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35 results for “introduction pathways”
EWINA_IPATHS : a global database of earthworm introductions' pathways into the US from 1945 to 1975
<p><strong>This dataset centralizes data of earthworm interception events at the US borders between 1945 and 1975.</strong></p> <p>These data come from the U.S. Bureau of Plant Quarantine, U.S. Department of Agriculture and were compiled by E. Gates in a list of papers (see references).</p> <p>Each record in the EWINA_IPATHS database relates an interception event of introduced earthworms.</p> <p>Interception events are described by the name of the intercepted species, its abundance, the date and place of interception, the geographical point of origin, the transportation mode (boat, plane, car), and the substrate in which the earthworms were found (e.g. soil, leaves, fish bait).</p> <p>EWINA_IPATHS contains 1 016 events of earthworm interceptions.</p> <p>Files:</p> <ul> <li><strong>EWINAPATH.csv </strong>: dataset itself</li> <li><strong>EWINAPATH_references.csv</strong> : list of references where the data come from. Merge to EWINAPATH.csv with the field source_ID.</li> <li><strong>EWINAPATH_variables.csv</strong>: list of variables and their meaning.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Pathways of introduction of alien species in Norway
<p>1. Alien species constitute one of the major threats to global biodiversity. Stopping alien species at an early stage, preferably before establishment, is crucial for the effectiveness of management actions. To enable early detection and prevent future introductions, knowledge of pathways of introduction and their absolute and relative importance is crucial.</p> <p>2. Based on an exhaustive impact assessment of all alien species in Norway (multicellular neobiota), the relation of taxonomy, lifestyle and ecological impact of alien species to their pathways of introduction are investigated. This taxonomically and ecologically unbiased dataset contains 2,267 unique pathways of 1,180 alien species.</p> <p>3. Ecological and taxonomic patterns indicate that terrestrial organisms were predominantly introduced by means of escape (mainly plants escaped from gardens), parasites as contaminants (mainly fungi and insects parasitising plants), freshwater organisms by release (mainly vertebrates), and marine organisms as stowaways (mainly invertebrates and algae). Unaided introductions were most common among insects and marine organisms.</p> <p>4. Alien species with high ecological impact were mainly introduced along the same pathways as other alien species. In relative terms, high-impact species were overrepresented among released species, even though this pathway was subordinate in absolute terms. The number of pathways and the overall introduction pressure were important predictors of ecological impact, especially of the species' invasion potential and area of occupancy.</p> <p>5. Introduction rates of novel alien species have seen recent increases in all taxa and along almost all pathways. This acceleration was especially pronounced for insects and fungi introduced as contaminants and for marine organisms introduced as stowaways. In absolute terms, introduction rates were highest for plant escapes, reaching more than five novel species per year.</p> <p>6. Synthesis and applications: Introduction of new alien species cannot be prevented by closing one or two introduction pathways, since none can be singled out as the main pathway of invasives. Yet each pathway closed makes a difference, as this reduces the overall introduction pressure. The highest priorities for management are the pathways that are easiest to address, such as release, and those with the highest volume, such as plant trade.</p>
Figure 4 in The marine live bait trade as a pathway for the introduction of non-indigenous species into California: patterns of importation and thermal tolerances of imported specimens
Figure 4. Average percent survival (± SE) of G. dibranchiata (A) and Perinereis sp. (B) after exposed to southern California thermal conditions for five days. Gray bars indicate significant difference. No difference in survival was observed among the three temperature treatments for G. dibranchiata (F2,8 = 2.67, p = 0.130). There was a significant difference in survival of Perinereis sp. among the treatments (F2,8 = 11.08, p = 0.005).
Figure 1 in The marine live bait trade as a pathway for the introduction of non-indigenous species into California: patterns of importation and thermal tolerances of imported specimens
Figure 1. Distribution by county of bait shops selling marine live bait in California according to survey responses. Live marine bait was sold in all counties shaded in grey. Numbers inside black circles indicate species sold in that county. Bait shops in shaded counties without black circles reported marine live bait sales but did not provide information on which species they sold.
Figure 3 in The marine live bait trade as a pathway for the introduction of non-indigenous species into California: patterns of importation and thermal tolerances of imported specimens
Figure 3. For each species of marine live bait, (A) the percentage of respondents who reported importing that species who answered that either seaweed (sometimes in combination with newspaper) or seawater were used as packing materials, and (B) the percentage of respondents who reported importing that species who observed hitchhikers in shipments of that species. Note that for (A), some respondents indicated that both seaweed and seawater were used as packing materials for a given species, so that the total percentage may add up to greater than 100 (e.g., for pileworms).
Species introductions cause phylogenetically structured successional pathways in natural wood-inhabiting fungal communities
<p>These files include the data and the scripts for reproducing the results presented in the manuscript "Species introductions cause phylogenetically structured successional pathways in natural wood-inhabiting fungal communities".</p> <p>Description of the files can be found from the README.docx file.</p>
Figure 4 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel
Figure 4. Probability for the estimated annual passenger entries with CBB-infested materials: (a) to Hawaii from CBB-occurring countries; (b) between Hawaii island and Oahu; (c) between Oahu and Maui; (d) between Oahu and Kauai; (e) between Hawaii island and Maui; (f) between Maui and Kauai; (g) between Hawaii island and Kauai; (h) between Oahu and Lanai.
Figure 1 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel
Figure 1. World coffee production with CBB world distribution: a) 2019 coffee produc- tion (FAO 2020); b) CBB distribution by introduction year (Vega et al. 2015).
Figure 2 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel
Figure 2. Number of months per year with optimal temperature conditions for CBB growth. The optimal temperature conditions were determined by evaluating the area where daily minimum temperature was above 18°C and daily maximum temperature was below 30°C.
Figure 3 in Pathway Analysis: Likelihood of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) Introduction into the Hawaiian Islands by Air Passenger Travel
Figure 3. Mean annual number of air passengers traveling between the Hawaiian Islands. Dispersal pathways are shown for those islands that are confirmed to have coffee berry borer. Thicker blue lines indicate higher numbers of passengers.
Data from: Pathways of introduction of alien species in Norway
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 7 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 7 Male Agistemus collyerae: A – leg I; B – leg II.
Figure 2 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 2 Female Agistemus collyerae: A – dorsum; B – dorsal setae.
Figure 1 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 1 Female Agistemus collyerae: Dorsal view (photo).
Figure 8 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 8 Male Agistemus collyerae: A – leg III; B – leg IV.
Figure 4 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 4 Female Agistemus collyerae: A – leg I; B – leg II.
Figure 6 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 6 Male Agistemus collyerae: A – dorsum; B – venter; C – gnathosoma.
Figure 3 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
Figure 3 Female Agistemus collyerae: A – venter; B – palp; C – subcapitulum.
Table 1 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
<p><b>Table 1</b> Measurements of <i>Agistemus collyerae</i> collected from South Africa, and comparison with New Zealand female specimens. All measurements are lengths unless otherwise noted. Leg length was measured from coxa to tip of empodium. Measurements are given in μm. SA = South Africa; NZ = New Zealand.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>NZ female</th><th>SA female</th><th>SA male</th><th>SA deutonymphs</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>(n=6)</td><td>(n=8)</td><td>(n = 2)</td><td>(n=1)</td></tr><tr><th><b>BODY SIZE</b></th></tr><tr><th>Length (excl. gnathosoma)</th><td>224 – 298</td><td>234 – 262</td><td>193 – 201</td><td>188</td></tr><tr><th>Length (incl. gnathosoma)</th><td>323 – 416</td><td>335 – 379</td><td>308</td><td>277</td></tr><tr><th>Width (at level of c2)</th><td>171 – 242</td><td>172 – 207</td><td>156 – 160</td><td>137</td></tr><tr><th><b>GNATHOSOMA</b></th></tr><tr><th><i>m</i></th><td>21 – 25</td><td>18 – 23</td><td>20 – 23</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><th><i>n</i></th><td>23 – 27</td><td>18 – 27</td><td>18 – 19</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><th><i>or1</i></th><td>11 – 12</td><td>11 – 14</td><td>12 – 13</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><th><i>or2</i></th><td>11 – 12</td><td>10 – 14</td><td>10 – 14</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><th>Moveable cheliceral digit</th><td>31 – 36</td><td>36 – 39</td><td>35 – 40</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Palp</th><td>72 – 80</td><td>71 – 85</td><td>86 – 89</td><td>63</td></tr><tr><th>Palp tibial claw</th><td>13 – 18</td><td>15 – 17</td><td>19 – 20</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><th><b>DORSUM</b></th></tr><tr><th>Eyes (diameter)</th><td></td><td>9 – 10</td><td></td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th>Post-ocular bodies (diameter)</th><td></td><td>6 – 8</td><td></td><td>7</td></tr><tr><th><i>ve</i></th><td>24 – 27</td><td>15 – 17</td><td>15 – 16</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><th><i>sci</i></th><td>30 – 39</td><td>21 – 28</td><td>23</td><td>19</td></tr><tr><th><i>sce</i></th><td>31 – 38</td><td>23 – 28</td><td>22 – 24</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><th><i>c1</i></th><td>24 – 31</td><td>20 – 26</td><td>15 – 17</td><td>15</td></tr><tr><th><i>c2</i></th><td>35 – 39</td><td>21 – 31</td><td>23 – 27</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><th><i>d1</i></th><td>30 – 37</td><td>20 – 25</td><td>17</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><th><i>d2</i></th><td>32 – 39</td><td>23 – 28</td><td>23 – 26</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><th><i>e1</i></th><td>42 – 46</td><td>29 – 34</td><td>12 – 13</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><th><i>e2</i></th><td>42 – 45</td><td>27 – 34</td><td>25 – 27</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><th><i>f</i></th><td>34 – 42</td><td>31 – 35</td><td>32 – 34</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><th><i>h1</i></th><td>38 – 43</td><td>34 – 39</td><td>13 – 14</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><th><i>h2</i></th><td>32 – 38</td><td>32 – 36</td><td>21 – 26</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><th><i>ve – ve</i></th><td>27 – 45</td><td>28 – 34</td><td>30 – 31</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><th><i>c1 – c1</i></th><td>36 – 43</td><td>26 – 36</td><td>34 – 40</td><td>26</td></tr><tr><th><i>d1 – d1</i></th><td>61 – 73</td><td>52 – 64</td><td>54 – 56</td><td>48</td></tr><tr><th><i>e1 – e1</i></th><td>33 – 34</td><td>24 – 34</td><td>27</td><td>22</td></tr><tr><th><i>f – f</i></th><td>65 – 80</td><td>58 – 65</td><td>38 – 42</td><td>44</td></tr><tr><th><i>h1 – h1</i></th><td>15 – 18</td><td>13 – 21</td><td>9</td><td>13</td></tr><tr><th><b>VENTER</b></th></tr><tr><th><i>g</i></th><td>35 – 39</td><td>27 – 37</td><td>-</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Aedeagus</th><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>48 – 55</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><b>LEGS</b></th></tr><tr><th>Leg I</th><td>185 – 200</td><td>184 – 195</td><td>187 – 191</td><td>148</td></tr><tr><th>ωI</th><td>13 – 16</td><td>9 – 12</td><td>9 – 10</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><th>ωI♂</th><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>10 – 13</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>ϕI</th><td>10 – 14</td><td>8 – 11</td><td>9</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>leg II</th><td>166 – 189</td><td>168 – 188</td><td>169 – 174</td><td>138</td></tr><tr><th>ωII</th><td>10 – 13</td><td>6 – 10</td><td>9 – 11</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>ωII♂</th><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>11 – 13</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>ϕII</th><td>9 – 10</td><td>4 – 6</td><td>5 – 6</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>leg III</th><td>169 – 187</td><td>173 – 194</td><td>166 – 175</td><td>141</td></tr><tr><th>ωIII</th><td>8 – 10</td><td>5 – 6</td><td>5</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>ϕIII</th><td>7 – 10</td><td>3 – 5</td><td>4</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>leg IV</th><td>185 – 210</td><td>188 – 198</td><td>184 – 186</td><td>144</td></tr><tr><th>ωIV♂</th><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>5 – 6</td><td>-</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Agistemus collyerae (Acari: Trombidiformes: Stigmaeidae) in South Africa: first record, introduction pathways and a re-description including additional life stages
<p><b>Table 2</b> <i>Agistemus collyerae</i> specimens detected on agricultural imports from other countries by South Africa.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>country</b></th><th><b>crop</b></th><th><b>commodity</b></th><th><b>import date(s)</b></th><th><b>specimens</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Yemen</th><td>citrus (unspecified <i>Citrus sp</i>.)</td><td>budwood</td><td>Aug 1991</td><td>1 female</td></tr><tr><th>Australia</th><td>mandarin orange (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>) nectarine (<i>Prunus persica var. nucipersica</i>) peach (<i>Prunus persica)</i> citrus (unspecified <i>Citrus sp.</i>)</td><td>budwood budwood budwood budwood</td><td>Jan 2013 Feb 2007, Jan 2010, Feb 2010 Jan 2010, Mar 2013 Jan 2010</td><td>2 deutonymphs 5 females, 6 males 2 females, 1 male 3 females</td></tr><tr><th>Italy</th><td>olive (<i>Olea europaea</i>)</td><td>rooted cuttings</td><td>Oct 2007</td><td>Unable to locate specimen</td></tr><tr><th>Spain</th><td>apricot (<i>Prunus armeniaca</i>) grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera)</i></td><td>fresh fruit fresh fruit</td><td>Jun 2009 Oct 2015</td><td>1 female 1 female</td></tr><tr><th>Chile</th><td>grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera)</i></td><td>budwood</td><td>Mar 2014</td><td>1 female</td></tr><tr><th>USA</th><td>nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) peach (<i>Prunus persica)</i> citrus (unspecified C <i>itrus sp.</i>)</td><td>budwood budwood budwood</td><td>Nov 2010 Nov 2011, Jan 2012, Nov 2012 May 2016</td><td>2 females 2 females, 1 male 1 female</td></tr><tr><th>France</th><td>nectarine (<i>Prunus persica var. nucipersica</i>)</td><td>budwood</td><td>Jan 2017</td><td>1 female</td></tr></tbody></table>
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