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43 results for “insect development”
Insect Development
<p>Data on the <a href="http://eol.org/schema/terms/DevelopmentalMode">developmental modes</a> of insects derived from the following sources:</p> <p>Belles, Xavier. 2011. Origin and Evolution of Insect Metamorphosis. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0022854">https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0022854</a></p> <p>Štys, P. and Šobotník, J., 1999. Comments on classifications of insect ontogenies, and occurrence of proneometabolous wing development in termite genus Prorhinotermes (Hexapoda: Isoptera). Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem, 63, pp.483-492.</p> <p>Truman, J.W., 2019. The evolution of insect metamorphosis. Current Biology, 29(23), pp.R1252-R1268. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.009 </a></p> <p>Vea, I. M. and Minakuchi, C. 2021. Atypical insects: molecular mechanisms of unusual life history strategies. Current Opinion in Insect Science 43:46-53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.09.016">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2020.09.016</a></p>
(c) simulation on Repast: after queen adaptive development-MODELING SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS WITH SOCIAL INSECTS ALGORITHMS
<p>On figures (b) and (c), simulations on RePast [11, 16, 18] are<br> provided at successive times. The last figure shows the adaptive mechanism<br> of the queen which grows with time according to the material density around<br> it, like in natural observations.</p>
Fig. 7 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 7. The average Eldana saccharina larval infestation with the passage of time simulated for the SIT/IS pilot site near the Eston area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa with weekly releases commencing only in fields of age at most 6 mo at the start of the release. Time, t, is measured in days. The density, e/100s, is the number of borers, e, per 100 stalks of sugarcane. The graph shows that the average infestation level in the second yr of the control program is substantially reduced.
Fig. 5 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 5. The discretization of the spatial domain. On the lef a typical sugarcane field layout is illustrated with different colors representing crop age, and on the right the discretized domain corresponding to the area within the red square. This was done by transforming the spatial information obtained from the shapefiles to a matrix data structure in Matlab containing the entries '0', '1' and '2' denoting non-sugarcane patches, patches inside a field and edge patches, respectively. In the right half of the figure these data are represented by white, blue and green, respectively.
Fig. 4. A in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 4. A model representing sugarcane dynamics as currently implemented in the simulation tool for the field application of a SIT/IS strategy against Eldana saccharina in sugarcane.
Fig. 3 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 3. The Eldana saccharina module developed in this study. The module describes the dynamics of all E. saccharina life stages under the influence of the SIT/IS technique. Other control measures may also be included, and are currently under investigation.
Fig. 6 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 6. The graphical user interface designed for the SIT/IS simulation tool for the field application of a SIT/IS strategy against Eldana saccharina in sugarcane. The initial infestation, e/100s, is the number of borers per 100 stalks of sugarcane.
Fig. 2 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 2. The pest species subsystem which may include all the important pest species in South African sugarcane.The total damage caused by the various pest species may be estimated by such a system. Currently, only the Eldana saccharina module has been developed.
Fig. 9. A in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 9. A spatial overview of the Eldana saccharina larval infestation at the end of a 24 mo simulation of a SIT/IS program at the pilot site near the Eston area of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The colors indicate infestation levels measured in e/100 stalks, i.e., number of borers per 100 stalks of sugarcane. The fields colored in dark blue in the top right corner are aged 0, 1 and 2 mo, and they were harvested just before the end of the simulation; therefore the infestation levels are still low and this is before the commencement of releases of irradiated adult moths.
Fig. 3 in Characterization of sounds in maize produced by internally feeding insects: investigations to develop inexpensive devices for detection of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small-scale storage facilities in sub-Saharan Africa
Fig. 3. Effects of distance on detectability of larval sound impulses. Horizontal axis indicates the mean distance between the larval pouch and the sensor; vertical axis indicates the log10-transformed mean rate of impulses detected at that distance. Bars indicate the standard error of mean transformed rate.
Fig. 1 in Characterization of sounds in maize produced by internally feeding insects: investigations to develop inexpensive devices for detection of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small-scale storage facilities in sub-Saharan Africa
Fig. 1. Spectral profiles of 4 distinctive types of larval sound impulses detected in cracked corn: HaNb, solid line; Ma, dashed line, Ha, dash-dot-dotted line, and La, dotted line. Horizontal axis indicates frequency in kHz and vertical axis indicates relative spectrum amplitude in dB.
Fig. 2 in Characterization of sounds in maize produced by internally feeding insects: investigations to develop inexpensive devices for detection of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in small-scale storage facilities in sub-Saharan Africa
Fig. 2. Oscillogram of sound impulses recorded 10 cm from pouch containing Sitophilus oryzae larvae. Examples of 3 types of larval sound impulse occur during the 1 s period, and one example each of type (Ha, La, and HaNb) is marked above the impulse. Horizontal axis indicates time in seconds and vertical axis indicates relative signal amplitude.
Fig. 3 in Effect of BAM-FX in developing a management program to control major insect pests of tomato: sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and their transmitted viruses
Fig. 3. Mean number of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) per 5 leaf sample of tomato treated with various treatments of BAM‑FX and N‑P‑K granular fertilizer in 2016. Bars represent standard error of the means. T1 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T2 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T3 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T4 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T5 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T6 = no BAM‑FX, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T7 = no BAM‑FX, no pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; D1 = first sampling date (14 Dec); D2 = second sampling date (21 Dec); D3 = third sampling date (21 Dec); D4 = fourth sampling date (28 Dec); D5 = fifth sampling date (4 Jan); D6 = sixth sampling date (11 Jan).
Fig. 2 in Effect of BAM-FX in developing a management program to control major insect pests of tomato: sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and their transmitted viruses
Fig. 2. Mean number of common blossom thrips (Frankliniella schultzei) per 5 leaf sample of tomato treated with various treatments of BAM‑FX and N‑P‑K granular fertilizer in 2016. Bars represent standard error of the means. T1 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T2 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, no pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T3 = BAM‑FX applied on soil, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T4 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, no N‑P‑K fertilizer; T5 = BAM‑FX applied on foliage, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T6 = no BAM‑FX, pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; T7 = no BAM‑FX, no pesticide, N‑P‑K fertilizer; D1 = first sampling date (14 Dec); D2 = second sampling date (21 Dec); D3 = third sampling date (21 Dec); D4 = fourth sampling date (28 Dec); D5 = fifh sampling date (4 Jan); D6 = 6th sampling date (11 Jan).
Data from: Changes in gene expression during female reproductive development in a colour polymorphic insect
<p>Pleiotropy (multiple phenotypic effects of single genes) and epistasis (gene interaction) have key roles in the development of complex phenotypes, especially in polymorphic taxa. The development of discrete and heritable phenotypic polymorphisms often emerges from major-effect genes that interact with other loci and have pleiotropic effects on multiple traits. We quantified gene expression changes during ontogenetic colour development in a polymorphic insect (damselfly: <i>Ischnura elegans</i>), with three heritable female morphs, one being a male mimic. This female colour polymorphism is maintained by male mating harassment and sexual conflict. Using transcriptome sequencing and <i>de novo</i> assembly, we demonstrate that all three morphs downregulate gene expression during early colour development. The morphs become increasingly differentiated during sexual maturation and when developing adult colouration. These different ontogenetic trajectories arise because the male-mimic shows accelerated (heterochronic) development, compared to the other female morphs. Many loci with regulatory functions in reproductive development are differentially regulated in the male-mimic, including upstream and downstream regulators of ecdysone signalling and transcription factors potentially influencing sexual differentiation. Our results suggest that long-term sexual conflict does not only maintain this polymorphism, but has also modulated the evolution of gene expression profiles during colour development of these sympatric female morphs.</p>
Fig. 1 in Simulation modelling as a decision support in developing a sterile insect-inherited sterility release strategy for Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Fig. 1. The system designed for simulating pest species dynamics in sugarcane.
Data from: Persistent inner tepals and wings protect developing seeds of Rheum nanum from insect herbivory in Central Asian cold deserts
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Data from: Changes in gene expression during female reproductive development in a colour polymorphic insect
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Thermal performance under constant temperatures can accurately predict insect development times across naturally variable microclimates
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Data from: Reprograming of epigenetic mechanisms controlling host insect immunity and development in response to egg-laying by a parasitoid wasp
<p>Parasitoids are insects that use other insects as hosts. They sabotage host cellular and humoral defenses to promote the survival of their offspring by injecting viruses and venoms along with their eggs. Many pathogens and parasites disrupt host epigenetic mechanisms to overcome immune system defenses, and we hypothesized that parasitoids may utilize the same strategy. We used the ichneumon wasp Pimpla turionellae as a model idiobiont parasitoid to test this hypothesis, with pupae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella as the host. We found that parasitoid infestation involves the suppression of host immunity-related effector genes and the modulation of host genes involved in developmental hormone signaling. The transcriptional reprogramming of host genes following the injection of parasitoid eggs was associated with changes in host epigenetic mechanisms. The introduction of parasitoids resulted in a transient decrease in host global DNA methylation and the modulation of acetylation ratios for specific histones. Genes encoding regulators of histone acetylation and deacetylation were mostly downregulated in the parasitized pupae, suggesting that parasitoids can suppress host transcription. We also detected a strong parasitoid-specific effect on host microRNAs regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Our data therefore support the hypothesis that parasitoids may favor the survival of their offspring by interfering with host epigenetic mechanisms to suppress the immune system and disrupt development.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.