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Figure 4 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Figure 4. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the upper-surface of leaves sprayed with water (control), Silical®, Postar®, and Ultrafit® to visualize the diversity of trichome types (glandular: GT and non-glandular: NGT) and densities for tomato cultivars K-186 F1 and 023 F1.

Figure 2 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Figure 2. Population of movable stages of Tetranychus urticae on tomato leaves over old 3–13 weeks after transplanting for two cultivars treated with commercial stimulants during the 2017 and 2018 summer seasons. Ultrafat * applied by adding to soil below the plants. Columns with the same letter represent means that are not significantly different according to Tukey's multiple range test (p <0.05). Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (n = 36).

Figure 1 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Figure 1. Population of movable stages of Tetranychus urticae on tomato leaves of several plant ages for cultivars K186 F1 and 023 F1 treated with some commercial stimulants during the 2017 (A) and 2018 (B) summer seasons. Population at three weeks after transplanting was immediately before treatment. Columns with the same letter represent means that are not significantly different according to Tukey's multiple range test (p <0.05). Vertical bars represent ± standard error of the mean (n = 21).

Figure 3 in Efficiency of some commercial stimulants in inducing tomato resistance to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Figure 3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the lower-surface of leaves sprayed with water (control), Silical®, Postar®, and Ultrafit® to visualize the diversity of trichome types (glandular: GT and non-glandular: NGT) and densities for tomato cultivars K-186 F1 and 023 F1.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

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Data for: Microbe-induced plant resistance alters aphid inter-genotypic competition leading to rapid evolution with consequences for plant growth and aphid abundance

Plants and insect herbivores are two of the most diverse multicellular groups in the world, and both are strongly influenced by interactions with the belowground soil microbiome. Effects of reciprocal rapid evolution on ecological interactions between herbivores and plants have been repeatedly demonstrated, but it is unknown if (and how) the soil microbiome could mediate these eco-evolutionary processes on a shared host plant. We tested the role of a plant-beneficial soil bacterium (Acidovorax radicis) in altering eco-evolutionary interactions between different aphid genotypes (Sitobion avenae; genotypes Sickte and Fescue) feeding on barley (Hordeum vulgare). We measured fecundity, longevity and population growth of two aphid genotypes reared separately or together (population mixture) on three different barley varieties that were inoculated with or without A. radicis. Results showed that across all plant varieties A. radicis increased plant growth and suppressed aphid populations via reduced longevity and fecundity. The strength of effect was dependent on aphid genotype and barley variety, while the direction of effect was altered by aphid population mixture. Using Lotka-Volterra modelling, we demonstrated that while A. radicis inoculation decreased growth rates for both aphid genotypes it increased the competitiveness of one genotype against the other. In general, in the presence of A. radicis, the Fescue aphid genotype became more inhibitory of Sickte aphids, while Sickte aphids facilitated the growth of Fescue aphids. Our work demonstrates that plant rhizosphere microbiomes exert community-level influences by mediating eco-evolutionary interactions between herbivores and host plants. By altering competitive interaction outcomes among aphids and thus impacting processes such as rapid evolution, soil microbes contribute to the short- and long-term structure and functioning of terrestrial habitats.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Open data for the article "Low-resistivity, high-resolution W-C electrical contacts fabricated by direct-write focused electron beam induced deposition"

Open data for the article "Low-resistivity, high-resolution W-C electrical contacts fabricated by direct-write focused electron beam induced deposition", which will be published in Open Research Europe

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Use of chemical inducers as a resistance trigger in Brachiaria grasses and sugarcane

Fig. 2. Mean (± SE) of dry matter in Brachiaria shoots in relation to cultivar (A), inducer (B), and the interaction between cultivar and inducer in Brachiaria roots (C), in sugarcane shoots in relation to the interaction between cultivar and inducer (D), and in sugarcane roots in relation to cultivar (E) and inducer (F). Bars with the same lowercase letter comparing cultivars and bars with uppercase letters comparing inducers do not differ by the Scott Knott test (P <0.05).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Use of chemical inducers as a resistance trigger in Brachiaria grasses and sugarcane

Fig. 1. Mean (± SE) of total phenolic compounds in Brachiaria shoots in relation to cultivar (A), inducer (B), and the interaction between cultivar and inducer in roots (C), in sugarcane shoots in relation to cultivar (D), and inducer (E), and in sugarcane roots in relation to cultivar (F) and inducer (G). Bars with the same lowercase letter comparing cultivars and bars with uppercase letters comparing inducers do not differ by the Scott Knott test (P <0.05).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Figure 2 in Silicon derivatives induced host plant resistance against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in eggplants farms

Figure 2. (A) Silicon leaf, total protein and phenol contents, (B) Activity of POD, CAT, and PPO of S. melongena- treated plants. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different using Tukey's HSD Test at P <0.05. T1 = Control, T2 = OSAB 2 mL L−1, T3= OSAB 4 mL L−1, T4= Silica K 2 mL L−1, and T5 = Silica K 4 mL L−1.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Figure 1 in Silicon derivatives induced host plant resistance against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in eggplants farms

Figure 1. Mean number ± SE of the different stages of T. urticae on S. melongena leaves 10, 30 and 50 days after spraying (DAS). Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different using Tukey's HSD at P <0.05. T1 = Control, T2 = OSAB 2 mL L−1, T3 = OSAB 4 mL L−1, T4 = Silica K 2 mL L−1, and T5 = Silica K 4 mL L−1.

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Data for: Microbe-induced plant resistance alters aphid inter-genotypic competition leading to rapid evolution with consequences for plant growth and aphid abundance

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

publicJan 2024View details →

opencc-zeroOct 2020View details →

Short-term resistance that persists: Rapidly induced silicon anti-herbivore defence affects carbon-based plant defences

1. Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate diverse biotic and abiotic stresses including insect herbivory. Si accumulation in plants, notably the Poaceae, can be induced through stimulation of the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway (associated with chewing herbivores). Nevertheless, the temporal dynamics of Si accumulation as a defence response and its consequential effects on carbon-based defences (e.g. phenolics), particularly in the short-term, remain unclear. 2. The model grass Brachypodium distachyon was grown in a hydroponic solution where half the plants were supplemented with 2 mM potassium silicate and half had no Si supplied. Plants were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as a form of standardised simulated herbivory. We measured Si accumulation, the phytohormones JA and salicylic acid (SA), and carbon-based defences over 24 hours to determine the temporal dynamics of Si accumulation and the interplay between Si, simulated herbivory and plant defence machinery. 3. MeJA-induced Si accumulation occurred as early as 6 hours after treatment via increased JA concentrations. Si supplementation decreased SA concentrations, which could have implications on additional downstream defences. We show a trade-off between Si and phenolics in untreated plants, but this relationship was weakened upon MeJA treatment. Further, this trade-off did not apply to phenolic precursor compounds such as phenylalanine. 4. We provide evidence for rapidly induced Si accumulation associated with herbivory, and that increased Si accumulation impacts on phytohormones and carbon-based defences over a 24-hour period. Additionally, herbivory modifies the relationship between Si- and carbon-based defences. Thus, in addition to its well-documented role as a long-term defence against herbivores, we demonstrate that, over short-term temporal scales, Si accumulation responds to herbivore signals and impacts on plant defence machinery.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Acceleration or deceleration of litter decomposition by herbivory depends on nutrient availability through intraspecific differences in induced plant resistance traits

1. Herbivores often induce changes in plant defensive chemistry or nutrient content that may respectively inhibit or promote microbial decomposition of senesced litter. Often the directional impact of herbivores on decomposition is considered to be a property of a species or ecosystem. While rarely explored, intraspecific plasticity in the induction of defensive strategies across environmental gradients may also result in divergent impacts of herbivores on decomposition (deceleration vs. acceleration). 2. Here, we examined how soil nutrient conditions determine after-life effects of herbivory, using nine goldenrod (Solidago altissima) genotypes grown across four levels of nutrient supply and with or without grasshopper herbivory. In this species, herbivory induces defensive traits in genotypes grown in high soil nutrient conditions but induces tolerance (compensatory growth) in low nutrient conditions. We combined senesced litter from each treatment with a common soil inoculum in experimental microcosms and measured soil respiration and litter mass loss over 100 days as estimates of decomposition. 3. Plant genotype, nutrient environment, and herbivory all had significant effects on decomposition. The legacy effect of herbivory overwhelmed the positive effects of high soil nutrient supply on decomposition. This significant herbivory nutrient environment interaction meant that herbivore-induced plants grown in high nutrient environments produced litter that was more resistant to microbial breakdown than litter from the same genotype not exposed to herbivory. But the opposite occurred at low nutrient levels where litter from herbivore-induced plants was most readily decomposed. Further we mechanistically tie nutrient and herbivory legacy treatments to decomposition rates through predictable changes in leaf trait expression. Lastly, we demonstrate a significant correlation among herbivore growth rates on the living tissue and decomposition efficiencies by the microbial community of the senesced tissue, suggesting that herbivores and microbes perceive the "quality" of the induced substrate similarly. 4. Synthesis: Herbivore-induced changes in leaf palatability and trait expression due to defense induction or compensatory growth can cascade through to either promote or inhibit the decomposability of leaf litter within a single species. These findings offer mechanistic understanding of how spatial heterogeneity in ecosystem process rates can be generated by spatial variation in herbivory and nutrient availability.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Parasitoids of leaf herbivores enhance plant fitness and do not alter caterpillar-induced resistance against seed beetles

1. Organisms of the third trophic level can indirectly interact with plants. However, whether parasitoids of herbivores have a positive effect on plant fitness has been controversial. In addition to possible effects on plant fitness, parasitoid-mitigated herbivory can modify plant physiological responses and thereby alter the plant-mediated indirect interactions between different herbivore species. These types of indirect multitrophic interactions remain largely unexplored. Thus, to understand the full effect of the third trophic level on plants, it is necessary to consider the context of the community of interacting species, both herbivores and their enemies. 2. Here, we investigated if parasitoids of leaf-feeding caterpillars affect plant fitness (seed quantity and quality) and the consequences for seed-dwelling insects at the second and third trophic levels through plant mediated effects. To test this, we exposed lima bean plants (Phaseolus lunatus), under controlled field conditions, to unparasitized caterpillars (Spodoptera latifascia) or caterpillars that were parasitized by the parasitoid species Cotesia marginiventris. Later in the season, we measured seed production and infestation by seed beetles and their parasitoids. 3. We found that parasitoids significantly reduced the leaf damage inflicted by the caterpillars, such that the plants suffered no loss in seed production. Yet, parasitoids had no effect on the emergence of seed beetles (Zabrotes subfasciatus and Acanthoscelides obtectus), which was equally reduced in plants attacked by unparasitized and by parasitized caterpillars. Seeds from undamaged plants were significantly more attacked by Z. subfasciatus beetles. Parasitism rates of seed beetle larvae were similar for all treatments. 4. Although parasitized caterpillars did not damage the plants enough to reduce seed production (unlike unparasitized caterpillars), the damage they inflicted induced resistance against other herbivores. Taken together, these results reveal how parasitoids can indirectly enhance plant fitness in the context of the local ecological networks. These findings have significant implications for natural and agricultural systems since they reveal that the indirect interaction between plants and parasitoids can be beneficial in communities with multiple herbivore species.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Microbe-induced plant resistance against insect pests depends on timing of inoculation, but is consistent across climatic conditions

<ol> <li>To cope with abiotic and biotic stressors, plants have developed mutualistic associations with beneficial soil microbes, but little is known about how extreme abiotic conditions impact microbe-induce resistance to insect herbivores.</li> <li>Extreme temperatures are often accompanied by extremes in plant water availability, which together reduce plant growth and change plant physiology. There are potential consequences for increasing plant susceptibility to biotic stresses, and this poses a real challenge for plant productivity.</li> <li>We evaluated how the effects of beneficial soil bacteria (Acidovorax radicis N35e) on barley plant growth and resultant resistance against aphid infestation (Sitobion avenae) were impacted by a single heatwave event across a plant water availability gradient. We also tested if timing of bacterial inoculation (before or after the temperature treatment) affected bacteria-plant interactions on aphids.</li> <li>We found that heatwaves affected plant biomass allocation from aboveground to belowground tissues. Inoculation with A. radicis led to reduction of aphid numbers, but depended on timing of inoculation, and led to stronger resistance when inoculations occurred closer to aphid infestation. Remarkably, microbe-induced resistance against aphids was consistent across heatwave and water availability treatments.</li> <li>This study provides evidence that beneficial plant-bacteria interactions may represent a potential solution for sustainable agricultural practices to enhance plant growth and response to insect pests under climate change. Future field trials should investigate the consistency of beneficial effects reported here for a better understanding of multispecies interactions in the context of global change.</li> </ol>

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Data for manuscript sumitted to Open Research Europe, entitled "Low-resistivity, high-resolution W-C electrical contacts fabricated by direct-write focused electron beam induced deposition"

These are the data obtained experimentally and used to draw the figures in the article submitted to Open Research Europe

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →