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5 results for “isohydric”
Plant invasion modifies isohydricity in Mediterranean tree species
<p>Understanding of plant hydraulic strategies (i.e., the degree of iso-/anisohydricity) is crucial to predict the response of plants to changing environmental conditions such as climate-change induced extreme drought. Several abiotic factors, including evaporative demand, have been shown to seasonally modify the isohydricity of plants. However, the impact of biotic factors such as plant-plant interactions on hydraulic strategies has seldom been explored. Here, we investigated adaptations and changes in hydraulic strategies of two woody species in response to seasonal abiotic conditions, experimental drought, and plant invasion in a Mediterranean cork oak (<em>Quercus suber</em>) ecosystem with a combined shrub invasion (<em>Cistus ladanifer</em>) and rain exclusion experiment. From the dry to wet season, <em>Q. suber </em>shifted from a partial isohydric to an anisohydric behaviour while <em>C. ladanifer </em>shifted from strict anisohydric to partial isohydric. During drought, water competition by plant invasion significantly modified the hydraulic strategy of invaded <em>Q. suber</em>, which was accompanied by lower pre-dawn leaf water potentials, sap flow density, leaf area index, and trunk increment rates. This altered isohydricity of invaded <em>Q. suber </em>trees was most likely caused by interspecific competition for water resources by water spending <em>C. ladanifer</em> shrubs. Both species do have the highest proportion of fine roots in the topsoil and thus, an additional water consumer, such as <em>C. ladanifer</em> can lead to more stressful conditions for <em>Q. suber</em> during times of water scarcity. Further underlying mechanisms of the altered isohydricity of <em>Q. suber</em>, such as potential allelopathic effects of <em>C. ladanifer</em> exudates on root growth of <em>Q. suber</em>, have to be investigated in the future. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the degree of isohydricity of two woody Mediterranean plant species is dynamically determined by the interplay of species-specific hydraulic traits and their abiotic and biotic environment.</p>
Enhanced isohydric behavior decoupled the whole-tree sap flux response to leaf transpiration under nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest
<p><span>Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has the potential to change the leaf water-use strategy in the subtropical region of China. Nevertheless, the whole-tree level response crucial for ecosystem functions has not been well addressed over the past decades. In this study, the stem sap flux density (J<sub>S</sub>) was monitored for the whole-tree water transport capacity in two dominant species (<em>Schima</em> <em>superba</em> and <em>Castanopsis</em> <em>chinensis</em>) in a subtropical forest. To simulate the increased nitrogen deposition, the NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> solutions were sprayed onto the forest canopy at 25 kg </span><span>ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup></span><span> (CAN25) and 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> (CAN50), respectively, since April 2013. The </span><span>J<sub>S</sub></span><span> and microclimate (monitored since January 2014) derived from the whole-tree level </span><span>stomatal conductance </span><span>(G<sub>S</sub>) were used to quantify the stomatal behavior </span><span>(G<sub>S</sub> sensitive to</span><span> vapor pressure deficit</span><span>, G<sub>S-VPD</sub>)</span><span> in response to the added nitrogen. </span><span>The maximum shoot hydraulic conductance (Kshoot-max) was also measured for both species. After one year of monitoring</span><span> in January 2015, the </span><span>mid-day (J<sub>S-mid</sub>) and daily mean (J<sub>S-mean</sub>) sap flux rates did not change under all the nitrogen addition treatments (p > 0.05). A consistent</span><span> decline in the </span><span>G<sub>S-VPD</sub></span><span> indicated an enhanced isohydric behavior for both species. In addition, the G<sub>S-VPD</sub></span><span> in the wet season was much lower than that in the dry season. </span><span><em>S</em>. <em>superba</em> </span><span>had a lower </span><span>G<sub>S-VPD</sub></span><span> and decreased J<sub>S-mid</sub>/J<sub>S-mean</sub>, implying a stronger stomatal control under the fertilization, which might be attributed to the low efficient diffuse-porous conduits and a higher JS. In addition, the G<sub>S</sub> for </span><span><em>S</em>. <em>superba</em></span><span> decreased and the </span><span>G<sub>S-VPD</sub></span><span> increased more under CAN50 than that under CAN25, indicating that the high nitrogen dose restrains the extra nitrogen benefits. Our results indicate</span><span>d</span><span> that the J<sub>S</sub> for both species was decoupled from the leaf transpiration for both species due to an enhanced isohydric behavior, and a xylem anatomy difference and fertilization dose would affect the extent of this decoupling relation.</span></p>
Enhanced isohydric behavior decoupled the whole-tree sap flux response to leaf transpiration under nitrogen addition in a subtropical forest
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Plant invasion modifies isohydricity in Mediterranean tree species
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Distinct transcriptome responses to water limitation in isohydric and anisohydric grapevine cultivars
GEO Series GSE70670. Vitis vinifera. 84 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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