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112 results for “introduced population”
Population-level health and economic impacts of introducing Vaccae vaccination in China: A modeling study
<p>Supplementary to "Population-level health and economic impacts of introducing Vaccae vaccination in China: A modeling study"</p>
Data and R code used in: Plant geographic distribution influences chemical defenses in native and introduced Plantago lanceolata populations
<p>Plants growing outside their native range may be confronted by new regimes of herbivory, but how this affects plant chemical defense profiles has rarely been studied. Using <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as a model species, we investigated whether introduced populations show significant differences from native populations in several growth and chemical defense traits. <em>Plantago lanceolata </em>(ribwort plantain) is an herbaceous plant species native to Europe and Western Asia that has been introduced to numerous countries worldwide. We sampled seeds from nine native and ten introduced populations that covered a broad geographic and environmental range and performed a common garden experiment in a greenhouse, in which we infested half of the plants in each population with caterpillars of the generalist herbivore <em>Spodoptera littoralis</em>. We then measured size-related and resource-allocation traits as well as the levels of constitutive and induced chemical defense compounds in roots and shoots of <em>P. lanceolata</em>. When we considered the environmental characteristics of the site of origin, our results revealed that populations from introduced ranges were characterized by an increase of chemical defense compounds without compromising plant biomass. The concentrations of iridoid glycosides and verbascoside, the major anti-herbivore defense compounds of <em>P. lanceolata</em>,<em> </em>were higher in introduced populations than in native populations. In addition, introduced populations exhibited greater rates of herbivore-induced volatile organic compound emission and diversity, and similar chemical diversity based on untargeted analyses of leaf methanol extracts. In general, the geographic origin of the populations had a significant influence on morphological and chemical plant traits, suggesting that <em>P. lanceolata</em> populations are not only adapted to different environments in their native range but also in their introduced range.</p>
Introduced populations of ragweed show as much evolutionary potential as native populations
<p>Invasive species are a global economic and ecological problem. They also offer an opportunity to understand evolutionary processes in a colonizing context. The impacts of evolutionary factors, such as genetic variation, on the invasion process are increasingly appreciated, but there remain gaps in the empirical literature. The adaptive potential of populations can be quantified using genetic variance–covariance matrices <strong>(G)</strong>, which encapsulate the heritable genetic variance in a population. Here, we use a multivariate Bayesian approach to assess the adaptive potential of invasive populations of ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em>), a serious allergen and agricultural weed. We compared several aspects of genetic architecture and the structure of <strong>G</strong> matrices between three native and three introduced populations, based on phenotypic data collected in a field common garden experiment. We found moderate differences in the quantitative genetic architecture among populations, but we did not find that introduced populations suffer from a limited adaptive potential or increased genetic constraint compared with native populations. Ragweed has an annual life history, is an obligate outcrosser, and produces very large numbers of seeds and pollen grains. These characteristics, combined with the significant additive genetic variance documented here, suggest ragweed will be able to respond quickly to selection pressures in both its native and introduced ranges.</p>
Fig. 2 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment
Fig. 2. Seasonal changes in tick abundance of the dominant species (A) H. megaspinosa, (B) H. longicornis, and (C) H. cornigera on Niijima Island. (Broken line with black dot: Larvae, Dotted-dashes line with back triangles: Nymphs, Solid line with crosses: Adults).
Fig. 3 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment
Fig. 3. Statistical summary of the abundances of H. megaspinosa larvae. (A) Days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November, (B) days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November for the high sika deer group, and (C) days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November for the low sika deer group. (X mark inside box: mean, lower and upper side of the box: first and third quartiles, line inside box: median, lower and upper error lines 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively, circles: data falling outside 10th and 90th percentiles).
Fig. 1 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment
Fig. 1. Map of Niijima Island, with locations of foot snare traps (black circle), and tick collection routes for the tick survey conducted June, August, and November of 2018 and February of 2019 (orange area). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Data for: Population niche width is driven by within-individual niche expansion and individual specialization in introduced brook trout in mountain lakes
<p><span>The width of a population's resource use niche is determined by individual diet breadth ("within-individual component") and the degree of niche partitioning between individuals ("between-individual component"). The balance between these two factors affects ecological stability and evolutionary trajectories, and may shift as ecological opportunity permits broader population niches. Lakes in California's Sierra Nevada Mountains vary in resource diversity for introduced brook trout (<em>Salvelinus fontinalis</em>) due to elevation, lake morphometry, and watershed features. We compared the relative contributions of within- and between-individual niche components to two measures of the dietary niches of thirteen populations of brook trout: prey taxonomic composition and prey size distribution. For both taxonomic and size diversity of fish diets, population niche width was positively related to both the within- and between-individual components. For taxonomic diversity, the two components increased in parallel, while for size diversity, the between-individual component became more important relative to the within-individual component in populations with the greatest niche widths. Our results support the Niche Variation Hypothesis that populations with broader niches are more heterogeneous among individuals and show that individual niche width and individual specialization can operate in parallel to expand the population niche.</span></p>
Data and R code used in: Plant geographic distribution influences chemical defenses in native and introduced Plantago lanceolata populations
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Data from: Limited population structure but signals of recent selection in introduced African Fig Fly (Zaprionus indianus) in North America
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Introduced populations of ragweed show as much evolutionary potential as native populations
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Data for: Population niche width is driven by within-individual niche expansion and individual specialization in introduced brook trout in mountain lakes
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Data from: New and Old World phylogeography of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus): the North American origin of introduced populations in Europe
To determine the origin of introduced European populations of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) – a freshwater sunfish, native to eastern North America that has spread across western and central Europe – we investigated the phylogeography of the species by sequencing the mitochondrial NADH subunit 1 gene. A total of 543 pumpkinseed were sampled from 32 sites across the native range of the species, and from 19 sites covering much of its introduced European range. The presence and geographic distribution of two distinct clades in North American populations were discovered, suggesting that pumpkinseed survived the Pleistocene glaciations in two refugia (Atlantic and Mississippian). Analyses of mitochondrial variation revealed that European pumpkinseed may have been introduced to Europe from at least two distinct sources, but from the Atlantic drainages of North America only, which is consistent with historical records. Within Europe, haplotype distributions of pumpkinseed lend support to the entry of non-native fishes into Iberia via the so-called 'Perpignan–Barcelona corridor'. European populations possessed lower genetic diversity than populations from North America, suggesting that low genetic diversity may not preclude a species from establishing and spreading into new environments outside of their native range.
Fitness maps to a large-effect locus in introduced stickleback populations
<p>Mutations of small effect underlie most adaptation to new environments, but beneficial variants with large fitness effects are expected to contribute under certain conditions. Genes and genomic regions having large effects on phenotypic differences between populations are known from numerous taxa, but fitness effect sizes have rarely been estimated. We mapped fitness over a generation in an F2 intercross between a marine and a lake stickleback population introduced to a freshwater pond. A QTL map of the number of surviving offspring per F2 female detected a single, large-effect locus near <i>Ectodysplasin</i> (<i>Eda</i>), a gene having an ancient freshwater allele causing reduced bony armor and other changes. F2 females homozygous for the freshwater allele had twice the number of surviving offspring as homozygotes for the marine allele, producing a large selection coefficient, <i>s</i> = 0.50 ± 0.09 SE. Correspondingly, the frequency of the freshwater allele increased from 0.50 in F2 mothers to 0.58 in surviving offspring. We compare these results to observed allele frequency changes at the <i>Eda</i> gene in an Alaskan lake population colonized by marine stickleback in the 1980's. The frequency of the freshwater <i>Eda</i> allele rose steadily over multiple generations and reached 95% within 20 years, yielding a similar estimate of selection, <i>s</i> = 0.49 ± 0.05. These findings are consistent with other studies suggesting strong selection on this gene (and/or linked genes) in fresh water. Selection on ancient genetic variants carried by colonizing ancestors is likely to increase the prevalence of large-effect fitness variants in adaptive evolution.</p>
Data from: Does sex-biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host-associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid?
Host recognition and use in female parasitoids strongly relies on host fidelity, a plastic behavior which can significantly restrict the host preferences of parasitoids, thus reducing the gene flow between parasitoid populations attacking different insect hosts. However, the effect of migrant males on the genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite its known impact on gene flow between populations. Hence, we studied the extent of gene flow mediated by female and male parasitoids by assessing sibship relationships among parasitoids within and between populations, and its impact on geographic and host-associated differentiation in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. We report evidences of a high gene flow among parasitoid populations on different aphid hosts and geographic locations. The high gene flow among parasitoid populations was found to be largely male mediated, suggested by significant differences in the distribution of full-sib and paternal half-sib dyads of parasitoid populations.
Dataset to study the population genomics of introduced Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: repeated introductions since colonial times with multiple sources
<p>During colonial times, Nile tilapia <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) was introduced in non-native parts of the Congo Basin (Democratic Republic of the Congo, DRC) for the first time. Currently, it is the most farmed cichlid in the DRC, and is present throughout the Congo Basin. Although Nile tilapia has been reported as an invasive species, documentation of historical introductions into this basin and its consequences are scant. Here, we study the genetic consequences of these introductions by genotyping 213 Nile tilapia from native and introduced regions, focussing on the Congo Basin. Additionally, 48 specimens from 16 other tilapia species were included to test for hybridisation. Using RAD sequencing (27 611 SNPs), we discovered genetic admixture with other tilapia species in several morphologically identified Nile tilapia from the Congo Basin, stressing their ability to interbreed and the potential threat they cause to the genetic integrity of native tilapias. Populations from the Upper Congo and those from the Middle-Lower Congo are strongly differentiated. The former show genetic similarity with Nile tilapia from the White Nile, while specimens from the Benue Basin and Lake Kariba are similar to Nile tilapia from the Middle-Lower Congo, suggesting independent introductions using different sources. We conclude that the presence of Nile tilapia in the Congo Basin results from independent introductions, reflecting the dynamic aquaculture history, and that their introduction probably leads to genetic interactions with native tilapias, which could lower their fitness. We therefore urge to avoid introductions of Nile tilapia in non-native regions and to use native tilapias in future aquaculture efforts.</p>
How extreme drought events , introduced species, and disease interact to impact influence threatened amphibian populations
<p>Long term dataset of amphibian breeding in the Bay Area of California. We used this 7-y dataset (2013–2019) on amphibian breeding activity that encompassed a recent extreme drought event to assess 1) how breeding activities of these taxa differed during and after drought conditions and 2) the additive and interactive relationships of drought, chytrid fungal infection (Bd), and invasive species with the presence and abundance of larval amphibians.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Phylogenetic, population structure, and population demographic analyses reveal that Vicia sepium in Japan is native and not introduced
<p><span><em>Vicia</em> <em>sepium</em></span><span> (bush vetch) is a perennial legume widely distributed throughout the Eurasian continent. However, its distribution in Japan is limited to Mt. Ibuki and small parts of central and southern Hokkaido. Therefore, each Japanese <em>V. sepium</em> lineage has been considered to have been introduced separately from Europe. Here, we examined whether the species was introduced or not on the basis of cpDNA sequences and genome-wide SNPs from Japanese and overseas samples. Both the cpDNA haplotype network and the nuclear DNA phylogenetic tree showed that Japanese <em>V. sepium</em> is monophyletic. Furthermore, although the nuclear DNA phylogenetic tree also showed that each lineage is clearly monophyletic, genetic admixture of the genetic cluster dominated in the Hokkaido lineage was also detected in the Mt. Ibuki lineage. Population divergence analysis showed that the two lineages diverged during the last glacial period. The Mt. Ibuki lineage showed a sudden population decline 300–400 years ago, indicating that some anthropogenic activity might be involved, while the Hokkaido lineage showed a gradual population decline from 5,000 years ago. Consequently, these two lineages show low current genetic diversity compared with overseas lineages. These results show that the Japanese <em>V. sepium</em> is not introduced but is native.</span></p>
Data from: Does sex-biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host-associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid?
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Data from: Phylogenetic, population structure, and population demographic analyses reveal that Vicia sepium in Japan is native and not introduced
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: New and Old World phylogeography of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus): the North American origin of introduced populations in Europe
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.