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21 results for “insect prey”
Fig. 2 in Quantifying insect predation in laboratory arenas: the effect of prey acclimation
Fig. 2. Behavioral responses of Orgyia leucostigma caterpillars that acclimated on the plant for less than 20 min (20 min), from 20 to <40 min (40 min), and from 40 to 60 min (60 min) to the attacks of Polistes fuscatus wasps. *P <0.05; ns: P> 0.05. No response = caterpillars that did not respond to predators by dropping. Drop = caterpillars that dropped from the leaf in response to the predator.
Fig. 1 in Quantifying insect predation in laboratory arenas: the effect of prey acclimation
Fig. 1. The mortality of Orgyia leucostigma caterpillars that acclimated on the plant for less than 20 min (20 min), from 20 to <40 min (40 min), and from 40 to 60 min (60 min) before exposure to Polistes fuscatus wasps. Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different (P> 0.05).
Figure 2 in Natural prey of the crab spider Thomisus onustus (Araneae: Thomisidae), an extremely powerful predator of insects
Figure 2. Some of the largest prey captured by Thomisus onustus juveniles together with their captors. (A) Syrphid fly; (B) bombyliid fly; (C) calliphorid fly; (D) Cataglyphis setipes ant.
Figure 1 in Natural prey of the crab spider Thomisus onustus (Araneae: Thomisidae), an extremely powerful predator of insects
Figure 1. Distribution of prey of different sex–age groups of Thomisus onustus (black, late instar and adult females; grey, medium-sized juveniles; dotted, adult males; white, small juveniles) in different size categories (body lengths of prey expressed as percentages of the body lengths of their captors).
Figure 1 in First record of two insects preying on the red tomato spider mite Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in Latakia governorate, Syria
Figure 1 Life stages ofStethorus gilvifrons feeding on all developmental stages ofTetranychus evansi: A – Larva feeding on adult; B – Pupa; C – Adult feeding on eggs; D – Adult feeding on nymph.
Relative size matters: Eyespots on large insect prey deter small arthropod predators
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Data from: Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations
Biotic interactions underlie ecosystem structure and function, but predicting interaction outcomes is difficult. We tested the hypothesis that biotic interaction strength increases toward the equator, using a global experiment with model caterpillars to measure predation risk. Across an 11,660-kilometer latitudinal gradient spanning six continents, we found increasing predation toward the equator, with a parallel pattern of increasing predation toward lower elevations. Patterns across both latitude and elevation were driven by arthropod predators, with no systematic trend in attack rates by birds or mammals. These matching gradients at global and regional scales suggest consistent drivers of biotic interaction strength, a finding that needs to be integrated into general theories of herbivory, community organization, and life-history evolution.
Data from: Match and mismatch: integrating consumptive effects of predators, prey traits, and habitat selection in colonizing aquatic insects
<p>Predators are a particularly critical component of habitat quality, as they affect survival, morphology, behavior, population size, and community structure through both consumptive and non-consumptive effects. Non-consumptive effects can often exceed consumptive effects, but their relative importance is undetermined in many systems. Our objective was to determine the consumptive and non-consumptive effects of a predaceous aquatic insect, <em>Notonecta irrorata</em>, on colonizing aquatic beetles. We tested how <em>N. irrorata </em>affected survival and habitat selection of colonizing aquatic beetles, how beetle traits contributed to their vulnerability to predation by <em>N. irrorata,</em> and how combined consumptive and non-consumptive effects affected populations and community structure. Predation vulnerabilities ranged from 0–95% mortality, with size, swimming, and exoskeleton traits generating species-specific vulnerabilities. Habitat selection ranged from predator avoidance to preferentially colonizing predator patches. Attraction of Dytiscidae to <em>N. irrorata</em> may be a natural ecological trap given similar cues produced by these taxa. Hence, species-specific habitat selection by prey can be either predator-avoidance responses that reduce consumptive effects, or responses that magnify predator effects. <em>Notonecta irrorata</em> had both strong consumptive and non-consumptive effects on populations and communities, while combined effects predicted even more distinct communities and populations across patches with or without predators. Our results illustrate that an aquatic invertebrate predator can have functionally-unique consumptive effects on prey, attracting and repelling prey, while prey have functionally-unique responses to predators. Determining species-specific consumptive and non-consumptive effects is important to understand patterns of species diversity across landscapes.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Does The Ability Of Blattisocius Species To Prey On Mites And Insects Vary According To The Relative Length Of The Cheliceral Digits?
FIGURE 1: Chelicerae of Blattisocius keegani A – photo; B – line drawing and Blattisocius everti C – photo; D – line drawing; a – fixed digit; b – movable digit; bar = 20 µm.
Predation risk estimated on live and artificial insect prey follows different patterns
<p>Models mimicking prey organisms are increasingly used in ecological studies including testing fundamental ecological and evolutionary theories. The general consensus is that predation risk estimated on artificial models may not quantitatively correspond to predation pressure on live prey, but it still can be used in various comparisons. We tested whether the use of live and artificial prey reveals the same patterns of variation in predation risk. We exposed live prey (blowfly larvae and puparia) and plasticine models of blowfly puparia in two boreal forest sites, both openly and in ant- and bird-exclusion treatments, and we quantified attacks by both avian and invertebrate predators. Bird attack rates were always higher on live puparia than on their plasticine models, but the magnitude of this difference declined from 8.4-fold in early summer to 2-fold in mid- and late summer. We attribute these changes to different responses to prey by experienced adult birds that dominate the bird communities in early summer versus explorative juvenile birds that are abundant later in the season. Invertebrate daily predation rates on maggots decreased from 56% in early summer to 28% in late summer, but invertebrate attacks on plasticine models showed no seasonal changes. Overall, invertebrate predation on maggots was 67-fold greater than their predation on models. Observations showed that wood ants did not attack plasticine models and did not leave on them any damage marks. Estimates based on artificial prey indicate a much greater role of bird predation than invertebrate predation, while estimates based on live prey suggest the opposite pattern. Thus, using live and artificial prey may lead to different conclusions about relative importance of different predator groups in a locality. Moreover, for both avian and invertebrate predators, predation risk based on artificial and live prey shows different seasonal changes and may potentially demonstrate different spatial patterns.</p>
Data from: Higher predation risk for insect prey at low latitudes and elevations
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Hawaiian caterpillar patrols spiderwebs camouflaged in insect prey’s body parts
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Predation risk estimated on live and artificial insect prey follows different patterns
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Match and mismatch: Integrating consumptive effects of predators, prey traits, and habitat selection in colonizing aquatic insects
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Data from: Always chew your food: freshwater stingrays use mastication to process tough insect prey
Chewing, characterized by shearing jaw motions and high-crowned molar teeth, is considered an evolutionary innovation that spurred dietary diversification and evolutionary radiation of mammals. Complex prey-processing behaviours have been thought to be lacking in fishes and other vertebrates, despite the fact that many of these animals feed on tough prey, like insects or even grasses. We investigated prey capture and processing in the insect-feeding freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro using high-speed videography. We find that Potamotrygon motoro uses asymmetrical motion of the jaws, effectively chewing, to dismantle insect prey. However, CT scanning suggests that this species has simple teeth. These findings suggest that in contrast to mammalian chewing, asymmetrical jaw action is sufficient for mastication in other vertebrates. We also determined that prey capture in these rays occurs through rapid uplift of the pectoral fins, sucking prey beneath the ray's body, thereby dissociating the jaws from a prey capture role. We suggest that the decoupling of prey capture and processing facilitated the evolution of a highly kinetic feeding apparatus in batoid fishes, giving these animals an ability to consume a wide variety of prey, including molluscs, fishes, aquatic insect larvae and crustaceans. We propose Potamotrygon as a model system for understanding evolutionary convergence of prey processing and chewing in vertebrates.
Data from: Always chew your food: freshwater stingrays use mastication to process tough insect prey
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Data from: From feces to data: a metabarcoding method for analyzing consumed and available prey in a bird-insect food web
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Data from: Decreasing predator density and activity explain declining predation of insect prey along elevational gradients
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Data from: A trait-based framework for understanding predator-prey relationships: trait matching between a specialist snake and its insect prey
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Data from: Managing hedgerows for nocturnal wildlife: do bats and their insect prey benefit from targeted agri-environment schemes?
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.