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Dataset and code to reproduce analysis on the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on malaria at Illovo Nchalo, Malawi
<p><strong>V3 edit: </strong>The latest R file contains extra lines of code to produce prediction intervals. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The repository contains:</strong></p> <p>- Excel sheets for each round of indoor residual spraying from 2014 - 2018 for villages based on the Illovo Nchalo Estate (provided by public health officer)</p> <p>- Weather data for 1999 - 2019 downloaded from Sasri Weather web for Malawi - Illovo Nchalo (Open access after signing up)</p> <p>- Explanation of variables downloaded from Sasri Weather Web</p> <p>- Expected population: number of residents living in Illovo clinic's catchment areas based on 2016 and 2019 census. Linear interpolation for the other years</p> <p>- Malaria data per month per clinic from the public health officer's records at Illovo Nchalo for 7 clinics for 2014 - 2018</p> <p>- Malaria data downloaded and selected from DHIS2 (access upon request and approval)</p> <p>- R file to reproduce figures, tables, and results for the paper under submission for PLOS GPH</p> <p>- Geopackages of data that is not open-source already to reproduce the map in figure 1</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description of IRS data:</strong></p> <p>- Village: Name of the villages based at Illovo being targeted for IRS</p> <p>- Target_spray: Number of structures within the village targeted for spraying</p> <p>- Sprayed: Number of structures actually sprayed</p> <p>- Date_start: Start date of the IRS campaign in a village</p> <p>- Date_end: End date of the IRS campaign in that village</p> <p>- Coverage_p: Percentage of structures sprayed calculated from "target_spray" and "sprayed"</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Notes on reconciling the different years of IRS:</strong></p> <p>1. Post office and D. compound have been added to Nkombedzi</p> <p>2. B compound has been added to Riverside/Mess</p> <p>3. The following villages attend the following clinics</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>The following villages attend the assigned clinics:</strong><br>- Mess and Bonksville -> Factory<br>- Mlambe and Paxman -> Mangulenje<br>- Sande Ranch -> Lengwe<br>- Mechanical Pool -> Mwanza</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description of the malaria data:</strong></p> <p>- Date, month, year</p> <p>- Time_dummy: 1 to 48, over the study period</p> <p>- Village: The name of the village the clinic is based in. In further analyses, this is referred to as "clinic" instead to avoid confusion.</p> <p>- Total_cases: total number of cases testing positive for malaria by RDT, or in a very small percentage of cases microscopy (only used when RDT gives inconclusive or conflicting results, or when symptoms persist with negative RDT). Cases_on + cases_off = total_cases</p> <p>- Cases_on: Number of malaria cases from residents of villages located within the boundaries of the Illovo estate</p> <p>- Cases_off: Number of malaria cases from residents of villages located (just) outside the boundaries of the Illovo estate</p> <p>- Total_patients: Total number of patients attending the clinic that month</p> <p> </p> <p>From the selected control clinics only "WHO NMCP P Confirmed malaria cases" was used to indicate the number of malaria cases and "CMED Total Population" to indicate the clinic catchment population. Further info on DHIS2 website. </p> <p> </p> <p>For further information don't hesitate to contact Remy Hoek Spaans. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 3 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
Fig. 3 Seasonal variation of sibling species (An. coluzzii and An. gambiae) in the study area. Abbreviations: DS, dry season; RS, rainy season
Fig. 2 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
Fig. 2 Mortality rate of Anopheles gambiae Kisumu (laboratory susceptible strain) after 30 min exposure to cement and mud walls treated with pirimiphos-methyl in 2017 (a) and 2018 (b). The red line indicates the WHO efficacy threshold (mortality of 80%) of an insecticide
Microdata on vector abundance and IRS quality assurance (Estimating the impact of indoor residual spraying on sandfly abundance and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in India from 2016 to 2022: an interrupted time-series analysis and modelling study)
<p>This repository contains the microdata on vector abundance and quality assurance of indoor residual spraying (IRS) that was used to estimate the impact of IRS on sandfly abundance and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India, as described in the paper "Estimating the impact of indoor residual spraying on sandfly abundance and incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in India from 2016 to 2022: an interrupted time-series analysis and modelling study" by Coffeng et al (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00420-1">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00420-1</a>). These data were collected as part of a BMGF-funded project led by dr. Michael Coleman at the Liverpool School for Tropical Medicine, as described in an earlier paper by Deb et al (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009101">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009101</a>).</p> <p>This repository does not include microdata on VL cases as these are owned by India's National Center for Vector Borne Disease Control (NCVBDC, <a href="https://ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener">https://ncvbdc.mohfw.gov.in/</a>).</p>
Fig. 4 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
Fig. 4 Parity rate of Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) collected in treated and control areas
Table 7 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 7</b> Indoor density of <i>An. gambiae</i> (<i>s.l</i>.) in IRS and control areas</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Period</th><th>Area</th><th>No. of rooms</th><th>No. collected</th><th>Density/room</th><th><i>P</i> -value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Before IRS (June–October 2016)</th><td>Baseline</td><td>610</td><td>1001</td><td>1.64</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>After 1st round of IRS (June–October 2017)</th><td>After IRS areas</td><td>673</td><td>273</td><td>0.41</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>After 1st round of IRS (June–September 2017)</th><td>After IRS areas</td><td>551</td><td>208</td><td>0.38</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Control areas</td><td>160</td><td>244</td><td>1.53</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>After 2nd round of IRS (June–August 2018)</th><td>After IRS areas</td><td>242</td><td>117</td><td>0.48</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Control areas</td><td>88</td><td>155</td><td>1.76</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 4 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 4</b> Biting location of <i>An. gambiae</i> (<i>s.l</i>.) in IRS and control areas</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Period</th><th>Area</th><th>Location</th><th>No. collected</th><th>Person/night</th><th>HBR (b/p/n)</th><th><i>P</i> -value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Before IRS (June–October 2016)</th><td>Future IRS</td><td>Indoor</td><td>1156</td><td>128</td><td>9.03</td><td>0.00098</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Outdoor</td><td>1002</td><td>128</td><td>7.83</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>After 1st IRS round (June–September 2017)</th><td>IRS</td><td>Indoor</td><td>544</td><td>112</td><td>4.86</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Outdoor</td><td>1150</td><td>112</td><td>10.27</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Control</td><td>Indoor</td><td>678</td><td>52</td><td>13.04</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Outdoor</td><td>446</td><td>52</td><td>8.58</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>After 2nd IRS round (June–August 2018)</th><td>IRS</td><td>Indoor</td><td>599</td><td>80</td><td>7.49</td><td>0.233</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Outdoor</td><td>642</td><td>80</td><td>8.03</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Control</td><td>Indoor</td><td>568</td><td>40</td><td>14.2</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>Outdoor</td><td>313</td><td>40</td><td>7.83</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>AbbreviatioNS</i>: HBR,human biting rate;b/p/n,bite/person/night</p>
Table 1 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 1</b> <i>Anopheles</i> species composition in surveyed areas before and after IRS</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><th>Before IRS (May 2016–April 2017)</th><th>After 1st round of IRS (June 2017–March 2018)</th><th>Control (Bembereke, Kouande)</th><th>After 2nd round of IRS (June 2018–November 2018)</th><th>Control (Bembereke– Kouande)</th><th>Total</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>An.gambiae</i> (<i>s.l</i>.)</th><td>2465</td><td>2379</td><td>1546</td><td>1286</td><td>929</td><td>8605</td></tr><tr><th><i>An.funestus</i></th><td>54</td><td>54</td><td>16</td><td>9</td><td>7</td><td>140</td></tr><tr><th><i>An.coustani</i></th><td>9</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th><i>An.pharoensis</i></th><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><th><i>An.paludis</i></th><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>An.nili</i></th><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>An.ziemanni</i></th><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><td>2534</td><td>2437</td><td>1567</td><td>1299</td><td>939</td><td>8776</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 3</b> Parity rates of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> (<i>s.l</i>.) collected before and after the first round IRS</p><table><tbody><tr><th>IRS area</th><th>Variable</th><th>Before IRS (June–October 2016)</th><th>After 1st round of IRS (June– October 2017)</th><th><i>Χ</i> 2-value</th><th><i>P</i> -value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Alibori-Donga</th><td>No. dissected</td><td>1422</td><td>1214</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>No. parous</td><td>996</td><td>457</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Parous (%)</td><td>70.04</td><td>37.64</td><td>276.57</td><td><0.0001</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 2</b> Frequency of sibling species of the <i>An. gambiae</i> (<i>s.l.</i>) complex in IRS and control areas</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Period</th><th>No. of</th><th>Alibori (IRS Area 1)</th><th></th><th>Donga (IRS Area 2)</th><th></th><th>Total (IRS Areas)</th><th></th><th>Bembereke (Control area)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>analysed samples in IRS areas</td><td><i>An. gambiae</i></td><td><i>An.coluzzii</i></td><td><i>An. arabiensis</i></td><td><i>An. gambiae</i></td><td><i>An. coluzzii</i></td><td><i>An. arabiensis</i></td><td><i>An. gambiae</i></td><td><i>An. coluzzii</i></td><td><i>An. arabiensis</i></td><td><i>An. gambiae</i></td><td><i>An. coluzzii</i></td><td><i>An.arabiensis</i></td></tr><tr><th>Before IRS (May 2016–October 2016)</th><td>980</td><td>170</td><td>271</td><td>0</td><td>387</td><td>152</td><td>0</td><td>557</td><td>423</td><td>0</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>After IRS (June 2017–November 2018)</th><td>1794</td><td>466</td><td>176</td><td>17</td><td>520</td><td>147</td><td>5</td><td>986</td><td>323</td><td>22</td><td>277</td><td>181</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Proportion (%)</th><td>–</td><td>70.71</td><td>26.70</td><td>2.57</td><td>77.38</td><td>21.87</td><td>0.74</td><td>74.07</td><td>24.26</td><td>1.65</td><td>59.82</td><td>39.09</td><td>1.07</td></tr><tr><th>Total (Before+after IRS)</th><td>2774</td><td>636</td><td>447</td><td>17</td><td>907</td><td>299</td><td>5</td><td>1543</td><td>746</td><td>22</td><td>277</td><td>181</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>Proportion (%)</th><td>–</td><td>57.81</td><td>40.63</td><td>1.54</td><td>74.89</td><td>24.69</td><td>0.41</td><td>66.76</td><td>32.28</td><td>0.95</td><td>59.82</td><td>39.09 1.07</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 8 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 8</b> Blood-feeding rates in <i>An. gambiae</i> (<i>s.l.</i>) in treated and control areas</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Period</th><th>Area</th><th>No. collected</th><th>Unfed</th><th>Fed</th><th>Gravid</th><th>Half-gravid</th><th>Bloodfeeding rate %</th><th><i>P</i> -value</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Before IRS:June–October 2016</th><td>IRS areas</td><td>1001</td><td>26</td><td>922</td><td>12</td><td>41</td><td>96.20</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>After 1st round of IRS:June–October 2017</th><td></td><td>273</td><td>99</td><td>171</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>63.37</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>After 1st round of IRS:June–September 2017</th><td>IRS areas</td><td>208</td><td>78</td><td>129</td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>62.5</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Control areas</td><td>244</td><td>16</td><td>187</td><td>31</td><td>10</td><td>80.74</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 6 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 6</b> Human-biting rate, sporozoite index and entomological inoculation rate in IRS and control areas</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Variable</th><th>After 1st IRS campaign (June–September 2017)</th><th>After 2nd IRS campaign (June–August 2018)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>IRS areas</td><td>Control areas</td><td>Reduction (%)</td><td>IRS areas</td><td>Control areas</td><td>Reduction (%)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(Alibori–Donga)</td><td>(Bembereke–Kouande)</td><td>(Alibori–Donga)</td><td>(Bembereke–Kouande)</td></tr><tr><th>HBR/night</th><td>7.56</td><td>10.81</td><td>–</td><td>7.76</td><td>11.01</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>SI (%)</th><td>0.71</td><td>3.7</td><td>80.81</td><td>0.6</td><td>3</td><td>80</td></tr><tr><th>EIR (ib/person/night)</th><td>0.053</td><td>0.403</td><td>–</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.325</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>EIR (ib/person/month)</th><td>1.6</td><td>12.11</td><td>86.78</td><td>1.5</td><td>9.75</td><td>84.61</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>AbbreviatioNS</i>: SI,sporozoite index;HBR,human-biting rate;EIR,entomological inoculation rate;ib,infective bite</p>
Table 5 in Efficacy of Actellic 300 CS-based indoor residual spraying on key entomological indicators of malaria transmission in Alibori and Donga, two regions of northern Benin
<p><b>Table 5</b> Human-biting rate, sporozoite index and entomological inoculation rate in Alibori and Donga regions (IRS areas) before and after the first round of IRS 2017</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Region</th><th>Variable</th><th>Before IRS (June–October 2016)</th><th>After 1st round of IRS (June– October 2017)</th><th>Reduction (%)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>IRS areas (Alibori, Donga)</th><td>HBR/night</td><td>8.43</td><td>7.37</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>SI (%)</td><td>8.4</td><td>1.2</td><td>85.71</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>EIR (ib/person/night)</td><td>0.707</td><td>0.09</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>EIR (ib/person/month)</td><td>21.21</td><td>2.7</td><td>87.27</td></tr></tbody></table><p><i>AbbreviatioNS</i>: SI,sporozoite index;HBR,human-biting rate;EIR,entomological inoculating rate;ib,infected bite</p>
Quantifying the Epidemiological Impact of Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying on Aedes-borne Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04343521. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 6.
The impact of indoor residual spraying on Plasmodium falciparum microsatellite variation in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Ghana, West Africa
<p>Here, we report the first population genetic study to examine the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) on Plasmodium falciparum in humans. This study was conducted in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Bongo District, Ghana. IRS was implemented during the dry season (November-May) in three consecutive years between 2013 and 2015 to reduce transmission and attempt to bottleneck the parasite population in humans towards lower diversity with greater linkage disequilibrium. The study was done against a background of widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets, typical for contemporary malaria control in West Africa. Microsatellite genotyping with 10 loci was used to construct 392 P. falciparum multilocus infection haplotypes collected from two age-stratified cross-sectional surveys at the end of the wet seasons pre- and post-IRS. Three-rounds of IRS, under operational conditions, led to a >90% reduction in transmission intensity and a 35.7% reduction in the P. falciparum prevalence (p < .001). Despite these declines, population genetic analysis of the infection haplotypes revealed no dramatic changes with only a slight, but significant increase in genetic diversity (H<sub>e</sub> : pre-IRS = 0.79 vs. post-IRS = 0.81, p = .048). Reduced relatedness of the parasite population (p < .001) was observed post-IRS, probably due to decreased opportunities for outcrossing. Spatiotemporal genetic differentiation between the pre- and post-IRS surveys (D = 0.0329 [95% CI: 0.0209 - 0.0473], p = .034) was identified. These data provide a genetic explanation for the resilience of P. falciparum to short-term IRS programmes in high-transmission settings in sub-Saharan Africa.</p>
Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying Against Malaria
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02556242. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Evaluation of a Novel Long Lasting Insecticidal Net and Indoor Residual Spray Product
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02288637. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 13.
The Combined Use of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Long-lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) for Malaria Prevention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01697852. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Nets versus spraying: a spatial modelling approach reveals indoor residual spraying targets Anopheles mosquito habitats better than mosquito nets in Tanzania
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The impact of indoor residual spraying on Plasmodium falciparum microsatellite variation in an area of high seasonal malaria transmission in Ghana, West Africa
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