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48 results for “introduction history”
Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Species characteristics and cultivation are both associated with alien plant naturalization and invasiveness. Particular species characteristics are favored for cultivation, obscuring the relationship between traits and naturalization success. We sought to better understand the drivers of naturalization and invasiveness by analyzing relationships with species characteristics and cultivation and by disentangling the direct effects of characteristics from the indirect effects mediated by cultivation.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Great Britain</p> <p><strong>Time period:</strong> c. 1000–present</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied:</strong> Seed plants</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used a comprehensive dataset of 17,396 alien plant taxa introduced to Great Britain before 1850, a country with one of the most well-documented histories of plant introductions. We integrated this with cultivation data from historical and modern records of botanic gardens and commercial nurseries and with trait data. Accounting for time since introduction, we quantified the influences of cultivation and species characteristics on present-day naturalization and invasiveness in Great Britain.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Larger native range size, earlier flowering, long-lived herbaceous growth form, and outdoor cultivated habitat were all associated with naturalization. However, these relationships between characteristics and naturalization largely reflected cultivation patterns. The indirect, mediating influence of cultivation on naturalization varied among species characteristics, and was relatively strong for growth form and weak for native range size. Cultivation variables, particularly availability in present-day nurseries, best explained invasiveness, while species characteristics had weaker associations.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Human influence on species introduction and cultivation is associated with increased probability of naturalization and invasiveness, and it has measurable indirect effects by biasing the distribution of species characteristics in the pool of introduced species. Accounting for human cultivation preferences is necessary to make ecological interpretations of the effects of species characteristics on invasion.</p>
Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants
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Genetic evidence further elucidates the history and extent of badger introductions from Great Britain into Ireland
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Data from: Insights into the introduction history and population genetic dynamics of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in Florida
Invasive species are widely recognized as important drivers of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. The US state of Florida is especially susceptible to the proliferation of invasive reptiles, and nonnative lizards currently outnumber native lizard species. At present, there are three documented breeding populations of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in different regions of Southern Florida, and these populations are considered potential dangers to threatened, fossorial endemics, such as burrowing owls, American crocodiles, and gopher tortoises. Nevertheless, at present, both the introduction histories of these populations and the degree to which they are connected by gene flow are not known. To address these issues, we genotyped V. niloticus from Cape Coral, Homestead Air Reserve Base, and West Palm Beach at 17 microsatellite loci and conducted a variety of analyses to assess both intra-population genetic diversity, the degree of gene flow between populations, and the most likely introduction scenario. The results of our analyses demonstrate that all three populations have limited genetic diversity (mean number of effective alleles across loci in all three populations ~ 2.00) and are highly differentiated from one another (GST = 0.268; G''ST = 0.628). Our results also suggest that these populations resulted from independent introduction events that occurred within the past few decades. Consequently, we advise that wildlife managers focus management efforts on containment of existing populations and intensification of monitoring efforts on potential migration corridors.
Figure 1 in Head morphology reflects the introduction history in a globally invasive carnivore-the small Indian mongoose
Figure 1. Geographical distribution and introduction history of the small Indian mongoose populations sampled in this study.
Figure 2 in Head morphology reflects the introduction history in a globally invasive carnivore-the small Indian mongoose
Figure 2. Centroid size of the crania and mandibles of the specimens of small Indian mongoose from sampled localities in the native and introduced range. Large circles indicate mean values.
Figure 5 in Head morphology reflects the introduction history in a globally invasive carnivore-the small Indian mongoose
Figure 5. Cranial and mandibular shape assignments from the discriminant analyses of principal components.
Data from: Insights into the introduction history and population genetic dynamics of the Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) in Florida
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Data from: Introduction history overrides social factors in explaining genetic structure of females in Mediterranean mouflon
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Data from: Multi-locus analysis of Pristionchus pacificus on La Réunion Island reveals an evolutionary history shaped by multiple introductions, constrained dispersal events, and rare out-crossing
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A practical introduction to sequentially Markovian coalescent methods for estimating demographic history from genomic data
<p>A common goal of population genomics and molecular ecology is to reconstruct the demographic history of a species of interest. A pair of powerful tools based on the sequentially Markovian coalescent have been developed to infer past population sizes using genome sequences. These methods are most useful when sequences are available for only a limited number of genomes and when the aim is to study ancient demographic events. The results of these analyses can be difficult to interpret accurately, because doing so requires some understanding of their theoretical basis and of their sensitivity to confounding factors. In this practical review, we explain some of the key concepts underpinning the pairwise and multiple sequentially Markovian coalescent methods (PSMC and MSMC, respectively). We relate these concepts to the use and interpretation of these methods, and we explain how the choice of different parameter values by the user can affect the accuracy and precision of the inferences. Based on our survey of 100 PSMC studies and 30 MSMC studies, we describe how the two methods are used in practice. Readers of this article will become familiar with the principles, practice, and interpretation of the sequentially Markovian coalescent for inferring demographic history.</p>
Data from: Introduction history and population genetics of intracontinental scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) invasion
Aim Biological invasions at the intracontinental scale are poorly studied, and intracontinental invasions often remain cryptic. Here, we investigate the recent range expansion of scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) into Norway and clarify whether the genetic patterns support a natural spread or human introduction. Furthermore, we investigate whether plants were moved within the native range and how this influences invasion success. We also infer the level and structuring of genetic diversity within and between the putative native and introduced range. Location Europe Methods We analysed the chloroplast sequence variation in 267 scotch broom samples from its northern expansion front and from its native range across Europe, including herbarium samples dating back to 1835. For 37 populations, we analysed variation in nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphic markers to study gene flow and genetic diversity. Results We identified 20 different haplotypes, which lacked spatial and temporal distribution patterns in the recent expansion range in Norway. These also mostly lacked patterns across the native European range of scotch broom. The genetic diversity of nuclear genomic SNP markers across populations in the introduced range was similar to that of populations in the native range, with limited differentiation among populations. Main conclusions Scotch broom is alien to Norway and was introduced by humans on multiple occasions from diverse origins over a long period of time. High propagule pressure has probably maintained the high genetic diversity in the novel range through a combination of genetically diverse source populations and high gene flow among them. Within the native European range, our results suggest the presence of cryptic intraspecific admixture, most likely mediated by humans moving genotypes among the regions occupied by distinct native genotypes. Intracontinental invasions may easily go unnoticed and revealing these invasions and the factors driving them may be of great importance for the management of alien species.
Data from: Influence of introduction history on genetic variation in introduced populations: a case study of Oregon Chub
Population introductions and reintroductions have become a common tool for conserving threatened species, but oftentimes introduced populations have reduced the genetic diversity compared with the source population they were founded from. Population introductions played an important role in the recovery of the Oregon Chub Oregonichthys crameri, a small floodplain minnow found in western Oregon. Unlike many introduction efforts, introduced populations of Oregon Chub were founded using large numbers of individuals (hundreds in many cases) and each population had a unique introduction history (e.g., number of founders, source populations selected, duration of the introduction effort). We used microsatellite loci to examine 13 introduced populations and their respective sources to evaluate how well the introduction program captured genetic diversity present in the wild populations. Genetic variation was reduced by roughly 25% in one introduced population, and three introduced populations showed evidence of a genetic bottleneck due to heterozygote excess. Populations introduced from multiple sources had greater genetic diversity than populations from a single source. When multiple source populations were used, all source populations contributed genetic material to the introduced population, though the proportional contribution from each source population varied. Using correlation analyses and general linear models, we explored the relationship between introduction history variables and genetic diversity. Our top-ranked models included genetic diversity in the source population, and this variable had the highest variable importance weight (0.999), but the number of founders and the number of source populations were also important. Overall, the Oregon Chub introduction program was highly successful at capturing the genetic variation observed in natural populations. Results of this study will be useful for planning future population introductions for Oregon Chub and other species of conservation concern.
Figure 5 from: Compton JA, Sytin AK (2023) The History and introduction of the Daurian Lily Lilium pensylvanicum and the new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (Liliaceae). PhytoKeys 236: 215-247. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.111741
Figure 5 Watercolour of L. pensylvanicum as 'Lilium angustifolium, flore rubro singulari' in the Appendix to Mark Catesby's The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands (Catesby 1747: App. t. 8).
Figure 2 from: Compton JA, Sytin AK (2023) The History and introduction of the Daurian Lily Lilium pensylvanicum and the new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (Liliaceae). PhytoKeys 236: 215-247. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.111741
Figure 2 Moscow University specimen MW0044033 of L. pensylvanicum bearing 'In horto Fintelmanniano' label.
Figure 1 from: Compton JA, Sytin AK (2023) The History and introduction of the Daurian Lily Lilium pensylvanicum and the new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (Liliaceae). PhytoKeys 236: 215-247. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.111741
Figure 1 Sydenham Edwards illustration of Lilium pensylvanicum in Curtis's Botanical Magazine 22 t. 872 (1805).
Figure 8 from: Compton JA, Sytin AK (2023) The History and introduction of the Daurian Lily Lilium pensylvanicum and the new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (Liliaceae). PhytoKeys 236: 215-247. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.111741
Figure 8 Lectotype specimen N.Shestunov 59 of Lilium dauricum var. alpinum LE01075424 designated by Compton & Sytin, this paper.
Figure 7 from: Compton JA, Sytin AK (2023) The History and introduction of the Daurian Lily Lilium pensylvanicum and the new combination L. pensylvanicum var. alpinum (Liliaceae). PhytoKeys 236: 215-247. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.236.111741
Figure 7 Peter Simon Pallas's specimens of L. pensylvanicum from Siberia that may have been in Aylmer Bourke Lambert's Herbarium BM000551418.
Figure 6 in Head morphology reflects the introduction history in a globally invasive carnivore-the small Indian mongoose
Figure 6. Disparity in cranial and mandibular shape.
Figure 4. Cranial and mandibular shape assignments from the k in Head morphology reflects the introduction history in a globally invasive carnivore-the small Indian mongoose
Figure 4. Cranial and mandibular shape assignments from the k-NN analyses.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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