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36 results for “interference competition”
Molecular signatures of resource competition: Clonal interference favors ecological diversification and can lead to incipient speciation
<p>Microbial ecosystems harbor an astonishing diversity that can persist for long times. To understand how such diversity is structured and maintained, ecological and evolutionary processes need to be integrated at similar timescales. Here, we study a model of resource competition that allows for evolution via de novo mutation, and focus on rapidly adapting asexual populations with large mutational inputs, as typical of many bacteria species. We characterize the adaptation and diversification of an initially maladapted population and show how the eco-evolutionary dynamics are shaped by the interaction between simultaneously emerging lineages – clonal interference. We find that in large populations, more intense clonal interference can foster diversification under sympatry, increasing the probability that phenotypically and genetically distinct clusters coexist. In smaller populations, the accumulation of deleterious and compensatory mutations can push further the diversification process and kick-start speciation. Our findings have implications beyond microbial populations, providing novel insights about the interplay between ecology and evolution in clonal populations.</p>
Molecular signatures of resource competition: Clonal interference favors ecological diversification and can lead to incipient speciation
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Data from: Reproductive interference and fecundity affect competitive interactions of sibling species with low mating barriers: experimental and theoretical evidence
When allopatric species with incomplete prezygotic isolation come into secondary contact, the outcome of their interaction is not easily predicted. The parasitoid wasp Encarsia suzannae (iES), infected by Cardinium inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), and its sibling species E. gennaroi (EG), not infected by bacterial endosymbionts, may have diverged because of the complementary action of CI and asymmetric hybrid incompatibilities. Whereas postzygotic isolation is now complete due to sterility of F1 hybrid progeny, prezygotic isolation is still incipient. We set up laboratory population cage experiments to evaluate the outcome of the interaction between ES and EG in two pairwise combinations: iES vs. EG and cured ES (cES, where Cardinium was removed with antibiotics) vs. EG. We also built a theoretical model aimed at exploring the role of life history differences and asymmetric mating on competitive outcomes. In three of four cages in each treatment, ES dominated the interaction. We found evidence for reproductive interference, driven by asymmetric mating preferences, which gave a competitive edge to ES, the species that better discriminated against heterospecifics. However, we did not find the fecundity cost previously shown to be associated with Cardinium infection in iES. The model largely supported the experimental results. The finding of only a slight competitive edge of ES over EG in population cages suggests that in a more heterogeneous environment the species could coexist. This is supported by evidence that the two species coexist in sympatry, where preliminary data suggest reproductive character displacement may have reinforced postzygotic isolation.
Of wolves and bears: Seasonal drivers of interference and exploitation competition between apex predators
<p>Competition between apex predators can alter the strength of top-down forcing, yet we know little about the behavioral mechanisms that drive competition in multipredator ecosystems. Interactions between predators can be synergistic (facilitative) or antagonistic (inhibitive), both of which are widespread in nature, vary in strength between species and across space and time, and affect predation patterns and predator-prey dynamics. Recent research suggests gray wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) kill rates decrease where they are sympatric with brown bears (<i>Ursus arctos</i>), however, the mechanisms behind this pattern remain unknown. We used data from two long-term research projects in Scandinavia (Europe) and Yellowstone National Park (North America) to test the role of interference and exploitation competition from bears on wolf predatory behavior, where altered wolf handling and search time of prey in the presence of bears are indicative of interference and exploitation competition, respectively. Our results suggest the mechanisms driving competition between bears and wolves were dependent on the season and study system. During spring in Scandinavia, interference competition was the primary mechanism driving decreased kill rates for wolves sympatric with bears; handling time increased, but search time did not. In summer, however, when both bear and wolf predation focused on neonate moose, the behavioral mechanism switched to exploitation competition; search time increased, but handling time did not. Interference competition, however, did affect wolf predation dynamics in Yellowstone during summer, where wolves prey more evenly on neonate and adult ungulates. Here, bear presence at a carcass increased the amount of time wolves spent at carcasses of all sizes and wolf handling time for small prey, but decreased handling time for the largest prey. Wolves facilitate scavenging opportunities for bears, however, bears alter wolf predatory behavior via multiple pathways and are primarily antagonistic to wolves. Our study helps clarify the behavioral mechanisms driving competition between apex predators, illustrating how interspecific interactions can manifest into population-level predation patterns.</p>
Data for: Context dependency in interference competition among birds in an endangered woodland ecosystem
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>Much research has quantified species responses to human-modified ecosystems. However, there has been relatively limited work on how human-modified ecosystems may reshape competitive interactions between species. Using extensive data gathered over 19 years across an area exceeding three million ha, we asked: <em>Are levels of interference competition between bird species context-dependent and influenced by habitat structure and productivity</em>? We focussed on the hyper-aggressive behaviour of the Noisy Miner, which has been recognised as a Key Threatening Process for other woodland bird species.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>Temperate woodlands of south-eastern Australia</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>We constructed Bayesian multi-species occupancy/detection models of bird species in woodland patches and tested the fixed and interactive effects of Noisy Miner presence, the amount of tree cover, net primary productivity, and time. We quantified the responses of 31 species, many with known interactions with the Noisy Miner documented in previous studies at fine spatial scales. However, whether environmental conditions such as amount of forest cover and net primary productivity mediate the impact of Noisy Miners remains untested at large spatial scales and over decadal time scales.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>We identified negative associations between the Noisy Miner and 18 bird species, including, unexpectedly, both small- and large-bodied taxa. Site occupancy in some species was influenced by interactions between Noisy Miner presence and increasing amounts of tree cover or productivity. Our results suggest that for some species, interference competition by the Noisy Miner is context-dependent and mitigated by increasing tree cover and/or increasing net primary productivity</p> <p><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong></p> <p>Areas of high productivity or tree cover may be important refugia for some species of woodland birds. Vegetation clearing that reduces tree cover could likely strengthen interference competition by the Noisy Miner on parts of the remaining woodland bird community, including species of conservation concern.</p>
Foundress number in Local ecological factors, not interference competition, drive the foundress number of two species of fig wasp sharing Ficus septica figs
<p><span>Recent studies have challenged assumptions about the classic fig-fig wasp pollination mutualism model, suggesting that further investigation into the receptive phase of fig development is needed. This study assessed the pollination mechanisms of <em>Ficus septica</em> in southern Taiwan and identified two species of wasps as the primary pollinators. Machine learning was used to identify and rank the factors that explain the relative abundance of these wasps. The two wasp species showed the highest level of cohabitation ever reported in the literature, with three-quarters of the figs containing multiple foundresses. The study also reported re-emerged foundresses and a 10% ratio of pollinated figs without foundresses. Local factors, such as the sampling period and tree identity, were the best predictors of the presence and number of each foundress species, with fig size also affecting the number of foundresses. The study highlights the variability in pollinator abundance between figs, crops, and trees. It also shows that the local environment of the trees and the availability of figs are crucial factors in determining which figs the pollinator wasps choose. These findings challenge assumptions about the classic mutualism model and suggest that long-term surveys are needed to estimate the relative contributions of each partner and provide data for evolutionary and ecological models. This study also provides valuable insights into the factors that affect the abundance and interactions of pollinator wasps during the receptive phase of fig development, with implications for understanding the behaviour of pollinating wasps and advancing our knowledge of population dynamics in <em>Ficus </em>species.</span></p>
Data from: What is regulating chironomid populations? The influence of food supply and interference competition on development and mortality in <em>Chironomus riparius</em>
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Foundress number in local ecological factors, not interference competition, drive the foundress number of two species of fig wasp sharing Ficus septica figs
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Data for: Context dependency in interference competition among birds in an endangered woodland ecosystem
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Data from: Reproductive interference and fecundity affect competitive interactions of sibling species with low mating barriers: experimental and theoretical evidence
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Of wolves and bears: Seasonal drivers of interference and exploitation competition between apex predators
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Prey size mediates interference competition and predation dynamics in a large carnivore community
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Data from: Leopard distribution and abundance is unaffected by interference competition with lions
Competition can have profound impacts on the structure and function of ecological communities. Despite this, the population-level effects of intraguild competition on large carnivores remain largely unknown, due to a paucity of long-term studies that focus simultaneously on competing species. Here, we comprehensively examine competitive interactions, including their demographic consequences, between 2 top predators, lions Panthera leo and leopards P. pardus. We tested the hypothesis that lions, as the dominant competitor, limit the distribution and abundance of leopards, using dietary, spatial, and life-history data collected concurrently on the 2 species. Dietary overlap between lions and leopards was limited, with lions targeting large- to very large-sized prey and leopards small- to medium-sized prey. Leopards did not actively avoid lions, either predictively or reactively, except in riparian woodland where the likelihood of encountering lions was highest. Lions accounted for more than 20% of leopard mortality, but this appeared to be compensatory. Observed and modeled population growth was similar between the 2 species, with both exhibiting net emigration. Our findings suggest that lions do not suppress leopard populations or limit their distribution, at least in our study area. Adequate availability of suitably-sized prey apparently enabled resource partitioning between lions and leopards, facilitating their coexistence. The potential for competition increases in areas devoid of large prey and should be considered in recovery efforts for the 2 species. Our study provides novel empirical evidence that intraguild competition does not always have population-level consequences for subordinates, even if they suffer from strong inference competition with dominant competitors.
Fig. 2 in Interference Competition and Cannibalism by Dorcus rectus(Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) Larvae in the Laboratory and Field
Fig. 2. Relationship between larval density of Dorcus rectus in decaying willow trunks and the intensity of intraspecific interference in the field. Each circle represents an examined trunk. Trunks with one to four larvae were excluded from this figure because the results for one larva would have changed the percentage of wounded larvae greatly by 25–100%.
Competition for food affects the strength of reproductive interference and its consequences for species coexistence.
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Data from: Interspecific interference competition at the resource patch scale: do large herbivores spatially avoid elephants while accessing water?
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Data from: Direct litter interference and indirect soil competitive effects of two contrasting phenotypes of a spiny legume shrub drive the forb composition of an oromediterranean community
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Data from: Leopard distribution and abundance is unaffected by interference competition with lions
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Data from: Alternative paths to success in a parasite community: within-host competition can favor higher virulence or direct interference
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Data from: Kind to kin: weak interference competition among white stork (Ciconia ciconia) broodmates
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.