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19 results for “invasion by extremes”
Evidence for an extreme founding effect in a highly successful invasive species: data and R code
<p>The adaptive potential of invasive species is thought to decrease during founding events due to reduced genetic diversity, limiting the new population's ability to colonize novel habitats. Barbary ground squirrels (<i>Atlantoxerus getulus</i>) were purportedly introduced as a single breeding pair to the island of Fuerteventura but have expanded to over a million individuals spread across the island in just over 50 years. We estimated the number of founders and measured the level of genetic diversity in this population using the mitochondrial displacement loop and microsatellite markers. Island samples (<i>n</i> = 19) showed no variation in the d-loop, suggesting a single founding female, while Moroccan samples (<i>n</i> = 6) each had unique mitochondrial haplotypes. The microsatellite data of the island population (<i>n</i> = 256 individuals) revealed a small effective population size, low levels of heterozygosity, and high levels of inbreeding, supporting a founding population size of two to three individuals. Our results suggest that <i>A. getulus</i> has undergone an intense genetic bottleneck during their colonization of the island. They are one of the few species where introduction effort does not explain invasion success, although further investigation may explain how they have avoided the worst expected effects following an extreme genetic bottleneck.</p>
Crossing extreme habitat boundaries: Jack-of-all-trades facilitates invasion but is eroded by adaptation to a master-of-one
<ol> <li>The invasion of new environments can be a key instigator of adaptive diversification, but the likelihood of such invasions succeeding can depend on the attributes of would-be invaders. Chief among these seems to be a generalist or 'jack-off-all-trades' phenotype.</li> <li>Yet, despite the obvious link between habitat transitions and adaptation, we know surprisingly little about how phenotypes that might initially allow taxa to transition between habitats subsequently evolve or influence post-invasion differentiation.</li> <li>We tested how a generalist phenotype of a broad diet and behavioral plasticity in marine blenny fishes has facilitated the repeated invasion of extreme environments—particularly land—and how the conditions post-invasion have impacted that generalist phenotype and associated trophic morphology.</li> <li>Our data show that a wide diet and plasticity in being able to shift between environments freely has been instrumental in the progressive invasion of land by amphibious blennies. Once established, however, terrestrial blennies have experienced strong stabilising selection for a restricted diet, little to no plasticity and a highly specialised morphology. Instead of promoting diversification, the invasion of land appears to offer only a limited niche for survival, constraining descendent blennies to a specific adaptive phenotype.</li> <li>While our study supports the view that generalism facilitates invasion and that habitat transitions instigate adaptation, it also shows a generalist strategy is not optimal for successful establishment and new environments may offer fewer (not more) opportunities for diversification. This has broad implications for how taxa might be expected to respond or adapt to abrupt environmental change more generally.</li> </ol>
Evidence for an extreme founding effect in a highly successful invasive species: data and R code
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Crossing extreme habitat boundaries: Jack-of-all-trades facilitates invasion but is eroded by adaptation to a master-of-one
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Subspecies and Distribution. A.l.lerviaPallas,1777—Morocco,NA.l.,andNTunisia. A.l.angusiRothschild,1921—NWNiger(Air&TermitMassifs). A.l.blaineiRothschild,1913—SELybia,NEChad,andNW&NESudan(probablynowrestrictedtoRedSeahills). A.l.fassiniLepri,1930—NWLibya,extremeSTunisia. A.l.ornatus1.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1827—SE&SWEgypt. A. l. sahariensis Rothschild, 1913 — S Morocco, Western Sahara, NW Mauritania, S A.l ria, extreme S Libya, NE Mali, SE Niger, and NW Chad. Introduced, free-ranging populations occur in S Spain, the Canary Is, USA (California, New Mexico, and Texas), and NE Mexico. Subspecies of free-ranging introduced populations are unknown because they originate from zoo animals of uncertain origin or from hybrids. Most introduced populations are probably from subspecies lervia, derived from European zoos. The Aoudad has become a widespread invasive species. in Bovidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A.l.lerviaPallas,1777—Morocco,NA.l.,andNTunisia. A.l.angusiRothschild,1921—NWNiger(Air&TermitMassifs). A.l.blaineiRothschild,1913—SELybia,NEChad,andNW&NESudan(probablynowrestrictedtoRedSeahills). A.l.fassiniLepri,1930—NWLibya,extremeSTunisia. A.l.ornatus1.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire,1827—SE&SWEgypt. A. l. sahariensis Rothschild, 1913 — S Morocco, Western Sahara, NW Mauritania, S A.l ria, extreme S Libya, NE Mali, SE Niger, and NW Chad. Introduced, free-ranging populations occur in S Spain, the Canary Is, USA (California, New Mexico, and Texas), and NE Mexico. Subspecies of free-ranging introduced populations are unknown because they originate from zoo animals of uncertain origin or from hybrids. Most introduced populations are probably from subspecies lervia, derived from European zoos. The Aoudad has become a widespread invasive species.
Randomized Control Trial: Synchronized Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation Versus Non Synchronized Non Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03613987. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Using Cranial Nerve Non-invasive Neuromodulation to Improve Pain and Upper Extremity Function After a Stroke
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05370274. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Moderate genetic drift is driven by extreme recruitment events in the invasive mollusk Crepidula fornicata
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Environmental data from: Potential distributions of invasive vertebrates in the Iberian Peninsula under projected changes in climate extreme events
<p>This dataset includes climatic variables representing extreme events indices defined by the World Meteorological Organization (<a href="https://public.wmo.int/en">https://public.wmo.int/en</a>). The variables were calculated based on five Regional Climate Models or RCMs (UAHE-REM, UCAN-WRA, UCAN-WRB, UCLM-PRO and UMUR-MM5) for the periods 1971-2000 ('current climate') and 2021-2050 ('future climate') under the SRES A1B Emissions Scenario. We used RCMs instead of global climate models (GCMs) because the latter have an overly coarse resolution compared to the spatial resolution of our species distribution data. Since RCMs downscale climate fields from GCMs, they provide information at fine (meso or micro) scales that are more accurate for studies of regional phenomena and for application to climate impact assessments. Climatic variables were calculated in collaboration with the Numerical Modelling Group for the Environment and Climate (MOMAC, <a href="https://www.uclm.es/grupos/momac">https://www.uclm.es/grupos/momac</a>) of the University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM).</p>
Data from: Effects of extreme temperatures on the growth and photosynthesis of invasive Bidens alba and its native congener B. biternata
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Environmental data from: Potential distributions of invasive vertebrates in the Iberian Peninsula under projected changes in climate extreme events
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Non-Invasive Neuromodulation for Upper Extremity Function in Spinal Cord Injury: A Crossover Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06903416. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Non-invasive Support in Extremely Preterm Infants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02723123. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Non-invasive Flow Measurements in Patients With Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05689190. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Non-invasive Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation To Restore Upper Extremity Function in Multiple Sclerosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06552611. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Is Continuous Non-Invasive Monitoring Accurate When Used on the Lower Extremity: Finger Vs Toe?
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06805435. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Evaluating Non-Invasive Haptics During Extreme Exercise
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07285252. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Non-invasive Trigeminal and Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Stroke Subjects With Chronic Upper Extremity Deficits
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06288217. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Extreme polyandry aids the establishment of invasive populations of a social insect
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