and pollen-load data have occasionally been compared in relatively specialised, bee-dominated systems, it is not known how sampling methodology will affect our perception of how species (and individuals within species) interact in a more generalist system. Here we use a Diptera-dominated high-Arctic plant--insect community to explore how sampling approach shapes several measures of species' interactions (focusing on specialisation), and what we can learn about how the interactions of individuals relate to those of species. We found that species degrees, interaction strengths, and species motif roles were significantly correlated across the two method-specific versions of the network. However, absolute differences in degrees and motif roles were greater than could be explained by the greater number of interactions per individual provided by the pollen-load data. Thus, despite the correlations between species roles in networks built using visitation and pollen-load data, we infer that these two perspectives yield fundamentally different summaries of the ways species fit into their communities. Further, individuals' roles generally predicted the species' overall role, but high variability among individuals means that species' roles cannot be used to predict those of particular individuals. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting a dual perspective on bipartite networks, as based on the different information inherent in insect visits and pollen loads.</p>
The individual-based network structure of palm-seed dispersers is explained by a rainforest gradient
<p>How species interactions change in space and time is a major question in ecology. In tropical forests, plant individuals share mutualistic partners (pollinators or seed dispersers), yet we have little understanding of the factors affecting these individual interaction patterns. We used a seed dispersal individual-based network describing interactions between individuals of a palm species with bird species to investigate how intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of individual plants influence the network structure. In our work we evaluated if average canopy height, number of fruits, distance to forest gap, and habitat type influence the role of palm individuals in the network. From 102 palms, 62 individuals had their seeds dispersed at least once: 17 individual palms in the restinga, 15 in the lowland and 30 in the pre-montane habitat. Twelve bird species were recorded dispersing <em>Euterpe edulis</em> seeds in our study area.</p>
Data supporting: Drivers of individual-based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion
<p><span>1. Range expansion in plant populations, especially at the colonization front, can be either limited by disproportionately large effects of antagonistic interactions or facilitated by their release. How the strength of antagonistic interactions changes along successional gradients during range expansion is still poorly documented, especially when diverse assemblages of plant antagonists (rodents, invertebrates, and birds) combine within interaction networks.</span></p> <p><span>2. We study the changes in individual-based, predispersal seed-pulp predator networks along a colonization gradient in a rapidly-expanding <em>Juniperus phoenicea</em> population in Doñana National Park (SW Spain). Additionally, we analysed the role of individual plant traits and neighbourhood attributes in network configuration by using Exponential Random Graph Models.</span></p> <p><span>3. Seven seed-pulp consumer animal species varied significantly in their frequency of interaction and prevalence. While invertebrate species were well established in old and intermediately mature stands, greenfinch (<em>Chloris chloris</em>) was dominant at the colonization front. Variable species roles and spread of interactions among individual plants generated changes in the configuration of interactions during plant expansion.</span></p> <p><span>4. Individual plant traits strongly determined the topology of these networks, although with differences between stands. Increasing individual crop size and seeds per cone increased the interaction odds of individual plants, while seed viability showed the opposite effect. The network topology at the colonization front appeared less driven by individual traits, possibly because of the short interaction history of this recently established area. The disproportionately large effect of <em>C. chloris</em> in these recently established stands, potentially resulted in large seed losses during range expansion.</span></p> <p><span>5.</span><em><span> Synthesis</span></em><span>. Turnover of antagonistic interactions, characterized the colonization front, resulting in more heterogeneous interaction strengths among individual plants. We found no evidence for a complete or sizeable antagonistic release of <em>J. phoenicea</em> at the colonization front promoting this rapid expansion. It becomes necessary to explore interactions with seed dispersers to understand how antagonistic and mutualistic plant-animal interactions balance during range expansion. Our study highlights the importance of an individual-based approach in understanding how interactions are structured and driven in natural changing landscapes.</span></p>
Downscaling mutualistic networks from species to individuals reveals consistent interaction niches and roles within plant populations.
<p>Repository containing dataset and code for the manuscript entitled <em>Downscaling mutualistic networks from species to individuals reveals consistent interaction niches and roles within plant populations</em>.</p> <p>For this study, we compiled 46 empirical individual-based networks on plant-animal seed dispersal mutualism, encompassing 1037 plant individuals across 29 species from various regions. We compare the structure of individual-based networks to that of species-based networks and by extending the niche concept to interaction assemblages, we explore levels of individual plant specialization. We examine how individual variation influences network structure and how plant individuals "explore" the interaction niche of the population.</p> <p>Please refer to <strong>makefile.R</strong> for project outline, explanation and codes used, and to the <strong>README</strong> in networks folder for data structure and compilation.</p>
Individual-based networks reveal the highly skewed interactions of a frugivore mutualist with individual plants in a diverse community
<p>While plant-animal interactions occur fundamentally at the individual level, the bulk of research examining the mechanisms that drive interaction patterns has focused on the species or population level. In seed-dispersal mutualisms between frugivores and plants, little is known about the role of space and individual-level variation among plants in structuring patterns of frugivore foraging and, thus, seed dispersal in a plant community. Here we use an animal perspective to examine how space and variation between individual plants affect movement and visitation by frugivores foraging on individual fruiting plants. To do this, we used a spatially explicit network approach informed by observations of the movement and foraging of a frugivorous lemur species (Eulemur rubriventer) amongst individual plants in a diverse plant community in Madagascar. The resulting hierarchical networks, in which a few individual plants received the bulk of the interactions, demonstrated how a generalist frugivore species could act as an individual-plant specialist within a plant community. The few individual plants that dominated interactions with the lemurs shaped the modular spatial structure of frugivory interactions in the community and facilitated visitation to near neighbors. This interaction structure was primarily driven by extrinsic factors, as lemur movements among plants were significantly influenced by the individual plant's spatial position and the species richness of fruiting plants in its immediate neighborhood. Individual plants in central spatial locations, with a rich fruiting neighborhood and large fruit crops, received the most visits. The observed drastic inequality in the interactions of a generalist frugivore within a highly diverse plant community highlights the importance of considering individual-level variation for essential ecosystem processes, such as seed dispersal.</p>
melian009/Mispark: Preliminary analysis mutualistic networks in space, rarefaction, sierra size and sampling individuals, species, and traits
<p>Mutualistic networks in space, morphological traits and colors, or how to put all together to understand rare and common species in rapidly changing landscapes</p>
Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trial: An Opportunity to Prevent Dementia. A Study of Potential Disease Modifying Treatments in Individuals at Risk for or With a Type of Early Onset Alzheimer's
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04623242. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 8. Publications: 13.
Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Trial: An Opportunity to Prevent Dementia: A Study of Potential Disease Modifying Treatments in Individuals at Risk for or With a Type of Early Onset Alzheimer's
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06424236. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 6. Publications: 13.
Data supporting: Drivers of individual-based, antagonistic interaction networks during plant range expansion
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Foliar herbivory pushes plant individuals towards the periphery of a plant-floral visitor interaction network
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Genetic assignment of individuals to source populations using network estimation tools
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Flower-visitor and pollen-load data provide complementary insight into species and individual network roles
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ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.