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7 results for “insect dormancy”
Figure 3 in A unique seasonal cycle in a leaf gall-inducing insect: the formation of stem galls for dormancy
Figure 3. Light micrographs of the Pseudotectococcus rolliniae metathoracic leg distal portion. (A) Exuviae from the first moult. (B) Crawler (5first instar). (C) Leaf nymph (5secondinstar). Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 5 in A unique seasonal cycle in a leaf gall-inducing insect: the formation of stem galls for dormancy
Figure 5. (A,E) Rollinia laurifolia stems: scanning electron micrographs showing Pseudotectococcus rollinae nymphs. (B–D, F) Photomicrographs of transverse sections of dormancy galls. (A,B) Crawler (5first-instar nymph) inside a dormancy gall. (C) Sudan Red B test showing plant cuticle (arrow) delimiting the dormancy gall concavity. (D) Exuviae from the first moult left inside a dormancy gall. (E) Crawler (5first-instar nymph) before dormancy starting. (F) Stem nymph (5stationary crawler) with its stylets (arrow) inserted into stem tissues inducing a dormancy gall. Crawler (cr), exuviae (ex), phelloderm (pd). Scale bars: 100 mm (A,B, D–F), 50 mm (C).
Figure 4 in A unique seasonal cycle in a leaf gall-inducing insect: the formation of stem galls for dormancy
Figure 4. Rollinia laurifolia lenticel ontogenesis. (A) Young stem with epidermis covered by cuticle and adjacent cortical parenchyma. (B) Phellogen differentiation from the external cortical parenchyma layer. (C) Young lenticel with first divisions of phellogen and suber deposition. (D) Mature lenticel with complementary cells (white arrow) and closing layer (black arrow). Cortical parenchyma (cp), epidermis (ep), phellogen (pg). Scale bar: 25 mm (A– C), 100 mm (D).
Figure 2 in A unique seasonal cycle in a leaf gall-inducing insect: the formation of stem galls for dormancy
Figure 2. Pseudotectococcus rolliniae scanning electron micrographs (A–C, E) and photomicrographs (D,F). (A) Stem nymphs (5first instar5''stationary crawlers'') located into dormancy galls. (B) Detail of a stem nymph under dormancy, showing body wax exudation covering. (C,D) Leaf nymphs (5second-instar) collected from surfaces of young leaves. (E) Crawler, still inside leaf gall. (F) Exuviae, found in dormancy stem gall. Scale bars: 500 mm (A), 50 mm (B), 100 mm (C,D), 50 mm (E,F).
Figure 1 in A unique seasonal cycle in a leaf gall-inducing insect: the formation of stem galls for dormancy
Figure 1. Schematic representation of Pseudotectococcus rollinae annual life cycle on Rollinia laurifolia plants. Numbers from two to four represent nymphal instars.
Data from: One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality
Evolutionary change in the timing of dormancy enables animals and plants to adapt to changing seasonal environments and can result in ecological speciation. Despite its clear biological importance, the mechanisms underlying the evolution of dormancy timing in animals remain poorly understood because of a lack of anatomical landmarks to discern which phase of dormancy an individual is experiencing. Taking advantage of the nearly universal characteristic of metabolic suppression during insect dormancy (diapause), we use patterns of respiratory metabolism to document physiological landmarks of dormancy and test which of the distinct phases of the dormancy developmental pathway contribute to a month-long shift in diapause timing between a pair of incipient moth species. Here, we show that divergence in life cycle between the earlier-emerging E-strain and the later-emerging Z-strain of European corn borer (ECB) is clearly explained by a delay in the timing of the developmental transition from the diapause maintenance phase to the termination phase. Along with recent findings indicating that life-cycle differences between ECB strains stem from allelic variation at a single sex-linked locus, our results demonstrate how dramatic shifts in animal seasonality can result from simple developmental and genetic changes. Although characterizing the multiple phases of the diapause developmental programme in other locally adapted populations and species will undoubtedly yield surprises about the nature of animal dormancy, results in the ECB moth suggest that focusing on genetic variation in the timing of the dormancy termination phase may help explain how (or whether) organisms rapidly respond to global climate change, expand their ranges after accidental or managed introductions, undergo seasonal adaptation, or evolve into distinct species through allochronic isolation.
Data from: One phase of the dormancy developmental pathway is critical for the evolution of insect seasonality
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