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76 results for “invasive insects”
Survey of Family Forest Owners Regarding Invasive Insects in the Connecticut River Watershed 2017
Forest insects have significant direct impacts on forest ecosystems; they are also generating new risks, uncertainties, and opportunities for forest landowners. Our research objective is to understand: (1) whether and how insect infestations are shifting land-use regimes in New England by altering human decision-making, (2) how these changes to human decisions may affect regional forest ecosystems and the provisioning of select ecosystem services, and (3) how subsequent changes to forest ecosystems, in turn, affect landowners. The dataset is a result of gathering information from a random sample of family forest owners (FFOs) in the Connecticut River Watershed; FFOs own approximately half of the private forestland in the region. We collected information on characteristics and perceptions of these FFOs as well as their intentions for their land if faced with the presence or threat of invasive forest insects. To better understand FFO intentions, contingent behavior questions populate the conjoint analysis format of the questionnaire. These are the foundational data that form our further efforts to simulate the impacts of insect dynamics and landowner behavior on regional forest ecosystems, including forest carbon stores, forest structure and composition, and timber yields. One of our overarching hypotheses is that forest land-use change in response to insects will have greater near-term ecological consequences than climate change or insects by themselves.
Native generalist natural enemies and an introduced specialist parasitoid together control an invasive forest insect
<p>Specialized natural enemies have long been considered a major force driving the population dynamics of outbreaking forest insects. While research has traditionally focused on the role of specialist parasitoids, recent studies and reviews reflect an appreciation of complex interactions among many regulatory factors. The sources suggest that specialist parasitoids and generalist predators can each inflict strong top‐down effects and that specialists and generalists can interact to regulate insect herbivore populations. Here we use the model study organism winter moth (<i>Operophtera brumata</i>) in its invasive range in the northeast United States to investigate interactions between the introduced, host-specific tachinid parasitoid <i>Cyzenis albicans</i> and native, generalist pupal predators. Prior research in Canada showed that predation of winter moth pupae increased after <i>C. albicans </i>establishment. To explain this phenomenon, the following hypotheses have been suggested: (1) parasitoids suppress the winter moth population to a density that can be maintained by generalist predators, (2) unparasitized pupae are preferred by predators and thus experience higher mortality rates, or (3) <i>C. albicans </i>sustain higher predator populations throughout the year more effectively than winter moth alone. We tested these hypotheses by deploying winter moth pupae over six years spanning 2005 to 2017 and by modeling pupal predation rates as a function of winter moth density and <i>C. albicans </i>establishment. We also compared predation rates of unparasitized and parasitized pupae and considered additional mortality by a native pupal parasitoid. We found support for the first hypothesis; we detected both temporal and spatial density dependence, but only in the latter years of the study when winter moth densities were lower. We found no evidence for the latter two hypotheses. Our findings suggest that pupal predators have a regulatory effect on winter moth populations only after populations have been reduced, presumably by the introduction of the host-specific parasitoid <i>C. albicans</i>.</p>
Fig. 1 in The invasive white ginger lily (Hedichium coronarium) simplifies the trait composition of an insect assemblage in the littoral zone of a Savanna reservoir
Fig. 1. Location and characterization of plant composition banks of Fazzari reservoir in the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado Biome, Brazil).
Fig. 3 in The invasive white ginger lily (Hedichium coronarium) simplifies the trait composition of an insect assemblage in the littoral zone of a Savanna reservoir
Fig. 3. The average values of CWM-trait values of aquatic insect assemblages in invaded and non-invaded banks by white ginger lily of a reservoir in Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado Biome). A – CWM-FFG, B – CWM-feed, C – CWM-habit, D – CWM body length. CWM, Community level Weight-Mean.
Figure 1 in Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two new invasive alien species for insect fauna of Macedonia
Figure 1. The finding sites of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (triangle) and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (point) in Macedonia.
Figure 2 in Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), two new invasive alien species for insect fauna of Macedonia
Figure 2. The western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann found on Pinus nigra at Prilep Lake.
Fig. 4 in Forecasting the impact of an invasive macrophyte species in the littoral zone through aquatic insect species composition
Fig. 4. Comparison among Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indices of aquatic insect assemblages associated with white ginger lily banks and native vegetation profile in the littoral zone of a tropical reservoir in the Brazilian Savanna (Group 1, white ginger lily; Group 2, invaded forest; Group 3, native macrophyte; Group 4, riparian vegetation).
Fig. 2 in Forecasting the impact of an invasive macrophyte species in the littoral zone through aquatic insect species composition
Fig. 2. Comparison between ecological variables of aquatic insect assemblages associated with invasive white ginger lily bank and other native vegetation banks in the littoral zone of a tropical reservoir in the Brazilian Savanna (A, abundance; B, richness; C, Simpson diversity; IM, invasive macrophyte; IF, invaded forest; NM, native macrophyte; RV, riparian vegetation).
Fig. 1 in Forecasting the impact of an invasive macrophyte species in the littoral zone through aquatic insect species composition
Fig. 1. Location and characterization of vegetation profile banks of the Fazzari reservoir in the Brazilian Savanna (Cerrado Biome, Brazil).
Fig. 3 in Forecasting the impact of an invasive macrophyte species in the littoral zone through aquatic insect species composition
Fig. 3. Analyses of non-metric MDS of aquatic insect assemblages associated with white ginger lilY banks and native vegetation profiles in the littoral zone of a tropical reservoir in the Brazilian Savanna (●, white ginger lilY; ○, invaded forest; ∆, native macrohYte; ▲, riparian vegetation).
Figure 2 in Report of new invasive scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Monophlebidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae), on the islands of San Andres and Providencia, Colombia, with an updated taxonomic key to iceryine scale insects of South America
Figure 2. Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh, adult female (modified from Kondo and Unruh (2009), with copyright permission from the journal Neotropical Entomology). A, Simple multilocular pores, with bilocular or trilocular center and 6–8 (very rarely 0) outer loculi. B, Short hair-like seta. C, Long hair-like seta. D, Various types of simple multilocular pores, each with star-shaped center and 4–6 outer loculi. E, Flagellate seta. F, Simple multilocular pores surrounding anal opening, each with bilocular or trilocular center and 8–10 elongate outer loculi. G, Simple multilocular pores surrounding vulva, with bilocular or trilocular center and each with 8–14 elongate outer loculi. H, Abdominal spiracle. I, Simple multilocular pores on ventromedial abdomen, with reniform center and 4–6 outer loculi. J, Simple multilocular pores, with bilocular or trilocular center and 8–10 outer loculi. K, Enlargement of setal base. L, Various types of simple multilocular pores, with triangular, cruciform or star-shaped center and 4–7 (very rarely 0) outer loculi. M, Various types of simple multilocular pores present on ventral abdomen, with triangular or cruciform center and 3–6 outer loculi.
Figure 1 in Report of new invasive scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Monophlebidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae), on the islands of San Andres and Providencia, Colombia, with an updated taxonomic key to iceryine scale insects of South America
Figure 1. Adult females (center) and nymphs (on each side) of Crypticerya multicicatrices on coconut leaf. Notice empty egg chorions on median slit (arrowed) on ovisac from where first-instar nymphs exit ovisac.
Figure 4 in Report of new invasive scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Monophlebidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae), on the islands of San Andres and Providencia, Colombia, with an updated taxonomic key to iceryine scale insects of South America
Figure 4. Natural enemies of C. multicicatrices. A. Encyrtid sp. 1. B. Encyrtid sp. 2. C. Left. Diomus? sp. Center and Right. Delphastus? sp. D. Delphastus? sp. on ovisac of C. multicicatrices preying upon eggs (see arrow). Photos A‒C by TK; D by R. L. Bermúdez.
Figure 3. Crypticerya multicicatrices. A in Report of new invasive scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo and Unruh (Monophlebidae) and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) (Pseudococcidae), on the islands of San Andres and Providencia, Colombia, with an updated taxonomic key to iceryine scale insects of South America
Figure 3. Crypticerya multicicatrices. A. On Cajanus cajan. B. On Spondias purpurea. C. On Tectona grandis. D. On Citrus latifolia. E. On Delonix regia. F. On a palm. G. On Carica papaya. H. On Artocarpus altilis. Notice sooty mold on leaves. I. Dieback of Erythrina variegata street trees.
Native generalist natural enemies and an introduced specialist parasitoid together control an invasive forest insect
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Data from: Plant, insect, and soil microbial communities vary across brome invasion gradients in northern mixed-grass prairies
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Data from: An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid, indirectly impacts Louisiana Waterthrush nest site selection and nest survival in the southern Appalachians
<p>Eastern hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) is declining throughout the eastern United States due to hemlock woolly adelgid (<i>Adelges tsugae</i> Annand), an invasive insect from Asia. In the southern Appalachians, hemlock is concentrated in moist ravines and its decline threatens riparian ecosystems. Previous research on this invasion has focused on adelgid control and how hemlock decline affects community composition or forest processes; few studies have evaluated the consequences for demography of obligate riparian species. The Louisiana Waterthrush (<i>Parkesia motacilla</i>) is an obligate riparian species that could be sensitive to hemlock condition in this region, but how individuals respond to decline is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged recent adelgid treatment efforts in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to evaluate the relationship(s) between hemlock decline and waterthrush habitat selection (foraging and nest site) and vital rates (nest and adult survival). We found that hemlock decline was unrelated to foraging habitat selection and apparent adult survival, but was related to nest site selection through an interaction with percent ground cover of exposed live tree roots: birds selected for nest sites in areas with more exposed live roots but only when hemlock were in poor condition. Nest survival was lower in areas where deciduous species (vs. evergreen species) dominated the understory, suggesting that adelgid invasion could indirectly impact waterthrush fitness depending on how vegetative succession proceeds following hemlock decline. Our results suggest that the short-term consequences of adelgid invasion on this riparian avian species are minimal in this area, but these relationships are likely dynamic and dependent on local habitat features and the predator community response to hemlock decline.Eastern hemlock (<i>Tsuga canadensis</i>) is declining throughout the eastern United States due to hemlock woolly adelgid (<i>Adelges tsugae</i> Annand), an invasive insect from Asia. In the southern Appalachians, hemlock is concentrated in moist ravines and its decline threatens riparian ecosystems. Previous research on this invasion has focused on adelgid control and how hemlock decline affects community composition or forest processes; few studies have evaluated the consequences for demography of obligate riparian species. The Louisiana Waterthrush (<i>Parkesia motacilla</i>) is an obligate riparian species that could be sensitive to hemlock condition in this region, but how individuals respond to decline is currently unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we leveraged recent adelgid treatment efforts in Great Smoky Mountains National Park to evaluate the relationship(s) between hemlock decline and waterthrush habitat selection (foraging and nest site) and vital rates (nest and adult survival). We found that hemlock decline was unrelated to foraging habitat selection and apparent adult survival, but was related to nest site selection through an interaction with percent ground cover of exposed live tree roots: birds selected for nest sites in areas with more exposed live roots but only when hemlock were in poor condition. Nest survival was lower in areas where deciduous species (vs. evergreen species) dominated the understory, suggesting that adelgid invasion could indirectly impact waterthrush fitness depending on how vegetative succession proceeds following hemlock decline. Our results suggest that the short-term consequences of adelgid invasion on this riparian avian species are minimal in this area, but these relationships are likely dynamic and dependent on local habitat features and the predator community response to hemlock decline.</p>
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress, however research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history, and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:<b> </b>Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:<b> </b>Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:<b> </b>Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>:<b> </b>Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.</span></p>
Data from: Non-invasive biophysical measurement of travelling waves in the insect inner ear
Frequency analysis in the mammalian cochlea depends on the propagation of frequency information in the form of a travelling wave (TW) across tonotopically arranged auditory sensilla. TWs have been directly observed in the basilar papilla of birds and the ears of bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) and have also been indirectly inferred in the hearing organs of some reptiles and frogs. Existing experimental approaches to measure TW function in tetrapods and bush-crickets are inherently invasive, compromising the fine-scale mechanics of each system. Located in the forelegs, the bush-cricket ear exhibits outer, middle and inner components; the inner ear containing tonotopically arranged auditory sensilla within a fluid-filled cavity, and externally protected by the leg cuticle. Here, we report bush-crickets with transparent ear cuticles as potential model species for direct, non-invasive measuring of TWs and tonotopy. Using laser Doppler vibrometry and spectroscopy, we show that increased transmittance of light through the ear cuticle allows for effective non-invasive measurements of TWs and frequency mapping. More transparent cuticles allow several properties of TWs to be precisely recovered and measured in vivo from intact specimens. Our approach provides an innovative, non-invasive alternative to measure the natural motion of the sensilla-bearing surface embedded in the intact inner ear fluid.
Data and code for: Terrestrial eDNA survey outperforms conventional approach for detecting an invasive pest insect within an agricultural ecosystem
<p>Recent methodological advances permit surveys for terrestrial insects from the direct collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) deposited on vegetation or other surfaces. However, in contrast to well-studied aquatic applications, little is known about how detection rates for such terrestrial eDNA-based surveys compare with conventional survey methods. <i>Lycorma delicatula</i>, the spotted lanternfly, is an emerging invasive insect in eastern North America, and a significant ecological and economic pest of forested and agricultural systems, especially grapes. During fall 2019 we conducted two rounds of paired eDNA and visual surveys for spotted lanternflies within 48 plots at 12 vineyards in New Jersey, USA. We compared detection probabilities within a multimethod occupancy modeling framework and used the results to extrapolate and inform survey design. The probability of detecting spotted lanternflies given presence in a plot was over two times higher for eDNA (84%) versus visual surveys (36%). In mid-September, lanternfly eDNA was detected at five plots in three vineyards while visual surveys revealed only a single individual in one plot. In early October, after dispersal of lanternflies into vineyards, lanternfly eDNA was detected in 12 plots within six vineyards compared with visual detections in six plots in two vineyards. Extrapolations based on detection and local-scale occupancy rates indicate that only five and 12 plots would have been needed to positively detect lanternfly presence with 95% confidence using eDNA in contrast to 14 and 29 plots with visual surveys alone, respective to survey rounds. Log-linear models revealed that visual counts of lanternflies were positively related to eDNA concentrations (R<sup>2</sup> = 71%). We provide some of the first quantitative evidence to support the enhanced sensitivity of terrestrial eDNA approaches compared with conventional methods. Such methods can augment efforts to combat invasive species through improved ability to delimit invasion fronts, identify satellite populations, and confirm local eradications.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.