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7 results for “islands species-area relationship”
Data from: Species-area relationships in the Andaman and Nicobar islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands
<p>The Island Species-Area relationship (ISAR) describes how the number of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island-like habitat), and is of fundamental importance in island biogeography and conservation. Here, we use a framework based on individual-based rarefaction to infer whether ISARs result from passive sampling, or whether some processes are acting beyond sampling (e.g., disproportionate effects and/or habitat heterogeneity). Using data on total and relative abundances of four taxa (birds, butterflies, amphibians and reptiles) from multiple islands in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, we examine how different metrics of biodiversity (total species richness, rarefied species richness, and abundance-weighted effective numbers of species emphasizing common species) vary with island area. Total species richness increased for all taxa, as did rarefied species richness controlling for a given sampling effort. This indicates that the ISAR did not result because of passive sampling, but that instead, some species were disproportionately favored on larger islands. For birds, frogs and lizards, this disproportionate effect was only associated with species that were rarer in the samples, but for butterflies, both more common and rarer species were affected. Furthermore, for the two taxa for which we had plot-level data (reptiles and amphibians), within-island β-diversity did not increase with island size, suggesting that within island compositional effects were unlikely to be driving these ISARs. Overall, our results indicate that the ISARs of these taxa are most likely driven by disproportionate effects, that is, where larger islands are important sources of biodiversity beyond a simple sampling expectation, especially through their influence on rarer species, thus emphasizing their role in the preservation and conservation of species.</p>
Data for: Habitat diversity, resource availability, and island age in the species-area relationship
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The island species-area relationship (ISAR) and its theoretical justifications assume the area of islands to be homogeneous across an archipelago, which is generally not the case. We compare the performance of models that adjust or substitute for island area with measures of habitat diversity, island age, and resource availability to account for the violation of this assumption. We further compare the performance of models for two taxonomic groups.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Five hotspot archipelagos (Azores, Galapagos, Hawaii, Cape Verde, Canary Islands).</p> <p><strong>Taxa:</strong> Vascular plants and birds.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the mathematical framework of the power law to compare relevant models, treating the one containing only area as a null model against which others were compared. Data was collated from the GIFT database and from the literature. Models were compared using linear regression within archipelagos and via mixed effect models with archipelago as a random effect.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Weighting of island area by habitat diversity and resource availability systematically improved statistical significance and model fits versus the area only power law. Models including island age did not show the same systematic improvement in model fits. For vascular plants, weighting islands by resource availability (energy and water) performed better than weighting by habitat diversity, although for birds these weightings performed equally well.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> Given that islands within archipelagos are fairly uniform in climate, topography, and geology, it is worth accounting for this in ISARs. Our results suggest that, for islands in volcanic hotspot archipelagos this is best done by using direct measures of habitat diversity and resource availability rather than using island age as a proxy. Because weighting area by habitat diversity and resource availability produced better predictors of species diversity, the proposed approach may be particularly valuable in conservation science.</p>
Synthesis reveals that island species-area relationships emerge from processes beyond passive sampling
<p><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p>The Island Species-Area Relationship (ISAR) quantifies how the number of species increases as the area of an island or island-like habitat gets larger, and is one of ecology's most general patterns. However, studies that measure the ISAR often confound variation in sampling methodology and analyses, precluding appropriate syntheses of its underlying mechanisms. While most ISAR studies only use presence-absence data at the whole-island scale, we aggregated data sets of species-level abundances allowing for individual-based rarefaction.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong></p> <p>505 islands from 34 different archipelagos across the world, including oceanic islands, lake islands and forest islands.</p> <p><strong>Major Taxa Studied</strong></p> <p class="MsoPlainText">Local assemblages of plants, invertebrates, herpetofauna, birds, mammals</p>
Data from: Species-area relationships in the Andaman and Nicobar islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands
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Data for: Habitat diversity, resource availability, and island age in the species-area relationship
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Synthesis reveals that island species-area relationships emerge from processes beyond passive sampling
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Avian dispersal ability shapes species-area relationships on islands worldwide
<p>These data and script support the article "Avian dispersal ability shapes species-area relationships on islands worldwide", currently in review.</p>
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