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opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Рис. 1. КоΛичество макрокониΑий грибов роΑа Fusarium (% от общего чисΛа эΛементов морфоΛогии) на органах и в физиоΛогических жиΑкостях картофеΛьной коровки Fig. 1. Number of macroconidia of fungus species from the genus Fusarium (% of the total number of morphological elements) on organs and in physiological fluids of the potato ladybird beetle in On the vector characteristics of the potato ladybird beetle Henosepilachna Vigintioctomaculata (Motsch.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the system "phytophagous insect - plant pathogen - plant"

Рис. 1. КоΛичество макрокониΑий грибов роΑа Fusarium (% от общего чисΛа эΛементов морфоΛогии) на органах и в физиоΛогических жиΑкостях картофеΛьной коровки Fig. 1. Number of macroconidia of fungus species from the genus Fusarium (% of the total number of morphological elements) on organs and in physiological fluids of the potato ladybird beetle

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships generated from the 16S rRNA gene for 16 in A survey of auchenorrhynchan insects for identification of potential vectors of the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma in Florida

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships generated from the 16S rRNA gene for 16SrIV phytoplasmas by using maximum likelihood (1,000 replicates) methods in MEGA. The 16S partial sequence amplified from Haplaxius crudus (indicated by the black triangle) and unidentified Cicadellidae specimen (indicated by the white triangle) from this study were included in the analysis.

Fig. 3 in A survey of auchenorrhynchan insects for identification of potential vectors of the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma in Florida

Fig. 3. (a) The number of insects tested positive for the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma by nested polymerase chain reaction assays; (b) Total number of major auchenorrhynchan insects collected by sticky traps at the Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center from 11 Oct 2017 to 2 Nov 2018. Different scales for the number of specimens (y-axis) were used to fit the data ranges.

Fig. 2 in A survey of auchenorrhynchan insects for identification of potential vectors of the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma in Florida

Fig. 2. Species of auchenorrhynchans that were consistently collected by sticky traps at the Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center. (a) Cedusa inflata (Derbidae); (b) Idioderma virescens (Membracidae); (c) Omolicna joi (Derbidae); (d) Haplaxius crudus (Cixiidae).

Fig. 1 in A survey of auchenorrhynchan insects for identification of potential vectors of the 16SrIV-D phytoplasma in Florida

Fig. 1. (a) Map of Florida, USA, showing Broward County in yellow; (b) South Florida showing the location of the Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center labeled in a circle; (c) Map of the Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center study area showing the locations of the sticky traps according to the trap identification in red. The map was generated from Google Maps, Imagery@2019, DigitalGlobe, US Geological Survey, US Department of the Interior, Reston, Virginia, USA.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov36/100

Defining Skin Immunity of a Bite of Key Insect Vectors in Humans

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03641339. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Probability of occurrence and phenology of pine wilt disease transmission by insect vectors in the Rocky Mountains

1. Pine wilt disease, caused by pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; PWN), is a damaging and globally distributed insect-vectored forest pathogen. Native forest tree mortality associated with PWN is newly reported from the Front Range of Colorado, but there is no regional information on PWN frequency or biology of local insect vectors, limiting management options. 2. A sampling array was established to survey PWN in native pines (Pinus ponderosa) and longhorn beetles (Monochamus clamator & Monochamus scutellatus) over two years and across natural and urban forest landscapes. We developed flight phenology models and evaluated effects of landscape factors on vector abundance and probability of infection. 3. Flight phenology was similar for vectors; Monochamus flight initiated in mid-July and continued into October for both species. We report the first M. clamator–PWN association in the United States. PWN was distributed in the region at rates lower than reported from its putative native range: 3.6 and 4.2% of sampled pines and beetles, respectively, tested positive for PWN. Many host trees were outwardly asymptomatic; infection frequency in tree populations varied considerably and four epicenters of vector infectivity were identified. 4. Epicenters varied in timing of anomalous infective vector frequency—some epicenters had high abundances of infected beetles early in the growing season whereas others had high abundances of infected beetles late in the growing season, though PWN-positive beetles were captured at all sites. Monochamus populations were found primarily in natural forest stands but migrated to urban areas late in the growing season. The only landscape factor positively correlated with abundances of both Monochamus species was distance to previous wildfire. 5. Synthesis and applications: PWN epicenters in the southern Rocky Mountains exhibit specific temporal windows of vector activity that differ from proximal sites. Urban forests, where the disease was initially observed in the region, do not support vector populations. Our results suggest that natural forest landscapes in the region are important reservoirs of PWN and vector populations are especially abundant near burned stands. Collectively, our findings are important for timing disease management activities appropriately and help to distinguish priority areas for mitigation efforts.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Wood-inhabiting insects can function as targeted vectors for decomposer fungi

Most wood-inhabiting fungi are assumed to be dispersed primarily by wind, with the exception of a few species involved in mutualistic relationships with insects. In this study we tested whether several species of wood-inhabiting insects can function as dispersal vectors for non-mutualistic fungi, which would indicate that wood-inhabiting fungi can benefit from targeted animal-mediated dispersal. We sampled wood-inhabiting beetles (Coleoptera) from freshly felled wood experimentally added to forests and used DNA metabarcoding to investigate the fungal DNA carried by these insects. Staphylinid beetles rarely contained fungal DNA, while Endomychus coccineus, Glischrochilus hortensis and Glischrochilus quadripunctatus frequently carried fungal DNA with a composition specific to the insect taxon. A large proportion of the obtained fungal sequences (34%) represented decomposer fungi, including well-known wood-decay fungi such as Fomitopsis pinicola, Fomes fomentarius, Trichaptum abietinum and Trametes versicolor. Scanning electron microscopy further showed that some of the fungal material was carried as spores or yeast cells on the insect exoskeletons. Our results suggest that insect-vectored dispersal is of broader importance to wood-inhabiting fungi than previously assumed.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Survival relative to new and ancestral host plants, phytoplasma infection and genetic constitution in host races of a polyphagous insect disease vector

Dissemination of vectorborne diseases depends strongly on the vector's host range and the pathogen's reservoir range. Because vectors interact with pathogens, the direction and strength of a vector's host shift is vital for understanding epidemiology and is embedded in the framework of ecological specialization. This study investigates survival in host-race evolution of a polyphagous insect disease vector, Hyalesthes obsoletus, whether survival is related to the direction of the host shift (from field bindweed to stinging nettle), the interaction with plant-specific strains of obligate vectored pathogens/symbionts (stolbur phytoplasma), and whether survival is related to genetic differentiation between the host races. We used a twice repeated, identical nested experimental design to study survival of the vector on alternative hosts and relative to infection status. Survival was tested with Kaplan–Meier analyses, while genetic differentiation between vector populations was quantified with microsatellite allele frequencies. We found significant direct effects of host plant (reduced survival on wrong hosts) and sex (males survive longer than females) in both host races and relative effects of host (nettle animals more affected than bindweed animals) and sex (males more affected than females). Survival of bindweed animals was significantly higher on symptomatic than nonsymptomatic field bindweed, but in the second experiment only. Infection potentially had a positive effect on survival in nettle animals but due to low infection rates the results remain suggestive. Genetic differentiation was not related to survival. Greater negative plant-transfer effect but no negative effect of stolbur in the derived host race suggests preadaptation to the new pathogen/symbiont strain before strong diversifying selection during the specialization process. Physiological maladaptation or failure to accept the ancestral plant will have similar consequences, namely positive assortative mating within host races and a reduction in the likelihood of oviposition on the alternative plant and thus the acquisition of alternative stolbur strains.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Museum specimen data reveal emergence of a plant disease may be linked to increases in the insect vector population

The emergence rate of new plant diseases is increasing due to novel introductions, climate change, and changes in vector populations, posing risks to agricultural sustainability. Assessing and managing future disease risks depends on understanding the causes of contemporary and historical emergence events. Since the mid-1990s, potato growers in the western United States, Mexico, and Central America have experienced severe yield loss from Zebra Chip disease and have responded by increasing insecticide use to suppress populations of the insect vector, the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Despite the severe nature of Zebra Chip outbreaks, the causes of emergence remain unknown. We tested the hypotheses that 1) B. cockerelli occupancy has increased over the last century in California and 2) such increases are related to climate change, specifically warmer winters. We compiled a dataset of 87,000 museum specimen occurrence records across the order Hemiptera collected between 1900 and 2014. We then analyzed changes in B. cockerelli distribution using a hierarchical occupancy model using changes in background species lists to correct for collecting effort. We found evidence that B. cockerelli occupancy has increased over the last century. However, these changes appear to be unrelated to climate changes, at least at the scale of our analysis. To the extent that species occupancy is related to abundance, our analysis provides the first quantitative support for the hypothesis that B. cockerelli population abundance has increased, but further work is needed to link B. cockerelli population dynamics to Zebra Chip epidemics. Finally, we demonstrate how this historical macro-ecological approach provides a general framework for comparative risk assessment of future pest and insect vector outbreaks.

Fig. 1 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 1. Distribution map for Philaenus spumarius in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 11 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 11. Distribution map for Aphrophora salicina in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 8 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 8. Phenology of adult Cercopis vulnerata in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2005-2017); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 4 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 4. Distribution map for Cicadella viridis in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 7 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 7. Distribution map for Cercopis vulnerata in Belgium: Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 3 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 3. Immature development of Philaenus spumarius under outdoor conditions (Ixelles, Belgium, 2016).

Fig. 2 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 2. Phenology of adult Philaenus spumarius in Belgium: Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2005-2017); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 6A in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 6A. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under outdoor conditions (Ixelles, Belgium, 2016. Fig. 6B. Immature development of Cicadella viridis under controlled conditions (21.5°C; D:L= 9:15).

Fig. 9 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 9. Distribution map for Aphrophora alni in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2010-2016); our own samplings (2016-2017).

Fig. 12 in Distribution, adult phenology and life history traits of potential insect vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Belgium

Fig. 12. Phenology of adult Aphrophora salicina in Belgium. Data: RBINS; Observations.be (2005-2017); our own samplings (2016-2017).