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103 results for “insect pollinators”
Figure 5 in Contribution of Insect Pollination to Macadamia integrifolia Production in Hawaii
Figure 5. Mean (± SE) macadamia nut yield for open-pollination and insect exclusion treatments for year I and II combined. Bars with different letters were significantly different (P <0.0001) Students t-test.
Figure 2 in Contribution of Insect Pollination to Macadamia integrifolia Production in Hawaii
Figure 2. (A) Immature macadamia inflorescence, (B) macadamia inflorescence one day before opening with a syrphid, Ornidia obesa, and (C) macadamia inflorescence that has flowers completely open with a honeybee, Apis mellifera.
Figure 4 in Contribution of Insect Pollination to Macadamia integrifolia Production in Hawaii
Figure 4. (A) Initial fruit set per raceme at 14 days after flowering, and (B) fruit retention at 2 months (2010, n = 10) and 3 months (2011, n = 40) after flowering (means ± SE). Bars with different letters (within a year) were significantly different (P <0.001), Students t-tests.
Figure 1 in Contribution of Insect Pollination to Macadamia integrifolia Production in Hawaii
Figure 1. Map of orchard at the University of Hawaii Waimanalo Research Station showing transect route.
Figure 3 in Contribution of Insect Pollination to Macadamia integrifolia Production in Hawaii
Figure 3. Progression of a macadamia flower: (A) macadamia flower one day before opening with its pistil beginning to emerge from perianth and creating a loop, (B) macadamia flower that has just opened, note pollen on the stigma, (C) two days old, note stigma is free of pollen, (D) three days old, and (E) four days old, petaloid sepals have turned brown and will soon drop off. Stigma is receptive around 2–3 days.
Figure 3 in Pollination and breeding system in two sympatric Fuchsia (Onagraceae) species at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Brazil): Hummingbirds, insects and facultative self-pollination
Figure 3. Importance Value Index (IVI) for the pollinators of Fuchsia campos-portoi, F. regia, and the overall for both species (Total).
Figure 2. A-D in Pollination and breeding system in two sympatric Fuchsia (Onagraceae) species at the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia (Brazil): Hummingbirds, insects and facultative self-pollination
Figure 2. A-D. Pollinators of F. regia. A and B. Clytolaema rubricauda (Trochilidae) showing large amounts of pollen of F. regia on the throat (B). C and D. Acroceridae flies. E-H. pollinators of F. campos-portoi. E. and F. Stephanoxis lalandi (Trochilidae). Notice the pollen onto the throat (F). G. and H. Bombus brasiliensis (Apidae). Notice the stigmatic surface touching the bee's ventral region (H).
Fig. 4. Insects visiting Caesalpinia decapetala. A. Metasyrphus corollae. B. Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans. C. Celastrina argiolus. D. Bombus ardens ardens. E. Megachile japonica. F in Pollination biology of Caesalpinia decapetala (Leguminosae) in Korea
Fig. 4. Insects visiting Caesalpinia decapetala. A. Metasyrphus corollae. B. Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans. C. Celastrina argiolus. D. Bombus ardens ardens. E. Megachile japonica. F. Anastrangalia sequensi.
Fig. 2 in Importance of insect pollinators for Florida agriculture: a systematic review of the literature
Fig. 2. Heat map showing the relative contribution of insect pollinators to agriculture in each county in Florida. Values were calculated as acreage per crop per county*average pollinator contribution value per crop (proportion 0–1), summed across all plant-based crops in each county and divided by the county's total area.
Fig. 1. Example pollinator contribution value for 3 in Importance of insect pollinators for Florida agriculture: a systematic review of the literature
Fig. 1. Example pollinator contribution value for 3 hypothetical crops including banana (no value), tomatoes (moderate value), and watermelons (high value).
Linked collectors and determiners for: Pollinating insects of restored, managed freshwater marshes in central New York, USA..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Pollinating insects of restored, managed freshwater marshes in central New York, USA.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2319d633-3078-45ae-99e0-b58777b12f86">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2319d633-3078-45ae-99e0-b58777b12f86</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2319d633-3078-45ae-99e0-b58777b12f86">https://gbif.org/dataset/2319d633-3078-45ae-99e0-b58777b12f86</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Responses of insect pollinators to habitat fragmentation: A global meta-analysis
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Belowground competition alters attractiveness of an insect-pollinated plant to pollinators
<p>Dataset of paper "Belowground competition alters attractiveness of an insect-pollinated plant to pollinators", AOB Plants</p>
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress, however research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history, and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:<b> </b>Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:<b> </b>Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:<b> </b>Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>:<b> </b>Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.</span></p>
Data from: Insect pollinators show constancy for different flower traits between the most‐ and less‐preferred plants: a case study of the long‐proboscid tangle‐veined fly
<p>1. The coevolution of insect pollinators and their host plants is a typical example of natural selection; however, it remains unclear as to how insect pollinators avoid overdependence on one peculiar plant. As most insect pollinators exhibit a diet breadth when showing flower constancy, to determine the difference and similarity of most and less-preferred flowers by insect pollinators may be helpful to understand their trade-off between flower constancy and overdependence.</p> <p>2. We addressed this question in the long-proboscid tangle-veined fly (<i>Nemetrinus spp.</i>). Dietary investigation indicates that the flies show constancy for the morphological characteristic of the <i>Delphinium caeruleum</i>, which is the most preferred plant for this Nemestrinidae fly that has blue, long-tubed flowers.</p> <p>3. In a colour selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for white, which is the colour of less-preferred flowers by the fly in the natural environment. In a scent selection experiment, focal individuals showed obvious preference for <i>D. caeruleum </i>and <i>Dracocephalum heterophyllum</i>, but avoidance to <i>Dasiphora</i><i> fruticosa</i> and <i>Dasiphora davurica</i>. This indicates that long-proboscid tangle-veined flies can forage on other flowers, even the existing of constancy for <i>D. caeruleum</i>, as long as they do not hate the scent. It seems that long-proboscid tangle-veined flies can maximize foraging efficiency by showing constancy for the morphological characteristic of the most preferred plant and for the scent and colour of less-preferred plants.</p> <p>4. The tradeoff of long-proboscid tangle-veined fly in selection of nectar sources may be an adaptation to the risk of overdependence on one plant in evolution.</p>
Insect pollinator behavior as a function of distance to the nearest turbine
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Data associated with: A phylogenetic perspective on ecological specialisation reveals hummingbird and insect pollinators have generalist diets
<p>Specialisation in food resource use is a crucial process that fosters species coexistence in plant-animal networks, contributing to the maintenance of biodiversity, ecological complexity, and community stability. Notably, although there is a vast literature on ecological specialisation in pollination systems, the evolutionary similarity among the plant species visited by particular pollinators has been largely ignored. Here, we apply a robust phylogenetic approach to analyse whether the evolutionary relatedness of plant species is a significant factor in mediating pollinator visits and how it relates to the morphology of interacting species. We quantified ecological and clade specialisation of hummingbird and insect species in three mutualistic networks from the Costa Rican highlands and associated these metrics with species traits. We found that hummingbirds were overall ecologically more specialised than insects (i.e. visited a less diverse set of plant species). However, when evaluating the phylogenetic relatedness among the visited plant species, all hummingbird species and most insects had overdispersed diets, which indicates they visited phylogenetically distant plant species in the community. Moreover, a great proportion of these clade generalists visited plant species with a great variation in corolla length, showing a lack of preference for this morphological trait. Altogether, our results demonstrate that by incorporating plant phylogeny to network analysis, pollinator species were generalists and that corolla length weakly influences plant-pollinator interactions in the three studied networks. A phylogenetic perspective should occupy a central role in the study of specialisation since it contributes to understanding the interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes in mutualistic networks. Future research should focus on evaluating whether the phylogenetic structure of animal diets mediates patterns of interactions in different types of mutualisms and environmental contexts, linking these patterns to other floral traits. This knowledge may be valuable for deepening our comprehension of the underlying mechanisms shaping ecological networks.</p>
Dutch landscapes have lost insect-pollinated plants over the past 87 years
<p>Data associated with the publication "Dutch landscapes have lost insect-pollinated plants over the past 87 years".</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p><span>1. The interruption of plant-pollinator interactions may threaten global plant diversity, food security, and ecosystem stability. Recent reports of strong declines in both insects and plants point to insect decline as a driver of plant decline. However, it is still unknown whether these trends are related as plants often produce seeds without the need for insect pollinators, and to what extent insect-pollinated plants have declined in relation to plants not pollinated by insects. </span></p> <p><span>2. In this study, we hypothesise that natural plant communities have shifted away from insect-pollination. We combined 365,768 vegetation plots from 1930 to 2017 in the Netherlands and plant traits to assess the changes in occurrences of plants pollinated by different modes. Furthermore, we included key drivers in plant decline—specifically nitrogen, moisture, and habitat types—as interaction factors to explore the persistence of the observed changes under different environmental conditions.</span></p> <p><span>3. The proportion of insect-pollinated plants has declined while that of wind-pollinated plants has increased over the last 87 years. This proportional change reflects an absolute decrease in the number of insect-pollinated species and an increase in the number of wind-pollinated species. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><em><span>Synthesis and applications</span></em><span>. This study implies that Dutch landscapes are losing insect-pollinated plant species, which is likely due, at least in part, to the decline in pollination services. Our results of quantifying the decline in insect-pollinated plants support the necessity and urgency of taking conservation initiatives. Several management strategies and policy recommendations could be applied to alleviate the decline of insect-pollinated plants and ensure crop safety. For example, conserving natural environments by reducing nitrogen deposition may support local plants and insect pollinators. Additionally, there is a particular need for focused efforts to protect natural grasslands, as these areas harbor many insect-pollinated plants, which have experienced declines. Finally, monitoring and assessing the state of both pollinators and (insect-pollinated) plants is needed to assess the progress of conservation measures. While recognizing the interdependence of pollinators and pollinated plants, it is crucial to extend efforts beyond pollinator conservation alone to effectively safeguard insect-pollinated plants and ensure crop safety.</span></p>
Data from: neglected puzzle pieces of urban green infrastructure: richness, cover, and composition of insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces
<p>Insect-pollinated vascular plants in spontaneous vegetation provide essential ecosystem services and benefit wildlife. However, floral communities associated with traffic-related green spaces are rarely considered valuable elements of urban green infrastructure (UGI). The dataset contains information on species-based floral communities of vascular insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces in three highly populated Finnish cities. Those are Helsinki (665 558 inhabitants), Tampere (244 029 inhabitants), and Turku (175 645 inhabitants). Data were collected during the mean flowering phenophase of vascular plants in July-August 2022 from two types of locations: (i) urban (city centers) and (ii) suburban (city outskirts), and from three types of traffic-related green spaces: (i) traffic islands, (ii) parking lots, (iii) road verges. The dataset contains information for the 93 vascular insect-pollinated plant species flowering during the survey. Sampling campaign was conducted in 90 sampling sites, and the dataset contains information on the location coordinates. In addition, the dataset possesses information on the amount of garbage pieces (cigarette filters, plastic boxes, or scraps) revealed for each sampling point in traffic-related green spaces.</p>
Data from: An extreme case of plant-insect codiversification: figs and fig-pollinating wasps
It is thought that speciation in phytophagous insects is often due to colonization of novel host plants, because radiations of plant and insect lineages are typically asynchronous. Recent phylogenetic comparisons have supported this model of diversification for both insect herbivores and specialized pollinators. An exceptional case where contemporaneous plant–insect diversification might be expected is the obligate mutualism between fig trees (Ficus species, Moraceae) and their pollinating wasps (Agaonidae, Hymenoptera). The ubiquity and ecological significance of this mutualism in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has long intrigued biologists, but the systematic challenge posed by >750 interacting species pairs has hindered progress toward understanding its evolutionary history. In particular, taxon sampling and analytical tools have been insufficient for large-scale cophylogenetic analyses. Here, we sampled nearly 200 interacting pairs of fig and wasp species from across the globe. Two supermatrices were assembled: on an average, wasps had sequences from 77% of 6 genes (5.6 kb), figs had sequences from 60% of 5 genes (5.5 kb), and overall 850 new DNA sequences were generated for this study. We also developed a new analytical tool, Jane 2, for event-based phylogenetic reconciliation analysis of very large data sets. Separate Bayesian phylogenetic analyses for figs and fig wasps under relaxed molecular clock assumptions indicate Cretaceous diversification of crown groups and contemporaneous divergence for nearly half of all fig and pollinator lineages. Event-based cophylogenetic analyses further support the codiversification hypothesis. Biogeographic analyses indicate that the present-day distribution of fig and pollinator lineages is consistent with a Eurasian origin and subsequent dispersal, rather than with Gondwanan vicariance. Overall, our findings indicate that the fig-pollinator mutualism represents an extreme case among plant–insect interactions of coordinated dispersal and long-term codiversification.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.