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31 results for “interpopulation”
Figure 3 in Interpopulation differences in shell forms of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida), in the northern Persian Gulf inferred from principal component analysis and elliptic Fourier analysis
Figure 3. The first and second principal components scores of P. imbricata radiata from Hendourabi () and Lavan (▲) islands generated by PCA.
Figure 5 in Interpopulation differences in shell forms of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida), in the northern Persian Gulf inferred from principal component analysis and elliptic Fourier analysis
Figure 5. Shape variation of EFA analysis in P. imbricata radiata from Lavan and Hendourabi islands.
Figure 4 in Interpopulation differences in shell forms of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida), in the northern Persian Gulf inferred from principal component analysis and elliptic Fourier analysis
Figure 4. The first and second principal components scores of P. imbricata radiata from Hendourabi () and Lavan (▲) islands calculated by PCA performed on the normalized EFDs.
TABLEAU 1 in Nouvelle description, classification, répartition et variations morphologiques interpopulations d'un diplopode troglobie du sud-est du Brésil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)
<p>TABLEAU 1. — Dénomination et localisation des cavités prospectées (Iporanga, SP, Brésil). Établies d’après Trajano & Sanchez 1994; Pinto-da-Rocha 1995; Thompson & Moracchioli 1996.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Code cavité Nom cavité</th><th>Coordonnées</th><th>Altitude</th><th><b>Développement</b></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>SP-018</th><td>Gruta Areias de Cima (= Areias I)</td><td>24°35’20’’S</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>48°42’05’’W</td><td>205</td><td>m3 260</td><td>m</td></tr><tr><th>SP-019</th><td>Gruta Areias de Baixo (= Areias II)</td><td>24°35’20’’S</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>48°42’05’’W</td><td>205</td><td>m1 760</td><td>m</td></tr><tr><th>SP-016</th><td>Gruta-Ressurgência das Areias da Agua Quente 24°33’42’’S</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>48°40’15’’W</td><td>180</td><td>m340</td><td>m</td></tr><tr><th>SP-011</th><td>Caverna Alambari de Cima</td><td>24°33’15’’S</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>48°39’50’’W</td><td>200</td><td>m1 577</td><td>m</td></tr></tbody></table>
FIG. 4 in Nouvelle description, classification, répartition et variations morphologiques interpopulations d'un diplopode troglobie du sud-est du Brésil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)
FIG. 4. — Leodesmus yporangae (Schubart, 1946): gonopodes de mâles de la forme « acutus » (A-D) et de la forme « alambari » (E-G); A, vue médiale du gonopode droit d'un mâle de la Gruta d'Areias de Cima, Yporanga, SP 3344 (préparation O. Schubart); B, vue latérale externe du gonopode gauche (aplati par la préparation) du même mâle; C, vue médiale du gonopode droit d'un des mâles MZUSP 817 (Areias de Cima); D, vue caudale du même mâle; E, vue médiale du gonopode gauche d'un mâle de la Caverna Alambari de Cima (coll. Chamani & Seino); F, vue latérale externe du gonopode droit du même mâle; G, vue médiale du gonopode droit d'un autre mâle de la même cavité. Abréviations: cc: crochet coxal; dce, dent coxale externe; pf, préfémur; ppf, processus préfémoral; a, champ antérieur du ppf; p, champ postérieur du ppf; tt, tibiotarse (= acropodite); s, processus solénomérital; t, processus tarsal. Échelle: 0,2 mm.
FIG. 1 in Nouvelle description, classification, répartition et variations morphologiques interpopulations d'un diplopode troglobie du sud-est du Brésil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)
FIG. 1. — Schéma de localisation des cavités dans la zone de karst; 1, Gruta Areias de Cima (= Areias I); 2, Gruta Areias de Baixo (= Areias II); 3, Gruta-Ressurgência das Areias da Agua Quente; 4, Caverna Alambari de Cima.
FIG. 3 in Nouvelle description, classification, répartition et variations morphologiques interpopulations d'un diplopode troglobie du sud-est du Brésil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)
FIG. 3. — Leodesmus yporangae (Schubart, 1946), forme « type »: gonopodes de mâles de la Gruta-Ressurgência das Areias da Agua Quente (A-E) et de la Gruta Areias de Baixo (F-J); A, vue caudale du gonopode droit d'un mâle de la Gruta-Ressurgência das Areias da Agua Quente (1997, coll. Santos); B, vue latérale externe du gonopode gauche du même mâle; C, vue latérale externe du gonopode droit d'un autre mâle de la même cavité (1979, coll. Cesar J.); D, vue médiale du tibiotarse du gonopode gauche d'un mâle de la même cavité (22.X.1983, coll. Godoy); E, vue latérale externe du tibiotarse du gonopode droit du même mâle; F, vue médiale du gonopode droit du mâle lectotype (Areias de Baixo, 1942, coll. Pavan/Dreifuss, MZUSP 818); G, vue latérale externe du gonopode gauche du même mâle; H, vue latérale externe du gonopode droit d'un autre mâle de la même cavité (coll. Dreifuss/Pavan, MZUSP 814); I, vue médiale du tibiotarse du gonopode gauche d'un autre mâle de la même cavité (MZUSP 819); J, vue latérale externe du tibiotarse du gonopode droit du même mâle. Abréviations: cc, crochet coxal; dce, dent coxale externe; pf, préfémur; ppf, processus préfémoral; a, champ antérieur du ppf; p, champ postérieur du ppf; tt, tibiotarse (= acropodite); s, processus solénomérital; t, processus tarsal. Échelle: 0,2 mm.
Mitonuclear effects on sex ratio persist across generations in interpopulation hybrids
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Pervasive mitonuclear coadaptation underlies fast development in interpopulation hybrids of a marine crustacean
<p>Cellular energy production requires coordinated interactions between genetic components from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. This coordination results in coadaptation of interacting elements within populations. Interbreeding between divergent gene pools can disrupt coadapted loci and result in hybrid fitness breakdown. While specific incompatible loci have been detected in mutiple eukaryotic taxa, the extent of the nuclear genome that is influenced by mitonuclear coadaptation is not clear in any species. Here, we used F<sub>2</sub> hybrids between two divergent populations of the copepod <em>Tigriopus californicus</em> to examine mitonuclear coadaptation across the nuclear genome. Using developmental rate as a measure of fitness, we fount that fast-developing copepods had higher ATP synthesis capacity than slow developers, suggesting variation in developmental rates is at least partly associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Using Pool-seq, we detected strong biases for maternal alleles across 7 (of 12) chomosomes in both reciprocal crosses in high-fitness hybrids, while low-fitness hybrids showed shifts towards the paternal population. Comparison with previous results on a different hybrid cross revealed largely different patterns of strong mitonuclear coadaptation associated with developmental rate. Our findings suggest that functional coadaptation between interacting nuclear and mitochondrial components is reflected in strong polygenic effects on this life-history phenotype, and reveal that molecular coadaptation follows independent evolutionary trajectories among isolated populations.</p>
Figure 2 in Interpopulation differences in shell forms of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata radiata (Bivalvia: Pterioida), in the northern Persian Gulf inferred from principal component analysis and elliptic Fourier analysis
Figure 2. Morphological measurements of the shell in P. imbricata radiata that were used in PCA.
Data from: Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus
<p>Coevolved genetic interactions within populations can be disrupted by hybridization resulting in loss of fitness in hybrid individuals (i.e., hybrid breakdown). However, the extent to which variation in fitness-related traits among hybrids is inherited across generations remains unclear, and variation in these traits may be sex-specific in hybrids due to differential effects of genetic incompatibilities in females and males. Here we present two experiments investigating variation in developmental rate among reciprocal inter-population hybrids of the intertidal copepod <em>Tigriopus</em> <em>californicus</em>. Developmental rate is a fitness-related trait in this species that is affected by interactions between mitochondrial-encoded and nuclear-encoded genes in hybrids that result in variation in mitochondrial ATP synthesis capacities. First, we show that F<sub>2</sub>-hybrid developmental rate is equivalent in two reciprocal crosses and is unaffected by sex, suggesting that breakdown of developmental rate is likely experienced equally by females and males. Second, we demonstrate that variation in developmental rate among F<sub>3</sub> hybrids is heritable; times to copepodid metamorphosis of F<sub>4</sub> offspring of fast-developing F<sub>3</sub> parents (12.25 ± 0.05 d, μ ± SEM) were significantly faster than those of F<sub>4</sub> offspring of slow-developing parents (14.58 ± 0.05 d). Third, we find that ATP synthesis rates in these F<sub>4</sub> hybrids are unaffected by the developmental rates of their parents, but that mitochondria from females synthesize ATP at faster rates than mitochondria from males. Taken together, these results suggest that sex-specific effects vary among fitness-related traits in these hybrids and that effects likely associated with hybrid breakdown display substantial inheritance across hybrid generations.</p>
Pervasive mitonuclear coadaptation underlies fast development in interpopulation hybrids of a marine crustacean
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Data from: Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus
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Interpopulation variation in sexual dichromatism in the neotropical grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens (Orthoptera: pyrgomorphidae).
<p>Cryptic coloration is an adaptative defensive mechanism against predators. Color patterns can become cryptic through background coloration-matching and disruptive coloration. Disruptive coloration may evolve in visually heterogeneous microhabitats, whereas background matching could be favored in chromatically homogeneous microhabitats. In this work, we used digital photography to explore the potential use of disruptive coloration and background matching in males and females of the neotropical grasshopper <em>Sphenarium purpurascens</em> in different habitats. We found chromatic differences in the three habitats and sexual dichromatism that may be explained by local adaptation. Even though females and males are sexually dichromatic, there are interpopulation differences in the magnitude of the sexual dichromatism. In an environment highly contrasting, but visually homogeneous, both males and females seem to follow mainly a disruptive strategy, whereas in highly contrasting and heterogeneous environments males and females seem to follow different color cryptic strategies, males are more disruptive than females. In contrast, females have a high background matching with less disruptive elements. The predators’ selective pressures in different microhabitats and the differences in mobility between sexes may explain the color pattern divergence between females and males.</p>
Data from: Interpopulation variation in a condition-dependent signal: predation regime affects signal intensity and reliability
In many models of sexual selection, conspicuous ornaments are preferred by mates because they indicate heritable signaler viability. To function as indicators, ornaments must exhibit a proportional relationship between expression and viability. In cases where the evolutionary interests of signaler and receiver diverge, selection favors exploitative exaggeration by low-viability individuals producing unreliable signals. Theory suggests that the evolutionary stability of such communication systems requires costs that prevent low-viability males from expressing disproportionately intense signals. Therefore, given ecological variation in signaling cost, the reliability of signaling systems will vary concomitantly. In this study, we assess the effect of a variable signal cost, predation, on signal intensity and reliability among 16 populations of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) that use colorful dorsal fins in courtship displays. We found that fin coloration was more intense in low-predation sites and could be used to predict body condition. However, this predictive relationship was apparent only in populations subject to predation risk. We demonstrate an important role for ecological signaling cost in communication and show that ecological heterogeneity drives interpopulation variation in both the intensity and the reliability of a sexual signal.
FIGURE 15. Schematic maps showing interpopulational genetic divergences within P in Taxonomic revision of Phascogale tapoatafa (Meyer, 1793) (Dasyuridae; Marsupialia), including descriptions of two new subspecies and confirmation of P. pirata Thomas, 1904 as a ' Top End' endemic
FIGURE 15. Schematic maps showing interpopulational genetic divergences within P. tapoatafa (sensu lato) for cytochrome b (ranges of pairwise raw sequence divergences): a) divergences between the 'Top End' population and each other regional population; and b) divergences among all populations of P. tapoatafa, excluding the 'Top End' population.
Genetic and behavioral factors affecting interpopulation color pattern variation in two congeneric chameleon species
<p>We conducted a study on interpopulation variation of color patterns in two congeneric chameleon species, which have an analogous life history. Both species are able to rapidly change color pattern, and context-dependent color patterns often vary across a wide geographic range. Specifically, we tested four hypotheses that can explain the observed interpopulation variation of color patterns by a series of behavioral field trials where the color patterns of individuals were recorded and later analyzed by a deep neural network algorithm. We used redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to relate genetic, spectral, and behavioral predictors to interpopulation color pattern distance. Our results showed that both isolation by distance and alternative mating tactics were significant predictors for interpopulation color pattern variation in <em>Chamaeleo</em> <em>chamaeleon</em> males. In contrast, in <em>C. dilepis</em>, the interpopulation color pattern variation was largely explained by isolation by distance, and the evidence for alternative mating tactics was absent. In both chameleon species, the environmental colors showed no evidence of influencing chameleon interpopulation color pattern variation, regardless of sex or behavioral context. This contrasting finding suggests that interpopulation context-dependent color pattern variations in each species are maintained under a different set of selective pressures or circumstances.</p>
Data and code to replicate the analyses in "Interpopulation differences in male reproductive effort drive the population dynamics of a host exposed to an emerging fungal pathogen"
<p>Data and code used to run the analyses presented in the article "Interpopulation differences in male reproductive effort drive the population dynamics of a host exposed to an emerging fungal pathogen" published in Journal of Animal Ecology. Please cite this article if you use the data or write to the authors for a potential collaboration. If you require further details about the data please write to: andresvalenzuela.zoo@gmail or avalenzuela@ranitadedarwin.org.</p> <p>This study is part of an ongoing long-term monitoring program focused on the threatened Southern Darwin's frog (<em>Rhinoderma darwinii</em>), led by the Chilean non-profit organization ONG Ranita de Darwin (www.ranitadedarwin.org/monitoreo). This project has been funded by Zoo Leipzig, The National Geographic Society, Rufford Foundation, Weeden Foundation, Mohamed Bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund, VONA, Fundación Huilo Huilo, and Fundación MERI. We want to thank to the many volunteers that have kindly participated during this project.</p>
Demographic and Interpopulation Variations in Evaluation and Results of TAVI
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07258706. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 5. Publications: 3.
Interpopulation variation in growth, CTMax and metabolism among seasonal phenologies of Chinook Salmon
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