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39 results for “integrated plasticity”
Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes controls endothelial junctional plasticity and barrier integrity by regulating VE-cadherin phosphorylation and endocytosis
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin in endothelial adherens junctions is an essential component of the vascular barrier, critical for tissue homeostasis and implicated in diseases such as cancer and retinopathies. Inhibitors of Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase have been applied to suppress VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation and prevent excessive leakage, edema and high interstitial pressure. Here we show that the Src-related Yes tyrosine kinase, rather than Src, is localized at endothelial cell (EC) junctions where it becomes activated in a flow-dependent manner. EC-specific <em>Yes1</em> deletion suppresses VE-cadherin phosphorylation and arrests VE-cadherin at EC junctions. This is accompanied by loss of EC collective migration and exaggerated agonist-induced macromolecular leakage. Overexpression of <em>Yes1</em> causes ectopic VE-cadherin phosphorylation, while vascular leakage is unaffected. In contrast, in EC-specific Src-deficiency, VE-cadherin internalization is maintained, and leakage is suppressed. In conclusion, Yes-mediated phosphorylation regulates constitutive VE-cadherin turnover, thereby maintaining endothelial junction plasticity and vascular integrity.</p> <p><strong>Method for retinal EC distribution analysis</strong></p> <p>Chimeric recombination was induced in iSuRe-Cre+ mice at P3 by i.p. injection of tamoxifen (100 µg/mouse, Sigma). Retinas were taken at P7 and P15, immunostained for CD31 and flat-mounted. Images were taken by z-stack tile scanning using a 10X objective on a confocal microscope (Leica SP8). Maximum intensity projection images of whole retinas were used for image segmentation, which was performed with ImageJ resources. The maximum projection of the MbTomato channel threshold was established to distinguish MbTomato+ cells from the background. Outliers with a radius between 0.2-1.0 µm were removed. The CD31 channel (after maximum projection) was used to define the outlines of veins and arteries; the optic nerve was used as a mask to define a referential system. For computational analysis, a bespoken Python-based workflow was employed, accessible on GitHub (https://github.com/wgiese/retina-vein-artery-cs). For every pixel in the image, three numbers were computed (using the mask as referential): (1) distance to the nearest vein (d<sub>v</sub>), (2) distance to the nearest artery (d<sub>a</sub>) and (3) radial distance to the optic nerve (r). From these measures, the relative distances by ϕ<sub>v-a</sub> = d<sub>v/</sub>(d<sub>v</sub> + d<sub>a</sub>) were obtained. The EC distribution was computed by performing the operation for all YFP-positive pixels, which were used as a proxy for EC distribution. A kernel density estimation was used to approximate the underlying EC distribution in the 2D coordinate system spanned by ϕ<sub>v-a</sub> and r. </p>
Morphological integration, canalization, and plasticity in response to emergence time in Abutilon theophrasti
<p>The relationships between trait plasticity and canalization, and between phenotypic integration and plasticity, have been under debate, largely because direct evidence is still scarce for their associations, especially in response to environments. To investigate the relationships between canalization, integration and phenotypic plasticity in response to emergence time, we conducted a field experiment with an annual herbaceous species of <em>Abutilon theophrasti</em>, by subjecting plants to four treatments of emergence time (spring, late spring, summer and late summer), to measure a number of morphological traits and analyze correlations of plasticity with canalization and integration in these traits, at two stages of plant growth. Results showed plants with delayed emergence had higher phenotypic integration and more positive correlations between integration and plasticity, but less negative correlations between decreased canalization and plasticity, compared to those emerged in spring. Results suggested significant environmental changes that induce plastic responses, rather than environmental stress, can result in greater phenotypic integration in plants. Negative correlations between decreased canalization and plasticity occurred more frequently in plants emerging in spring and the least frequently in those emerging in summer, suggesting their relationship depends on specific environmental conditions and the degree of plasticity. Both increased phenotypic integration and decreased canalization might merely be the outcome of plastic responses, rather than mechanisms constraining or facilitating plasticity.</p>
An integrative assessment of the plastic debris load in the Mediterranean Sea
<p>An integrative assessment of the plastic debris load in the Mediterranean Sea</p> <p>Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Fabien Lombard, Alberto Baudena, François Galgani, Amanda Elineau, Stephanie Petit, Maryvonne Henry, Romain Troublé, Gilles Reverdin, Enrico Ser-Giacomi, Mikaël Kedzierski, Emmanuel Boss, Gabriel Gorsky</p> <p>This manuscript contains the results of the Tara Mediterranean Expedition, which sampled surface plastics throughout the Mediterranean Sea. The advanced imaging methods (ZoosCan) and data processing (Zooprocess) used allowed us to undertake an integrative study of surface plastic pollution, analyzing and classifying more than 75,000 plastic debris. We also provided estimates of regional differences in floating plastic loads and plastic characteristics. Notably, a new Lagrangian diagnostic predicting the concentration of plastic debris allowed us to link observed plastic concentrations to terrestrial plastic sources encountered by the water parcel carrying them.</p> <p>The dataset presented here is related to the publication M.L. Pedrotti et al. 2022, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155958">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155958</a></p>
Supporting information from Integrating a Chemicals Perspective into the Global Plastic Treaty
<p>Supporting Information (open data) Integrating a Chemicals Perspective into the Global Plastic Treaty</p>
Data from: Phenotypic integration limits the variation in plant phenotypic plasticity among traits: a meta-analysis
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Morphological integration, canalization, and plasticity in response to emergence time in Abutilon theophrasti
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Behavioral variation in natural contests: integrating plasticity and personality
<p>Animals often interact aggressively when competing over limited resources. Aggressive decisions can be complex, and may result from multiple sources of behavioral variation. The outcome of contests may be explained through contest theory and personality, by considering conjointly plasticity and individual consistency. This integrative approach also allows investigating individual differences in responsiveness to environmental changes. Here we observed multiple agonistic interactions occurring among eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) competing for food resources supplied at different distances from their burrows. Using an individual reaction norm approach, we found that the probability of winning a contest depended on an individual's own intrinsic characteristics (mass, age, but not sex) but was also adjusted to characteristics of its opponents. Winning a contest also depended on extrinsic environmental characteristics such as distance to the contestants' burrows, but not the order of arrival at the feeding patch. We found consistent individual differences in the probability of winning, potentially related to differences in aggressiveness and territoriality. We also found that individuals differed in their plasticity level in response to changes in different characteristics of their social and physical environments. Plasticity, personality and individual differences in responsiveness may thus all play a role in predicting contest outcome and in the evolution of animal contests.</p>
Data from: Individual variation in parental care reaction norms: integration of personality and plasticity
Personality (consistent differences between individuals in behavior) and plasticity (changes within individuals in behavior) are often viewed as separate and opposing phenomena. We tested this idea by analyzing parental care reaction norms in a bird that exhibits biparental care. Personality in provisioning behavior existed (r ic=0.11) and persisted despite being reduced after accounting for individual differences in environment. Plasticity was also evident and differed between the sexes. Male visit rate was associated with changes in brood size and time of day, but female visit rate was associated with changes in nestling age and date. In both sexes changes in visit rate were positively correlated with changes in their partner's visit rate. Both sexes also exhibited multidimensional reaction norms; interaction terms revealed that within-individual visit rates increased more steeply with brood size when nestlings were older, and the effect of the partner's visit rate was sensitive to variation in date, precipitation, and the focal bird's age. Individuals also varied in how they responded (reaction norm slope) to changes in nestling age and partner visits. Moreover, parental personality was interdependent with individual plasticity in several ways. Individuals of both sexes with a high visit rate also responded more positively to changes in nestling age, and males also showed this pattern with changes in partner visit rate. Explicit use of the behavioral reaction norm integrated personality and plasticity, revealed that these are not opposing concepts, and stimulated new hypotheses about sexual conflict over care and provisioning as a life-history trait.
Modeling Sequences of Earthquakes and Aseismic Slip (SEAS) in Elasto-Plastic Fault Zones With a Hybrid Finite Element Spectral Boundary Integral Scheme
<p>This repository contains the results of 2D simulations of the earthquake cycles accounting for off-fault plasticity.</p> <p>Folder Case1 contains the slip rate and time history for all simulations with cohesion c = 47 MPa</p> <p>Folder Case2 contains the slip rate and time history for all simulations with cohesion c = 25 MPa</p> <p>the mat files contain equivalent plastic strain of each element stored at the start and end of each event with element connectivity and node coordinates.</p>
Morphological canalization, integration, and plasticity in response to population density in Abutilon theophrasti : Influences of soil conditions and growth stages
<p>Phenotypic integration and developmental canalization have been hypothesized to constrain the degree of phenotypic plasticity, but little evidence exists, probably due to the lack in studies on the relationships among the three processes, especially for plants under different environments. We conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i> to three densities, under infertile and fertile soil conditions, and analyzing correlations among canalization, integration, and plasticity in a variety of measured morphological traits after 50 and 70 d, to investigate the relationships among the three variables in response to density and how these responses vary with soil conditions and growth stages. Results showed trait canalization decreased, phenotypic integration and the degree of plasticity (absolute plasticity) in traits increased with density. Phenotypic integration often positively correlated with absolute plasticity; whereas correlations between trait canalization and plasticity were insignificant in most cases, with a few positive ones between canalization and absolute plasticity at low and medium densities. As plants grew, these correlations intensified in infertile soil and attenuated in fertile soil. Our findings suggested the complexity of the relationship between canalization and plasticity: decreased canalization is more likely to facilitate active plastic responses under more favorable conditions; whereas increased level of integration should mainly be an outcome of plastic responses. Soil conditions and growth stage may affect responses of these correlations to density via modifying plant size, competition strength and plastic responses in traits. We also predicted that decreased canalization can be advantageous or disadvantageous, and the lack of response to stress may demonstrate a stronger ability of adaptation than passive response, thus should be adaptive plasticity as active response.</p>
Evolution and plasticity of morph-specific integration in the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
Developmental and evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic variation frequently target several traits simultaneously, thereby causing covariation, or integration, among phenotypes. While phenotypic integration can be neutral, correlational selection can drive adaptive covariation. Especially the evolution and development of exaggerated secondary sexual traits may require the adjustment of other traits that support, compensate for, or otherwise function in a concerted manner. Although phenotypic integration is ubiquitous, the interplay between genetic, developmental, and ecological conditions in shaping integration and its evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we study the evolution and plasticity of trait integration in the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus which is characterized by the polyphenic expression of horned ('major') and hornless ('minor') male morphs. By comparing populations subject to divergent intensities of mate competition we tested whether mating system shifts affect integration of traits predicted to function in a morph-specific manner. We focussed on fore and hind tibia morphology as these appendages are used to stabilize major males during fights, and on wings, as they are thought to contribute to morph-based differences in dispersal behaviour. We found phenotypic integration between fore and hind tibia length and horn length that was stronger in major males, suggesting phenotypic plasticity in integration and potentially secondary sexual trait compensation. Similarly, we observed that fore tibia shape was also integrated with relative horn length. However, although we found population differentiation in wing and tibia shape and allometry, populations did not differ in integration. Lastly, we detected little evidence for morph differences in integration in either tibia or wing shape, although wing allometries differed between morphs. This contrasts with previous studies documenting intraspecific differentiation in morphology, behaviour and allometry as a response to varying levels of mate competition across O. taurus populations. We discuss how sexual selection may shape morph-specific integration, compensation and allometry across populations.
Data from: Individual variation in parental care reaction norms: integration of personality and plasticity
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Behavioral variation in natural contests: integrating plasticity and personality
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Evolution and plasticity of morph-specific integration in the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Morphological canalization, integration, and plasticity in response to population density in Abutilon theophrasti: Influences of soil conditions and growth stages
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Data from: Developmental plasticity, morphological variation and evolvability: a multilevel analysis of morphometric integration in the shape of compound leaves
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Endothelial plasticity in atrial fibrosis by integrating single-cell sequencing and genetic lineage tracing
GEO Series GSE198204. Homo sapiens; Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Multi-Omic Integrated networks connect DNA methylation and miRNA with skeletal muscle plasticity to chronic exercise in type 2 diabetic obesity [Methylation data]
GEO Series GSE58280. Homo sapiens. 34 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by array.
Integrative analysis of behavioral, syaptic, and genomic plasticity in the hippocampus
GEO Series GSE100225. Mus musculus. 54 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Lineage plasticity of the integrated stress response is a hallmark of lung cancer evolution.
GEO Series GSE287513. Mus musculus. 15 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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