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75 results for “intraspecific competition”
Raw data used in Kumar et al. 2020: Barley shoot biomass responds strongly to N:P stoichiometry and intraspecific competition, whereas roots only alter their foraging
<p>Raw data used in Kumar et al. 2020: Barley shoot biomass responds strongly to N:P stoichiometry and intraspecific competition, whereas roots only alter their foraging</p>
Datasets for "Intraspecific interactions in the annual legume Medicago minima are shaped by both genetic variation for competitive ability and reduced competition among kin"
<p>Datasets for “Intraspecific interactions in the annual legume <em>Medicago minima</em> are shaped by both genetic variation for competitive ability and reduced competition among kin”</p> <p>Two datasets are provided.</p> <p>root_behavior_experiment_for_ms.csv: provides data relative to a root behaviour experiment where <em>Medicago minima</em> genotypes grew either with a kin or a non kin. Direction of root growth, root length and biomass were measured.</p> <p>Medicago_minima_biomass_dataMerge.csv: provides data relative to a minicommunity experiment where <em>Medicago minima </em>genotypes were grown surrounded by three kin genotypes, or three non-kin genotypes (i.e. stranger to the central plant but identical to each other) or three stranger genotypes (stranger to the central plant and to each other). For this second experiment above-ground growth and biomass were monitored.</p> <p>Detailed information on the dataset variables are provided in the metadata file.</p> <p>Code for data wrangling and analyses is included in the manuscript as an appendix.</p>
Fig. 1 in Cricotopus lebetis intraspecific competition and damage to hydrilla
Fig. 1. Effect of intraspecific competition on adult eclosion and pupation of Cricotopus lebetis. Average percentage pupation and adult eclosion for 1, 2, 3, and 4 larvae per single tip of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle). Different letters indicate significance between the number of larvae per tip of hydrilla using a least significant differences (LSD) test within groups. Capital letters indicate differences in adult eclosion, and lowercase letters indicate differences in pupation.
Data for: Hardwoods influence effect of climate and intraspecific competition on growth of woodland longleaf pine trees
<p>Longleaf pine woodlands of the North American Coastal Plain are proposed to be resilient to climate change impacts, but little is known about changes in limiting factors to longleaf pine growth as climate has changed in the late 20<sup>th</sup> and early 21<sup>st</sup> centuries. Moreover, the role that neighborhood trees play in the context of climate change remains largely unexplored. We used static and moving-window tree-ring and climatic analyses to measure the effects of climate on longleaf pine growth at a site in southwest Georgia, USA. We then performed maximum likelihood analysis to examine the influence of neighboring hardwoods on the response of longleaf pine growth to the joint effects of competition and climate. Analysis of climate data from local stations in southwest Georgia over six decades indicated that mean air temperature decreased until the late 20<sup>th </sup>century and then began to rise, and that the variability of spring and summer precipitation has increased. Tree ring and climate analyses indicated longleaf pine radial growth is sensitive to precipitation and air temperature, and that the strength of correlation of longleaf pine growth to summer air temperature and summer precipitation increased since the 1950s. Likelihood models, which were applied over a shorter (23-year) period and explicitly incorporated competition, did not support a link between summer temperature and growth but did indicate summer precipitation increased growth. Furthermore, basal area of neighboring hardwoods was correlated with greater pine growth per millimeter of precipitation. Basal area of neighboring longleaf pine negatively affected the growth of conspecific trees; the presence of hardwoods increased the competitive effect when basal area of neighboring pine trees was low (<10 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>) but decreased the competitive effect when basal area of neighboring pine trees was high (≥ 10 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>). These results suggest that retention or recruitment of hardwood trees when restoring longleaf pine woodlands may contribute to increased ability to withstand dry summers and may help to allay concerns of managers that retention of hardwoods will unduly affect the growth of residual mature longleaf pines.</p>
Data for: Hardwoods influence effect of climate and intraspecific competition on growth of woodland longleaf pine trees
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Data from: An experimental investigation of how intraspecific competition and phenotypic plasticity can promote the evolution of novel, complex phenotypes
<p>Intraspecific competition has long been considered a key driver of evolutionary diversification, but whether it can also promote evolutionary innovation is less clear. We examined the interplay between competition and phenotypic plasticity in fueling the origins of a novel, complex phenotype––a distinctive carnivore morph found in spadefoot toad tadpoles (genus <i>Spea</i>) that specializes on fairy shrimp. We specifically sought to explore the possible origins of this phenotype by providing shrimp to <i>Scaphiopus holbrookii</i> tadpoles (the sister genus to <i>Spea </i>that does not produce carnivores) while subjecting them to competition for their standard diet of detritus. Previous research had shown that this species will eat shrimp when detritus is limited, and that these shrimp-fed individuals produce features that are redolent of a rudimentary <i>Spea </i>carnivore. In this study, we found that: 1) behavioral and morphological plasticity enabled some individuals to expand their diet to include shrimp; 2) there was heritable variation in this plasticity; and 3) individuals received a growth and development benefit by eating shrimp. Thus, novel resource use can arise via plasticity as an adaptive response to intraspecific competition. More generally, our results show how competition and plasticity may interact to pave the way for the evolution of complex, novel phenotypes, such as the distinctive carnivore morph in present-day <i>Spea</i>.</p>
Data from: Multiple facets of diversity effects on plant productivity: species richness, functional diversity, species identity and intraspecific competition
<p>1. Deciphering the mechanisms that drive variation in biomass production across plant communities of contrasting species composition and diversity is a main challenge of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. Niche complementarity and selection effect have been widely investigated to address biodiversity-productivity relationships. However, the overlooking of the specific role played by key species have limited so far our capacity to comprehensively assess the relative importance of other potential drivers of biodiversity effects.</p> <p>2. Here, we conducted a grassland diversity-productivity experiment to test how four potential facets of biodiversity effects, namely species richness, functional diversity, species identity and the relaxation of intraspecific competition, account for variations in above and root biomass production.</p> <p>3. We grew six plant species in monoculture, as well as in every combinations of two, three and six species. Plant density was kept constant across the richness gradient but we additionally grew each species in half-density monoculture to estimate the strength of intraspecific competition for each studied species. We characterized eight functional traits, including root traits, related to nutrient and light acquisition and computed both the functional dissimilarity and the community weighted mean (CWM) of each trait. We further partitioned aboveground biodiversity effect into complementarity and selection effects.</p> <p>4. We observed strong positive biodiversity effects on both aboveground and root biomass as well as strong positive complementarity effect. These arose largely from the presence of a particular species (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i>) and from CWM trait values more than from a higher functional dissimilarity in plant mixtures. <i>P. lanceolata</i> displayed the highest intraspecific competition, which was strongly relaxed in species mixtures. By contrast, the presence of <i>Sanguisorba minor</i> negatively affected the productivity of plant mixtures, this species suffering more from interspecific than intraspecific competition.</p> <p>5. This study provides strong evidences that the search for key species is critical to understand the role of species diversity on ecosystem functioning and demonstrates the major role that the balance between intraspecific and interspecific competition plays in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Developing more integrative approaches in community and ecosystem ecology can offer opportunities to better understand the role that species diversity plays on ecosystem functioning.</p>
Data from: Cascading effects of a top predator on intraspecific competition at intermediate and basal trophic levels
1. Predators can impact competition among prey by altering prey density via consumption or by causing prey to modify their traits or foraging behavior. Yet, differences between these two mechanisms may lead to different cascading impacts on lower trophic levels. 2. Using a crab-snail-barnacle rocky intertidal food chain, we tested the effects of predation risk from crabs (top predators) on intraspecific competition among snails (intermediate consumers) and emergent indirect effects on the density of and competition between barnacles (basal resources). 3. The per capita foraging and growth rates of snails declined with high conspecific density. Predation risk from crabs, which caused even larger reductions in snail foraging and growth, weakened competition among snails, whereas a 45% increase in barnacle density had no detectable effect on snail competition. 4. Intraspecific competition between barnacles, however, depended on the interactive effects of barnacle density, snail density, and crab predation risk. Barnacles developed hummocking morphologies as they grew and competed for space. Hummock formation (a proxy for competition) increased as a result of either greater initial barnacle density or reduced snail foraging pressure, but these effects depended on predation risk. 5. The effects of crab predation risk on snail foraging behavior weakened an otherwise strong relationship between barnacle density and hummock development: hummocking increased with barnacle density in the absence of crabs but remained relatively high when crabs were present. In communities with similar final barnacle densities, hummocking was more common in those with crabs than those without crabs. 6. The extent to which predators can drive trophic cascades by suppressing the foraging rates of their prey is highly context-dependent: the positive trait-mediated indirect effect of predators on basal resource abundance is stronger when many prey respond simultaneously to the threat of predation. However, our results demonstrate that top predators can also enhance competition among basal resources even when their indirect effect on resource abundance is relatively weak. Hence, the cascading effects of predators on competition within lower trophic levels may play an important but underappreciated role in the dynamics of basal resource populations and the communities they support.
Data from: Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition
Theory predicts that intraspecific competition should be stronger than interspecific competition for any pair of stably coexisting species, yet previous literature reviews found little support for this pattern. We screened over 5400 publications and identified 39 studies that quantified phenomenological intraspecific and interspecific interactions in terrestrial plant communities. Of the 67% of species pairs in which both intra- and interspecific effects were negative (competition), intraspecific competition was, on average, four to five-fold stronger than interspecific competition. Of the remaining pairs, 93% featured intraspecific competition and interspecific facilitation, a situation that stabilizes coexistence. The difference between intra- and interspecific effects tended to be larger in observational than experimental data sets, in field than greenhouse studies, and in studies that quantified population growth over the full life cycle rather than single fitness components. Our results imply that processes promoting stable coexistence at local scales are common and consequential across terrestrial plant communities.
Intraspecific trait variation alters the outcome of competition in freshwater ciliates
<p>Trait variation among heterospecific and conspecific organisms may substantially affect community and food web dynamics. While the relevance of competition and feeding traits have been widely studied for different consumer species, studies on intraspecific differences are more scarce, partly owing to difficulties in distinguishing different clones of the same species. Here, we investigate how intraspecific trait variation affects the competition between the freshwater ciliates <i>Euplotes octocarinatus</i> and <i>Coleps hirtus</i> in a nitrogen-limited chemostat system. The ciliates competed for the microalgae <i>Cryptomonas</i> sp. (<i>Cry</i>) and <i>Navicula pelliculosa</i> (<i>Nav</i>), and the bacteria present in the cultures over a period of 33 days. We used monoclonal <i>Euplotes</i> and three different <i>Coleps</i> clones (<i>Col</i> 1, <i>Col</i> 2, <i>Col</i> 3) in the experiment that could be distinguished by a newly developed rDNA-based molecular assay based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. While <i>Euplotes</i> feeds on <i>Cry</i> and on bacteria, the <i>Coleps</i> clones cannot survive on bacteria alone but feed on both <i>Cry</i> and <i>Nav</i> with clone-specific rates. Experimental treatments comprised two-species mixtures of <i>Euplotes</i> and one or all of the three different <i>Coleps</i> clones, respectively. We found intraspecific variation in the traits "selectivity" and "maximum ingestion rate" for the different algae to significantly affect the competitive outcome between the two ciliate species. As <i>Nav</i> quickly escaped top-down control and likely reached a state of low food quality, ciliate competition was strongly determined by the preference of different <i>Coleps</i> clones for <i>Cry</i> as opposed to feeding on <i>Nav</i>. In addition, the ability of <i>Euplotes</i> to use bacteria as an alternative food source strengthened its persistence once <i>Cry</i> was depleted. Hence, trait variation at both trophic levels co-determined the population dynamics and the outcome of species competition. --</p>
Effects of intraspecific competition and body mass on diet specialisation in a mammalian scavenger
<p>1. Animals that rely extensively on scavenging rather than hunting must exploit resources that are inherently patchy, dangerous, or subject to competition. Though it may be expected that scavenging species should therefore form opportunistic feeding habits in order to survive, a broad population diet may mask specialisation occurring at an individual level.</p> <p>2. To test this, we used stable isotope analysis to analyse the degree of specialisation in the diet of the Tasmanian devil, one of few mammalian species to develop adaptations for scavenging.</p> <p>3. We found that the majority of individuals were dietary specialists, indicating that they fed within a narrow trophic niche despite their varied diet as a population.</p> <p>4. Even in competitive populations, only small individuals could be classified as true trophic generalists; larger animals in those populations were trophic specialists. In populations with reduced levels of competition, all individuals were capable of being trophic specialists.</p> <p>5. Heavier individuals showed a greater degree of trophic specialisation, suggesting either that mass is an important driver of diet choice or that trophic specialisation is an efficient foraging strategy allowing greater mass gain.</p> <p>6. Devils may be unique among scavenging mammals in the extent to which they can specialise their diets, having been released from the competitive pressure of larger carnivores.</p>
Data from: Multiple facets of diversity effects on plant productivity: species richness, functional diversity, species identity and intraspecific competition
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Data from: An experimental investigation of how intraspecific competition and phenotypic plasticity can promote the evolution of novel, complex phenotypes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Intraspecific seed competition and genetic diversity within the capsule fruits of Aristolochia contorta
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Measuring competition coefficients in an ant community: Implications for intraspecific adaptation load
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Data from: Cascading effects of a top predator on intraspecific competition at intermediate and basal trophic levels
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Intraspecific trait variation alters the outcome of competition in freshwater ciliates
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Data from: Competition and coexistence in plant communities: intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition
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Effects of intraspecific competition and body mass on diet specialisation in a mammalian scavenger
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Source data for: Antagonistic effects of intraspecific cooperation and interspecific competition on thermal performance
<p>Understanding how climate-mediated biotic interactions shape thermal niche width is critical in an era of global change. Yet, most previous work on thermal niches has ignored detailed mechanistic information about the relationship between temperature and organismal performance, which can be described by a thermal performance curve. Here, we develop a model that predicts the width of thermal performance curves will be narrower in the presence of interspecific competitors, causing a species' optimal breeding temperature to diverge from that of its competitor. We test this prediction in the Asian burying beetle <i>Nicrophorus nepalensis</i>, confirming that the divergence in actual and optimal breeding temperatures is the result of competition with their primary competitor, blowflies. However, we further show that intraspecific cooperation enables beetles to outcompete blowflies by recovering their optimal breeding temperature. Ultimately, linking abiotic factors and biotic interactions on niche width will be critical for understanding species-specific responses to climate change.</p>
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